蕪湖市人民醫(yī)院影像醫(yī)學(xué)英語考核一、單項選擇題（共10題，每題2分，合計20分）題目：1.Intheevaluationofapatientwithsuspectedpulmonaryembolism,whichimagingmodalityisconsideredthegoldstandardforbothdiagnosisandtreatmentguidance?A.ChestX-rayB.CTpulmonaryangiography(CTPA)C.Ventilation-perfusionscintigraphy(V/Qscan)D.MRIpulmonaryangiography(MRA)2.WhichofthefollowingsignsonMRIishighlysuggestiveofamalignantbraintumor?A.IsointensesignalonT1-weightedimagesB.HypointensesignalonT2-weightedimagesC.HomogeneousenhancementaftergadoliniumadministrationD.Presenceofacysticareawithoutenhancement3.Inultrasoundimaging,whatisthetermforthelossofnormaltissuedifferentiationduetoshadowingorreverberationartifacts?A.AcousticshadowingB.EnhancementC.AttenuationD.Flowartifact4.Whichimagingtechniqueismostappropriateforevaluatingthebiliarysysteminapatientwithsuspectedcholedocholithiasis?A.AbdominalultrasoundB.MRIcholangiographyC.CTwithoralandintravenouscontrastD.Endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatography(ERCP)5.The"dotsign"inrectalultrasoundrefersto:A.AhypoechoicfocusrepresentingapolypB.AhyperechoicringrepresentingatumorC.AhyperechoicclusterofsmallvesselsinthemesorectumD.Ananechoicareaindicatingabscessformation6.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncomplicationofcontrast-inducednephropathy?A.HematuriaB.RenalcellcarcinomaC.PyelonephritisD.Aorticdissection7.InmusculoskeletalMRI,the"bonemarrowedema"patternismostcommonlyassociatedwith:A.FracturehealingB.OsteomyelitisC.HematomaD.Earlyrheumatoidarthritis8.The"doublecontoursign"onCTishighlysuggestiveof:A.AneurysmalbonecystB.OsteosarcomaC.ChondromyxoidfibromaD.enchondromawithcalcification9.Whichimagingmodalityispreferredfortheinitialevaluationofasuspectedabdominalaorticaneurysm?A.CTangiography(CTA)B.MRAC.DSAD.Abdominalultrasound10.The"gadoliniumdepositiondisease"ismostcommonlyobservedin:A.MultiplesclerosisB.LymphomaC.RenalcellcarcinomaD.Prostatecancer二、多項選擇題（共5題，每題3分，合計15分）題目：1.WhichofthefollowingimagingfindingsaresuggestiveofacutepancreatitisonCT?A.PeripancreaticfatstrandingB.EnlargedpancreaticheadC.AnechoicductonultrasoundD.IncreaseduptakeonFDGPET-CTE.Presenceofapseudocyst2.Inpediatricorthopedics,whichMRIfindingsareconsistentwithLegg-Calvé-Perthesdisease?A.flatteningofthefemoralheadB.fragmentationoftheossificationcenterC.increasedsignalintensityinthemetaphysisD.subchondralcystformationE.periostealreaction3.WhichofthefollowingarecommonartifactsinMRI?A.ChemicalshiftartifactB.MagneticsusceptibilityartifactC.MotionartifactD.PartialvolumeeffectE.Beamhardeningartifact4.Inbreastimaging,whichofthefollowingarecharacteristicfeaturesofductalcarcinomainsitu(DCIS)?A.MicrocalcificationsB.SpiculatedmassC.Ill-definedmarginsD.SkinthickeningE.EnhancementondynamiccontrastMRI5.Whichimagingmodalitiesareusefulforevaluatingthevascularcomplicationsofdiabetesmellitus?A.ColorDopplerultrasoundB.CTangiographyC.MRAD.Digitalsubtractionangiography(DSA)E.PET-CT三、填空題（共10題，每題1分，合計10分）題目：1.Theprocessofconvertingrawdataintoanimageisknownas________inCT.2.Theshorttauinversionrecovery(STIR)sequenceisparticularlyusefulfordetecting________onMRI.3.The"pseudonymphosis"signonMRIisassociatedwith________inthelumbarspine.4.The"popcorn"calcificationinthyroidultrasoundrefersto________ofthethyroidgland.5.The"syrinx"isa________cavityfilledwithcerebrospinalfluid.6.The"spidersign"ondigitalsubtractionangiography(DSA)indicates________inthepulmonarycirculation.7.The"Gd-enhancedMRI"isalsoknownas________inclinicalpractice.8.The"acousticwindow"inultrasoundreferstotheareawheresoundwavescanpassthrough________and________structures.9.The"FleischnerSociety"isarenownedorganizationforthestandardizationof________imaging.10.The"MRA"techniquereliesonthe________ofbloodflowtogenerateimages.四、簡答題（共5題，每題4分，合計20分）題目：1.Describetheroleofcontrast-enhancedultrasound(CEUS)inthediagnosisofhepatocellularcarcinoma(HCC).2.ExplainthedifferencesbetweenT1-weightedandT2-weightedMRIimages.3.Howdoesthe"portalvenousphase"onCTdifferfromthe"arterialphase"intermsofimagingappearance?4.Whatarethekeysonographicfeaturesofathyroidnodulethatsuggestsmalignancy?5.DiscusstheadvantagesandlimitationsofMRIoverCTintheevaluationofbraintumors.五、翻譯題（共5題，每題3分，合計15分）題目：1."Thepatientpresentswithacuteabdominalpain.CTabdomenwithIVcontrastisrecommendedtoevaluateforcomplicationssuchasperforationorabscessformation."2."MRIofthelumbarspinerevealsalargeextrudeddischerniationatL4-L5,compressingtheleftL5nerveroot."3."Theultrasounddemonstratesahyperechoic,well-definedmassinthethyroidglandwithmicrocalcifications."4."CTchestwithpulmonaryangiographyshowsarightlowerlobepulmonaryembolismwithassociatedpleuraleffusion."5."Thebonescanrevealsfocalincreaseduptakeintherightdistalfemur,suggestiveofanosteoidosteoma."答案與解析一、單項選擇題答案與解析1.B-解析：CTpulmonaryangiography(CTPA)isthegoldstandardfordiagnosingpulmonaryembolismduetoitshighsensitivity,specificity,andabilitytoguidetherapeuticinterventions.ChestX-raylacksspecificity;V/Qscanislesscommonlyused;MRIismoretime-consuming.2.C-解析：Homogeneousenhancementaftergadoliniumadministrationisacharacteristicfeatureofmalignantbraintumors,reflectingneovascularity.IsointensityonT1,hypointensityonT2,andcysticareasaremoretypicalofbenignlesions.3.A-解析：Acousticshadowingoccurswhenultrasoundwavesareblockedbydensestructures(e.g.,boneormetal),leadingtolossofvisualizationbehindtheobject.Enhancement,attenuation,andflowartifactshavedifferentmechanisms.4.B-解析：MRIcholangiographyprovideshigh-resolutionimagesofthebiliarytreewithouttheneedforinvasiveprocedures.Ultrasoundisusefulforinitialevaluationbutlacksdetail;CTmayshowcalculibutisinferiortoMRIinbiliaryvisualization.5.C-解析：The"dotsign"referstoaclusterofhyperechoicsmallvesselsintherectalmesorectum,indicatingahighlikelihoodofmalignancy.Polypsappearhypoechoic;hyperechoicringssuggestlymphadenopathy;anechoicareasindicateabscesses.6.A-解析：Hematuriaisacommonsymptomofcontrast-inducednephropathy(CIN),whichresultsfromrenalvasoconstrictionordirecttubulartoxicity.Renalcellcarcinoma,pyelonephritis,andaorticdissectionareunrelatedcomplications.7.D-解析：BonemarrowedemaisanonspecificfindingonMRIoftenseeninearlyrheumatoidarthritis,reflectinginflammation.Fracturehealingshowsperiostealreaction;osteomyelitishasosteoblasticactivity;hematomasappearhyperintenseonT2.8.A-解析：The"doublecontoursign"onCTindicatesananeurysmalbonecyst,wheretheouterrimrepresentsthetumorandtheinnerrimthecalcifiedperiphery.Osteosarcomashowsaggressivebonedestruction;chondromyxoidfibromahasgeographicmargins;enchondromahaspunctatecalcification.9.A-解析：CTangiography(CTA)isthepreferredimagingmodalityforinitialaorticaneurysmevaluationduetoitsavailability,speed,anddiagnosticaccuracy.MRAisusefulforfollow-upbutlessidealforinitialdetection.10.A-解析：Gadoliniumdepositiondisease(GDD)ismostcommonlyobservedinpatientswithmultiplesclerosis(MS)afterrepeatedgadoliniumexposure.Lymphoma,renalcellcarcinoma,andprostatecancerareunrelated.二、多項選擇題答案與解析1.A,B,C,E-解析：AcutepancreatitisonCTshowsperipancreaticfatstranding,pancreaticenlargement,andpseudocysts.Anechoicductonultrasoundsuggestschronicpancreatitis;increasedFDGuptakeisseeninmalignancy.2.A,B,D-解析：Legg-Calvé-PerthesdiseaseinMRIshowsflatteningofthefemoralhead,fragmentationoftheossificationcenter,andsubchondralcysts.Metaphysealedemaisseenintransientsynovitis;periostealreactionismoretypicalofosteomyelitis.3.A,B,C,D,E-解析：CommonMRIartifactsincludechemicalshift,magneticsusceptibility,motion,partialvolume,andbeamhardeningartifacts.Alllistedoptionsarevalid.4.A,C-解析：DCISonbreastimagingshowsmicrocalcificationsandenhancementondynamicMRI.Spiculatedmasses,ill-definedmargins,andskinthickeningaremoresuggestiveofinvasivecarcinoma.5.A,B,C,D,E-解析：Alllistedmodalitiesareusefulforevaluatingvascularcomplicationsofdiabetes,includingcolorDopplerultrasound,CTA,MRA,DSA,andPET-CT.三、填空題答案與解析1.Reconstruction-解析：CTreconstructionconvertsrawdataintoadiagnosticimage.2.Fat-解析：STIRsequencesuppressesfatsignals,makingitidealfordetectingfat-relatedlesions(e.g.,lipoma,fatnecrosis).3.Spondylolysis-解析："Pseudonymphosis"referstothefusionofthelumbarvertebraeduetospondylolysis.4.Nodules-解析："Popcorn"calcificationsaresmall,roundcalcificationsinthyroidnodules,suggestiveofbenignancy.5.Cystic-解析：Asyrinxisacysticspacefilledwithcerebrospinalfluid,oftenduetospinalcordinjuryortumor.6.Thrombosis-解析："Spidersign"onDSAindicatespulmonarythrombosisduetoslowbloodflowinsmallvessels.7.Contrast-enhancedMRI-解析：Gd-enhancedMRIisclinicallyreferredtoascontrast-enhancedMRItoimprovetissuedifferentiation.8.Skin,softtissues-解析：Theacousticwindowistheareawhereultrasoundwavescanpassthroughtheskinandsofttissueswithoutsignificantattenuation.9.Nodularopacity-解析：TheFleischnerSocietystandardizesguidelinesforpulmonarynoduleevaluation.10.Susceptibilitycontrast-解析：MRAexploitsthesusceptibilitycontrastbetweenflowingblood(whichlacksgadolinium)andstationarytissues.四、簡答題答案與解析1.RoleofCEUSinHCCDiagnosis-解析：CEUSenhancesthedetectionofhypervascularliverlesions(HCC)byvisualizingarterialflow.IthelpsdifferentiateHCCfromotherbenignlesions(e.g.,dysplasticnodules)byshowingearlyarterialenhancement.2.DifferencesBetweenT1andT2MRI-解析：T1-weightedimagesprovidehighcontrastbetweenfat(bright)andwater(dark),whileT2-weightedimagesenhancewatersignals(e.g.,cerebrospinalfluid,edema).T1isbetterforanatomicaldetail;T2isbetterfordetectinglesionswithincreasedwatercontent.3.Portalvs.ArterialPhaseonCT-解析：Portalphaseshowsdelayedenhancementoftheliverduetovenouscontrastarrival,usefulforevaluatingliverlesions.Arterialphasehighlightshypervascularlesions(e.g.,HCC)duetorapidcontrastarrivalinthehepaticartery.4.SonographicFeaturesofMalignantThyroidNodules-解析：Featuresincludeirregularmargins,hypoechogenicity,microcalcificati