上海市行知中學(xué)2025-2026學(xué)年第一學(xué)期第二次月考高三年級(jí)英語試卷第I卷（共65分）I.GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.IsClimateChangeConsumingYourFavoriteFoods?Duetoclimatechange,theworld’sendangeredlistsarenolongerjustforanimals.Wemaynotonlyneedtoadaptourselvestolivinginawarmerworldbuta(1)______(tasty)oneaswell.Astheincreasedamountofcarbondioxideintheairlinkedtowarming(2)______(continue)toaffectweather,weoftenforgetthattheyarealsoimpactingthequantity,thequality,andthegrowinglocationsofourfood.Somefoodshavealreadyfelttheimpactwhile(3)______mayevenbecomescarcewithinthenext30years.Whetherornotyoutrytolimityourself(4)______onecupofcoffeeaday,theeffectsofclimatechangeontheworld’scoffee-growingregionsmayleaveyoulittlechoice.RisingtemperaturesandunpredictablerainfallpatternsarereportedtohavebeenthreateningcoffeeplantationsinSouthAmerica,Africa,Asia,andHawaii.Theresult?Significantcutsincoffeeyield.AccordingtoorganizationslikeAustralia'sClimateInstitute,halfofthepresentcoffee-producingareas(5)______(estimate)nottobesuitablebytheyear2050,ifcurrentclimatepatternscontinue.Withtemperaturescontinuouslyrising,oceansareabsorbingsomeoftheheatandundergoingwarmingoftheirown,(6)______(cause)adeclineinfishpopulation,includinginlobstersthatarecold-bloodedcreatures,andinsalmons(鮭魚)(7)______eggsfindithardtosurviveinhigherwatertemperatures.Warmerwatersalsoencouragesomepoisonousmarinebacteriatogrowandleadtoillnessinhumanswhenever(8)______(take)withrawseafood,likeoysters.Andhowaboutthatsatisfying“crack”whichyougetwhenyouareeatingcrabsandlobsters?Itcouldbesilenced(9)______shellfishhavebeenstrugglingtobuildtheircalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)shells,whichisaresultofoceanacidification.Evenworseisthepossibility(10)______wewillhavenoseafoodtoenjoyatall.Ina2006DalhousieUniversitystudy,scientistspredictedthatifover-fishingandrisingtemperaturetrendscontinuedattheirpresentrate,theworld'sseafoodstockswouldrunoutbytheyear2050.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.declared B.survive C.individualized D.advocated E.signal F.significantlyG.dominated H.contrast I.supposedly J.apart K.inseparableThey’restillkids,andalthoughthere’salotthattheexpertsdon’tyetknowaboutthem,onethingtheydoagreeonisthatwhatthekidsuseandexpectfromtheirworldhaschangedrapidly.Andit’sallbecauseoftechnology.Tothepsychologists,sociologists,andmediaexpertswhostudythem,theirdigitaldevicessetthisnewgroup(11)______,evenfromtheirMillennialelders,whoarequitefamiliarwithtechnology.Theywanttobeconstantlyconnectedandavailableinawayeventheirolderbrothersandsistersdon’tquiteget.Thesedifferencesmayseemslight,butthey(12)______theappearanceofanewgeneration.The(13)______betweenMillennialeldersandthisyoungergroupwassoevidenttopsychologistLarryRosenthathehas(14)______thebirthofanewgenerationinanewbook,Rewired:UnderstandingtheingenerationandtheWayTheyLearn,outnextmonth.Rosensaysthetechnically(15)______lifeexperienceofthosebornsincetheearly1990sissodifferentfromtheMillennialeldershewroteaboutinhis2007book,Me,MySpaceandI:ParentingtheNetGeneration,thattheydistinguishthemselvesasanewgeneration,whichhehasgiventhemthenicknameof“ingeneration”.Rosensaysportabilityisthekey.Theyare(16)______fromtheirwirelessdevices,whichallowthemtotextaswellastalk,sotheycanbeconstantlyconnected—eveninclass,wherecellphonesare(17)______banned.Manyresearchersaretryingtodeterminewhethertechnologysomehowcausesthebrainsofyoungpeopletobewireddifferently.“Theyshouldbedistractedandshouldperformmorepoorlythantheydo,”Rosensays.“Butfindingsshowteens(18)______distractionsmuchbetterthanwewouldpredictbytheirageandtheirbraindevelopment.”Becausethesekidsaremoredevotedtotechnologyatyoungerages,Rosensays,theeducationalsystemhastochange(19)______.“Thegrowthontheuseoftechnologywithchildrenisveryrapid,andweruntheriskofbeingoutofstepwiththisgenerationasfarashowtheylearnandhowtheythink.Wehavetogivethemoptionsbecausetheywanttheirworld(20)______,”Rosensays.II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.WhyDoPeople’sExerciseNeedsVarysoMuch?Exerciseneedsvaryamongpeopleduetoanumberoffactors,including...GeneticvariabilityGenesplayabigroleindeterminingaperson’s(21)______toexercise.Geneticvariationsinfluencefactorssuchasmusclefibrecomposition,metabolism(新陳代謝)andcardiovascular(心血管的)capacity.Somepeoplemaybe(22)______predisposedtoenduranceactivities,whileothersmayhaveageneticmake-upthatfavorsstrengthexercises.MetabolicrateMetabolicratevariesbetweenpeopleduetogeneticandphysiologicalfactors.Somepeoplehaveahigherbasalmetabolicrate,meaningtheyburncaloriesfasterwhile(23)______.Thisaffectsenergy(24)______duringexerciseandinfluencesthetypeandintensityofexerciseneededforweightmanagementandfitness.BodycompositionVariationsinbodycomposition(25)______howapersonrespondstoexercise.Someonewithahigherpercentageofleanmusclemassmayhavedifferentstrengthandendurancecapabilitiestosomeonewithahigherpercentageofbodyfat.(26)_____Exerciserequirements(27)______overthecourseofaperson’slife.Childrenandadolescentsmayhavedifferentneedsforgrowthanddevelopmentcomparedtoadultsorolderpeople(28)______bonedensityandfunctionalabilities.PersonalgoalsNoteveryonewantstogetfasterorbestronger.Mostpeoplehavetheirown(29)______whenexercisingandtheplantheyfollowneedstocatertothosegoals.Personal(30)______alsocomeintoplay,assomepeoplepreferexercisinginateamorclass,whileothersprefersoloworkouts.InbetweenexerciseActivity(31)______betweenworkoutswillalsoinfluenceaperson’sexerciseneedsandhowmuchtheyeat.Ifyou’reina(n)(32)______job,forexample,youmightnotneedasmuchexerciseassomeonewhoismoresedentary(需要久坐的).Recoveryisalsoimportant,asthisiswherethemajorityofyourgainsaremade.Everyonehasdifferentrecoverytimes,evenafterdoingthe(33)______workout.PsychologicalfactorsPsychologicalfactors,including(34)______,stresslevelsandmentalhealthalsoaffectexercisepreferencesandadherence(堅(jiān)持).Recognizingandembracingthese(35)______isvitalfortailoringeffectiveandsustainableexerciseprogrammesthatmeetaperson’sneeds21. A.attempt B.response C.tendency D.chance22. A.especially B.naturally C.regularly D.typically23. A.atrest B.atwork C.beingalone D.ingroups24. A.conservation B.efficiency C.expenditure D.intake25. A.affect B.dominate C.monitor D.reflect26. A.Age B.Diet C.Lifespan D.Size27. A.change B.continue C.persist D.shrink28. A.copingwith B.focusingon C.relyingon D.startingwith29. A.goals B.positions C.routines D.schedules30. A.experiences B.opinions C.preferences D.reasons31. A.durations B.intervals C.levels D.patterns32. A.active B.boring C.decent D.demanding33. A.extra B.new C.same D.tough34. A.education B.environment C.motivation D.nutrition35. A.differences B.exceptions C.factors D.featuresSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Atrafficjamwhenyou’realreadylate.Afreeridewhenyou’vealreadypaid.ThefactthattheKingJamesBibleisthemostspotlightedbookintheUnitedStates.Oneofthesethreethingsisanexampleofirony—thereversalofwhatisexpectedorintended.Theothertwoarenot.Thedifferencebetweenthemmaybeoneofthemostcuriouslinguistic(語言學(xué)的)misunderstandingyou’relikelytoencounter.“Ironic”doesnot,technically,mean“unfortunate”,“interesting”or“coincidental”despitethesetermsoftenbeingusedinterchangeably.Andthatfrequentmisusehasnotescapedlinguists(語言學(xué)家);accordingtotheeditors“WeestimatethatironicmightbethemostabusedwordintheEnglishlanguage.”Sowhatdoesironyreallymeanandwheredoestheconfusioncomefrom?Partoftheambiguityprobablyoriginatesfromthefactthattherearenofewerthanthreedefinitionsofironydependingonwhichdictionaryyouuse.There’sSocraticirony(anancientdialoguemove),anddramaticirony(anancienttheatricalmove),butthedefinitionofironywecareaboutissituationalirony.Situationalironyoccurswhen,astheOxfordEnglishDictionarydefinesit,“astateofaffairsoranevent...seemsdeliberatelycontrarytowhatoneexpectsandisoftenslightlyamusingasaresult.”Thetrick,isthedeliberatelycontrarypart—forasituationtobeironic,itmustbetheoppositeofwhatisexpected,notmerelyanamusingcoincidence.Atrafficjamwhenyou’realreadylatemaybeanundesirablecoincidence,butitisnottheoppositeoutcomeonewouldexpectwhenleavingforworklate.Instead,CollegeHumorwriterPatrickCasselscorrectsthesituationlikethis:“Atrafficjamwhenyou’realreadylatetoreceiveanawardfromtheMunicipalPlanningBoardforchangingthecity’sautomobilecongestionby80percent.”Nowthat’sirony.36.Thecommonmisunderstandingoftheword“ironic”isthat_______.A.Itdescribessomethingunlucky,amusingorcoincidentalB.ItshowssomethingthatisoppositetowhatisexpectedorintendedC.Itmeansunfortunate,interestingandcoincidentalatthesametimeD.ItisnottheabusedwordintheEnglishlanguage37.Theunderlinedword“ambiguity”means_________.A.distinction B.understandingC.uncertaintyD.issue38.Whichfollowingsituationcanbedescribedas“ironic”accordingtotheabovepassage?A.Johnwassupposedtoenjoyafreeridebutactuallyhehadpaidforitbefore.B.AlexanderBellinventedthetelephone,butrefusedtokeeponeinhisstudyforfearofdistraction.C.Youhadplannedaperfectweddingandinvitedalltheimportantpeoplewhenitstartedtorain.D.McDonalds’employeewarnedagainsteatingKentuckyChickenburgersandfries.39.Whatwillbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnUnexpectedTrafficJamB.TheMostMisusedWordinEnglishC.WhyIstheWordIronyMisusedD.CuriousLinguistsSettledAnotherMisunderstanding（B）Professionalsportspeoplewillgotoextraordinarylengthstogainanedgeovertheiropponents,butwhatreallyworks?CashewnutsKellyHolmes,Britain’sdouble-Olympicgoldmedalist,saidcashewnutswerehersecretsweaponattheAthensOlympics.“Cashewnutsaremylittlesecret,”shesaid,addingthattheyhelpedtoboostherpowersofrecoverysoshewasfullypreparedforhernextrace.A50gservingofcashewprovidesone-fifthofawoman’sdailyironrequirementsandaroundone-tenthofaman’szincneeds.ExpertVerdict:“Allnutsarearichsourceofdietaryprotein--neededtoenhancetherecoveryprocessofmusclesafterintenseactivity,”saysJeanetteCrosland,consultantdieticiantotheBritishOlympicAssociation.FancycontactlensesDevelopedovereightyears,theMaxSightcontactlensisdesignedspecificallytoimprovethesharpnessofanathlete’svision.ThelensesarecurrentlybeingtestedbyACMilanplayersandusewhatthedeveloperscall“LightArchitecture”opticstofilterspecificwavelengthsoflightinorderto“enhancekeyvisualelements”--suchasaball—andatthesametimereducesunglare.ExpertVerdict:“Theycouldofferanadvantageovernormallensesforsportbyreducingtheglareoflightandsun,”saysLouiseSutton,principallecturerinHealthandExerciseScienceatLeedsMetropolitanUniversity.NasalstripsTheylooklikestickingplastersandweredevelopedtohelppeoplewithhealthproblemslikeexcessivesnoring,butinrecentyearsBreatheRightnasalstripshavegainedinpopularityamongsportspeoplewhobelievethattheyimproveairflowthroughthenoseandintothelungs.Theycanoftenbeseenwornbyprofessionalfootballersandotherathletes.ExpertVerdict:“Duringexercisewhenwebeginbreathingharder,theaircominginispredominantlysuppliedviathemouth,”saysSutton,“Itmayimproveairflowthroughthenasalpassage,butthereisnoevidencethatitreachesthelungsandbootsperformance.”LowoxygententsExposuretothin,mountainairhaslongbeenknowntobenefitcompetitorsinenduranceeventslikecyclingandrunningbecauseithelpsthebodytoadapttousingoxygenmoreefficiently.Manufacturershavenowdevelopedlow-oxygententstostimulatethiseffect.ExpertVerdict:StephenDay,anexercisephysiologistatStaffordShireUniversity,carriedouttestsonrunnerstoseehoweffectivesleepinginalow-oxygententcanbe,“Wefoundthatoneathlete’saerobiccapacityimprovedbyamassive30%severalmonthsofsleepinginalow-oxygentent,”hesays.40.Thepassagetalksmainlyabout.A.thefoodsathleteseattoenhancetheirstrengthB.theapproachesathletestaketoimprovetheirperformanceC.thewaysinwhichexpertstrytohelpathletesdobetterincompetitionsD.themethodsbywhichmanufacturespromotetheirproductstoathletes41.Theeffectsof______haven’tbeenprovedscientifically.A.cashesnuts B.fancycontactlensesC.nasalstrips D.lowoxygentents42.Whichofthefollowingtoolsmayhelpamarathonrunnertoagreatextent?A.Lowoxygententsandcashewnuts.B.Fancycontactlensesandnasalstrips.C.Nasalstripsandlowoxygentents.D.Cashewnutsandfancycontactlenses.(C)It’snotanurbanlegend:crimeratesdoinfactriseinthesummerintheU.S.Astudyfoundthat,withtheexceptionofrobberyandautotheft,ratesofallviolentandpropertycrimesarehigherduringthesummerthanduringothermonths.Thestudyexamineddatacollectedduring8years,whichincludedviolentandpropertycrimesthatdidnotresultindeath,bothreportedandnotreportedtothepolice.Thedatashowthat,thoughthenationalcrimeratedroppedby70percentduringrecentyears,seasonalincreasesinsummerremain.Insomecases,thoseincreasesare12percenthigherthanratesduringseasonsinwhichthelowsoccur.Thephenomenonconfusesmanycriminologistandtheywonderwhy.Somereasonthatincreasedtemperatures,whichdrivemanyoutofdoorsandleavewindowsopenintheirhomes,raisetheamountoftimewhenhomesareleftempty.Otherspointtotheeffectofstudentsonsummervacationwhoareotherwiseoccupiedwithschoolingduringotherseasons,whilesomearguethatsufferingheat-induceddiscomfortsimplymakespeoplemoreaggressiveandlikelytoactout.Althoughtheseelementspossesscertainpersuasivepower,theirrationalityiscalledintoquestionwhencasesinwinterareputonthemap.Whyaren’ttheratesinwinterfallingifheatrelatedfactorsaretoblameforthesummerincrease?Contrarily,themattershouldbeviewedfromsocialandeconomicanglesratherthanonsolarterms.Numerousstudieshaveshownthatratesofcriminalbehavioramongyoungadultsdropwhentheircommunitiesprovidethemwithotherwaystospendtheirtimeandearnmoney.ThiswasfoundtobetrueinLosAngeles,wheregangactivitywasreducedwhencommunitycentersforteenswerethrivingandactive.Andgenerallyspeaking,theconnectionbetweeneconomicinequalityandcrimeisrobustlydocumentedfortheU.S.Andwhysummerseesaworsesituation?It’sprobablybecauseit’sevenharderforyoungsterstolandjobsthatprovideforlifenecessities.Soifofficialswanttoaddressthesummerincreaseincrime,theymayactdifferentlyinsteadofaimingstraightatcrimes.Simplyupgradingsecurityandseverelypunishingcrimesalmostproducevoideffects.Instead,beopentovariousoptionsandtheywillfindthatdevelopmentofjobhuntingagenciesorcommunityprofessionaltrainingcentersareaccompanyingthedropofcrimeratewithoutseasonalexceptions.Afterall,breadalwayscomesfirstforeveryone.43.Whatpuzzlesscholarsstudyingcrimes?A.Theratesofrobberyandautotheftarelowerthanotherviolentandpropertycrimesinsummer.B.Theratesofcrimesresultingindeathareaboutthesameinallseasons.C.Thecrimeratesnotreportedtothepolicearemuchhigherduringsummer.D.Crimeratesinsummerarehigherthanthoseofotherseasons.44.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeyreasonfortheseasonalincreaseofcrimerates?A.Increasedtemperaturelefthouseseasierforattacks.B.Thehotenvironmentmakespeoplemorelikelytobeangered.C.Youngstersfindithardtoreleaseenergiesatschool.D.People’seconomicneedsarenotsatisfiedbythesociety.45.Whatcanbedonetofightseasonalriseofcrimes?A.Lengthentheschooltimetoholdstudentsinschoolduringsummer.B.Enhancethesafetymechanismduringthesummer.C.Takemeasurestoencourageyouthemployment.D.Frightenwould-becriminalsthroughharshpunishments.46.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Solartermsareresponsibleforthesummercrimeincrease.B.Crimeratesinsummerfallby58percentintheU.S.C.LAcriminalactivitiesfallbecauseofpositivecommunityprograms.D.Thecrimeratesinwinterarelowduetolowmobilityintheseason.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.OnceVictorhidinalifeboatforhalfanhourwhilewesearchedeverywhere.B.Hisheadwascompletelyhairless,andhewasobviouslyunsteady.C.HeandClaudinemademefeelateaseassoonasImetthem.D.Therewereonlytwonarrowtwinbedsinourcabin,eachcoveredwithdarkbluesheets.E.Hepartedthecurtainandlookedoutoftheroundwindowoftheship.F.Hejumpedoutaswepassedbelowhim,scaringanddelightingusatthesametime.LifeonaShipWethreechildrenwereveryexcitedwhenwewalkedupthegangway(舷梯)oftheBritishflagshipChinaStarandsawofficers,crewandstaffrushingaround.AChinesehousekeeperledthewayandhelpedUncleJeanandAuntReinewithourluggage.Victor,ClaudineandIlaggedbehind.Thehousekeeperwastallandthinandtoweredovereveryone.___47___Aswefollowedhimdownanarrowcorridortowardsourcabins,Victorwhisperedtome,“Onethingabouthavingnohairatallonyourhead,youalwayslookneat!”ThoughIwasstillfeelingnervousandtongue-tiedbecauseithadonlybeenthreedayssinceAuntReinetookmeoutofSt.Joseph’s,Ilaughedoutloud.ThatwastheeffectVictorhadonpeople.___48___“Boystotherightandgirlstotheleft,”saidUncleJean.Ourtwocabinsweredirectlyoppositeeachother.Inside,everythingwasneat,bareandclean.WhileAuntReine,ClaudineandIwereunpacking,therewasaknockonthedoor.Victorstoodthere,wearingabright-redandorangelife-jacket.“Whyareyouwearingthat?”Claudineprotested.“Ourshiphasn’tevensailedyet!”“IncasetheChinaStarstartsgoingdown.Thenyou’llreallybesorryyou’renotwearingoneyourself.Here!Letmeshowyousomething!”___49___Ourcabinwasbelowdeck.Outsidewecouldseenothingbutdeepdarkwater.Claudinebecamealarmed.“Mama,howoftendoesashipsink?”sheasked.BeforeAuntReinehadtimetoreply,Victorquippedwithastraightface,“Onlyonce!”AuntReineandIcouldnothelplaughinginspiteofourselves.ButthenVictordidsomethingmybrotherswouldneverhavedone.Hetookoffhislife-jacket,slippeditonhissisterandshowedherhowtoadjustthestraps.___50___Atnight,ourhousekeeperbroughtinatinyroll-outbedbecausetherewerethreeofus.第II卷（共50分）III.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.It’sacommonsighttoseefooddeliveryworkersridingelectricbikesthroughbigcitiesinChina.Mostofthemseemtobeinahurry,astheyrunredlightstodelivertheirmealsintime.However,suchreckless(魯莽的)behavioroftencausesseriousproblems.Inthefirsthalfofthisyear,fooddeliverydrivershad76trafficaccidentsinShanghaialone,accordingtotheShanghaiPublicSecurityBureau.Thismeansthatonaverage,thereisa