2022屆上海市上海大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.FacebookhaschangeditscorporatenametoMetaaspartofamajorrebrand.Thecompanysaiditwouldbetter“encompass”whatitdoes,asitbroadensitsreachbeyondsocialmediaintoareaslikevirtualreality(VR).Thechangedoesnotapplytoitsindividualplatforms,suchasFacebook,InstagramandWhatsApp,onlytheparentcompany____1____ownsthem.ThemovefollowsaseriesofnegativestoriesaboutFacebook,____2____(base)ondocumentsleakedbyanex-employee,FrancesHaugen,whohasaccusedthecompanyofputting“profits____3____safety.”In2015,GooglerestructureditscompanycallingitsparentfirmAlphabet,however,thenamehasnotcaughton.FacebookbossMarkZuckerbergannouncedthenewnameasheunveiledplanstobuilda“metaverse”—anonlineworld____4____peoplecangame,workandcommunicateinavirtualenvironment,oftenusingVRheadsets.Hesaidtheexistingbrandcouldnot“possiblyrepresent____5____thatwe'redoingtoday,letaloneinthefuture”,andneededtochange.“Overtime,IhopethatweareseenasametaversecompanyandIwanttoanchorourworkandouridentityon____6____we'rebuildingtowards,”hetoldavirtualconference.ThecompanyalsounveiledanewsignatitsheadquartersinMenloPark,California,onThursday,Theword“meta”comesfromtheGreekwordmeaning“beyond”.Toanoutsider,ametaversemaynowlooklikeaversionofVR,____8____somepeoplebelieveitcouldbethefutureoftheinternet.Insteadofbeingonacomputer,peopleinametaversemightuseaheadsettoenteravirtualworldconnectingallsortsofdigitalenvironments.It____9____(hope)thevirtualworldcouldbeusedforpracticallyanythingfromwork,playandconcerts,to____10____(socialize)withfriendsandfamily.【答案】1.that2.based3.over4.where5.something6.what7.replacing8.but9.ishoped10.socializing【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是作為品牌重塑的一部分，F(xiàn)acebook將公司名稱改為Meta?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這一變化并不適用于Facebook、Instagram和WhatsApp等單獨(dú)的平臺(tái)，只適用于擁有這些平臺(tái)的母公司。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞“company”是物，且被“only”修飾，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞that，故填that?！?題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：此前，F(xiàn)acebook前雇員FrancesHaugen泄露的文件引發(fā)了一系列關(guān)于該公司的負(fù)面報(bào)道，他指責(zé)該公司“將利潤置于安全之上”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中謂語是“follows”，空格處用非謂語形式，由固定短語bebasedon可知，空格處用過去分詞based表被動(dòng)，作狀語，故填based?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：此前，F(xiàn)acebook前雇員FrancesHaugen泄露的文件引發(fā)了一系列關(guān)于該公司的負(fù)面報(bào)道，他指責(zé)該公司“將利潤置于安全之上”。由上文的“whohasaccusedthecompany”可知，句子表示“Haugen指責(zé)該公司將利潤置于安全之上”，因此空格處是“級(jí)別在……之上”，是over，故填over。4題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：臉書老板馬克·扎克伯格宣布了這個(gè)新名字，并宣布了建立一個(gè)“虛擬世界”計(jì)劃——一個(gè)人們可以在虛擬環(huán)境中玩游戲、工作和交流的網(wǎng)絡(luò)世界，通常使用VR頭盔。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句中不缺主語或賓語，先行詞“world”是地方，因此空格處是關(guān)系副詞where，做地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where?！?題詳解】考查不定代詞。句意：他表示，現(xiàn)有品牌“可能無法代表我們今天正在做的事情，更不用說未來了”，需要改變。由“thatwe'redoingtoday”可知，是定語從句，從句缺乏賓語，意為“某些事情”，用不定代詞something，故填something?！?題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：他在一次虛擬會(huì)議上表示：“隨著時(shí)間的推移，我希望我們被視為一家虛擬世界公司，我希望我們的工作和我們的身份定位正在朝著我們建構(gòu)的方向發(fā)展?！眔n是介詞，因此空格處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句中缺少賓語，因此空格處用連接代詞what，故填what。【7題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：周四，該公司還在其位于加州門洛帕克的總部推出了一個(gè)新標(biāo)識(shí)，用一個(gè)藍(lán)色的無限形狀取代了之前豎起大拇指的“Like”標(biāo)識(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中謂語是“unveiled”，空格處用非謂語形式，“Thecompany”和“replace”之間是主謂關(guān)系，因此空格處用現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，作狀語，故填replacing?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：在外人看來，虛擬世界現(xiàn)在可能看起來像是虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的一個(gè)版本，但有些人認(rèn)為它可能是互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的未來。根據(jù)前面的“ametaversemaynowlooklikeaversionofVR”和后面的“somepeoplebelieveitcouldbethefutureoftheinternet”可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此空格處用表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but，故填but?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意：人們希望虛擬世界可以用于幾乎任何事情，從工作、娛樂、音樂會(huì)，到與朋友和家人的社交。It是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的句子“thevirtualworldcouldbeusedforpracticallyanythingfromwork,playandconcerts,to_____(socialize)withfriendsandfamily”，這是人們的希望，因此句子用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，句子描述現(xiàn)在的客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此空格處是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即is/aredone，主語it是單數(shù)，因此空格處是ishoped，故填ishoped?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：人們希望虛擬世界可以用于幾乎任何事情，從工作、娛樂、音樂會(huì)，到與朋友和家人社交。to是介詞，其后跟動(dòng)名詞socializing作賓語，故填socializing。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.healingB.prioritizeC.assignedD.symbolizingE.secondaryF.peculiarG.featuringH.engagedI.patternedJ.followedK.embracingTheHealingPowerofArtDreamshavenoagelimit.A79yearoldladywhorestartsherlifebypaintingprovesthatitisnevertoolateto____11____oneself.Meetingthe77-year-oldLiYufengatherworkshopintheLingangSpecialArea,Iamsooninfectedbyherenergyandpassion.____12____pumpkins,Hamimelons,pebblesandplayingcards,anumberofherpaintingshangonthewalls.Allherworksareinspiredbytheeverydaythingsinherlife.AstheMid-AutumnFestivalhasjustpassedwhenwemeet,Li'slatestworksportraysamoon-cake____13____withadragonandphoenix.Naturalandpeaceful,herpaintingshave____14____power.Theyenableviewerstofeelthebeautyofsmallthings,whichweeasilyignoreinourdailylives.Lastyear,shewasinvitedtoholdapaintingexhibitionattheXuhuiArtMuseum.Tomanypeople'ssurprise,LiLispentherchildhoodintheconfusionofcivilwar.Herfatherwas____16____toXinjiangUygurAutonomousRegionasateacherinamiddleschool,andLiandhermother____17____himtothelandofruggedmountainsandvastdesertbasins."ThegreenlawnandthecamphortreeinfrontofourhouseinHumanhavealwaysbeenimpressedinmychildhoodmemories,"saidYin.____18____prosperityandfreshness,greenisLi'sfavoritecolor,whichshefrequentlyusesinherpaintings.Sherecallsthatsheworeagreentweedcoatonherweddingdayin1963.Liusedtoworkasanelectricwelde（r電焊工）.Lackingpropereyeprotection,theflashfromtheweldingequipmenteventuallydamagedhervision.However,thathasn'tstoppedherfrom____19____colors.Libecamefullyengagedinpaintingafterherhusband'spassingawayin2017.Paintingbroughtherintothepresentmomentandletherforgetthepainoflosingherhusbandandherdiseases.Intheflowofpainting,itishardtodwellonsomanytroubles.ForLi,herimprovedpaintingskillsare_____20_____tothejoythatartbringsher.【答案】11.B12.G13.I14.A15.H16.C17.J18.D19.K20.F【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹藝術(shù)治愈力量?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：一位以繪畫重新開始生活的79歲老婦人證明，優(yōu)先考慮自己永遠(yuǎn)都不晚。固定結(jié)構(gòu)：too…to…“太……而不能……”；動(dòng)詞prioritize的意思是“優(yōu)先考慮”符合句意。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。句意：墻上掛著她的許多畫，畫的主題有南瓜、哈密瓜、鵝卵石和撲克牌。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語；動(dòng)詞feature的意思是“以……為特色”，其現(xiàn)在分詞featuring符合題意。故選G?！?3題詳解】考查過去分詞作后置定語。句意：我們見面的時(shí)候剛好是中秋節(jié)，李連杰的最新作品是一個(gè)龍鳳圖案的月餅。bepatternedwith“與……相等，以……圖案裝飾”。句中amoon-cake和patterned之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，是過去分詞作后置定語。故選I?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞作定語。句意：她的畫自然祥和，具有治愈的力量。形容詞修飾名詞power，形容詞healing的意思是“能治愈的”，在句中作定語。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：令許多人驚訝的是，李翊云三年前才開始接觸藝術(shù)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語threeyearsago可知句子用一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞短語beengagedwith的意思是“忙于，從事于”。故選H?！?6題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：她的父親被分配到新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)的一所中學(xué)當(dāng)老師，李和她的母親跟著他來到了這片崎嶇的山區(qū)和廣闊的沙漠盆地。固定短語：beassignedto“被分配到……”。此處是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以assigned符合題意。故選C?！?7題詳解】考查一般過去時(shí)。句意：她的父親被分配到新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)的一所中學(xué)當(dāng)老師，李和她的母親跟著他來到了這片崎嶇的山區(qū)和廣闊的沙漠盆地。這里在描述過去發(fā)生的事情，所以句子用一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞follow的意思是“跟隨”，其過去式followed符合題意。故選J?！?8題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。句意：綠色象征著繁榮和新鮮，是李翊云最喜歡的顏色，她在繪畫中經(jīng)常使用綠色。此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。動(dòng)詞symbolize的意思是“象征”，其現(xiàn)在分詞是symbolizing，符合題意。故選D。【19題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞作賓語。句意：然而，這并沒有阻止她擁抱顏色。介詞from后面用動(dòng)名詞作賓語；動(dòng)詞embrace的意思是“擁抱”，其動(dòng)名詞是embracing。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞作表語。句意：對(duì)于李來說，她的繪畫技巧的提高是藝術(shù)帶給她的快樂所獨(dú)有的。固定短語：bepeculiarto“是……所特有的”，其中形容詞peculiar作表語，符合題意。故選F。III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.FaitDiver:MoreThanBriefStoriesEveryday,thereareitemsinthenewsbelievedtoominortoreportatlength.Forthese____21____stories,Frenchnewspapersofoldhadasolution:asectioncalledfaitdivers:storiesofaparagraphorafewlines.Thesebriefstoriesweretypicallyofsome____22____oroddoccurrence:trainaccidents,lovers'quarrels,drownings,suicides.Thefaitdiversremainedapracticalform,intendedtoconveyastorywithout____23____toomuchspace,butitalsodevelopedintoanart.InFrenchliterature,itcrossedthelinefromlowtohighcultureandinfluencedthewritingof____24____asvariedasStendha（司湯達(dá)）,Flauber（福樓拜）,andCamus（加繆）,sometimesasthe____25____inspirationforwhatlaterbecameanovel.____26____aversionofitwaspresentinAmericannewspapers,itneverquitecaughtonintheEnglishpressasaliteraryform.PerhapsthefinestfloweringoffaitdiverswasinthereportsfiledbytheartcriticFelixFeneon1906.Hegavetheformmorewit,moreemotional____27____andformalperfection,thanithadhadbefore.Inhishands,itbecameironic,dark,andveryfunny.Hiscollectedfaitdivers,publishedinEnglishasNovelsinThreeLines,wasa(n)____28____tome.Itinspiredmetoundertake____29____projects.OnewasasequenceoffaitdiverssetincontemporaryNigeriaand_____30_____fromthenewspapersthere.TheotherwasbasedonstoriesfromNewYorkCity'snewspapersin1912:theNew-YorkTribune,theNewYorkHerald,theNewYorkTimes.Icalledmyprojectssmallfates."anacknowledgmentthatsomanyofthesestoriesare_____31_____aboutthestrangeworkingsofchance.OnecangodaysinNewYorkwithoutreallythinkingabouthow_____32_____thesestreetsoncewerebycrowdsofpeople,allofwhomarenowdead.Ifoundinwritingthesmallfatesthattheselong-goneNewYorkerssuddenlycamebacktothe_____33_____tensewhenyouarenotevenreadyforit.Thefinedetailsmadetheirlivesvividand_____34_____.Theywerenolonger_____35_____,andattimesseemedevenmorerealtomethanthelatter-dayoutsidemywindow.21.A.curious B.tiny C.ridiculous D.detailed22.A.tragedy B.coincidence C.imagination D.thriller23.A.turningup B.puttingup C.showingup D.takingup24.A.images B.imagination C.figures D.portraits25.A.motivative B.sudden C.original D.weak26.A.Though B.When C.Since D.Before27.A.expression B.peace C.health D.discomfort28.A.identification B.secret C.appeal D.approach29.A.aseriesof B.apairof C.acollectionof D.asetof30.A.received B.inspired C.eliminated D.drawn31.A.finally B.accidentally C.previously D.unexpectedly32.A.fascinating B.populated C.brilliant D.sophisticated33.A.previous B.future C.present D.past34.A.believable B.considerable C.understandable D.approachable35.A.deadly B.lonely C.lively D.ghostly【答案】21.B22.A23.D24.C25.C26.A27.D28.C29.B30.D31.A32.B33.C34.A35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一中名為FaitDiver的報(bào)紙專欄。它是一種（車禍、兇殺等）社會(huì)新聞欄，通常是一段或幾行的故事，包括一些典型的悲劇或者奇怪的事件。而其意義，又不止故事的記錄?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)于這些微小的故事，古老的法國報(bào)紙有一個(gè)解決方案：一個(gè)部分叫做faitdiverss：一段或幾行的故事。A.curious好奇的；B.tiny渺小的；C.ridiculous可笑的；D.detailed細(xì)節(jié)的。根據(jù)后文的“storiesofaparagraphorafewlines.”可知，這些是短小的（tiny）故事。故選B項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些簡短的故事是典型的悲劇或者奇怪的事件：火車事故，戀人間的爭(zhēng)吵，溺水，自殺。A.tragedy悲??；B.coincidence巧合；C.imagination想象力；D.thriller恐怖的事物。根據(jù)后文“oroddoccurrence:trainaccidents,lovers'quarrels,drownings,suicides.”中的例子可知，這些都是悲劇。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：faitdivers仍然是一種實(shí)用的形式，意在不占用太多空間的情況下傳達(dá)一個(gè)故事，但它也發(fā)展成為一種藝術(shù)。A.turningup調(diào)高；B.puttingup張貼；C.showingup出現(xiàn)；D.takingup拿起，占用。takeupspace為固定用法，意為“占空間”。根據(jù)前文“storiesofaparagraphorafewlines.”可知，faitdivers短小精悍，不占太多版面。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在法國文學(xué)中，它跨越了從低級(jí)文化到高級(jí)文化的界限，影響了諸如司湯達(dá)、福樓拜和加繆等各種各樣的人物形象的寫作，有時(shí)也是后來成為小說的最初靈感來源。A.images圖片；B.imagination想象力；C.figures人物；D.portraits畫像。根據(jù)后文“asvariedasStendha（司湯達(dá)）,Flauber（福樓拜）,andCamus（加繆）”中舉出的作家名字可知，此處指作家創(chuàng)作的人物形象。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在法國文學(xué)中，它跨越了從低級(jí)文化到高級(jí)文化的界限，影響了諸如司湯達(dá)、福樓拜和加繆等各種各樣的人物形象的寫作，有時(shí)也是后來成為小說的最初靈感來源。A.motivative激勵(lì)的；B.sudden突然的；C.original原始的；D.weak脆弱的。根據(jù)空后的“inspirationforwhatlaterbecameanovel”中的inspiration及l(fā)ater可推知，此處指最初的（original）靈感。故選C項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然它的一個(gè)版本出現(xiàn)在美國的報(bào)紙上，但它從來沒有作為一種文學(xué)形式在英國媒體上流行起來。A.Though雖然；B.When當(dāng)…時(shí)候；C.Since自從；D.Before在…之前。分析前后句句意可知，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用though連接。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：比起以前，他賦予這種形式更多的智慧，更多的情感上的不適和形式上的完美。A.expression印象；B.peace平靜；C.health健康；D.discomfort不舒服。根據(jù)后文“Inhishands,itbecameironic,dark,andveryfunny.”中的dark可知，情感上應(yīng)該是更加不適。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的作品集《三行小說集》以英文出版，對(duì)我很有吸引力。A.identification識(shí)別，身份；B.secret秘密；C.appeal吸引；D.approach接近。anappealto為固定用法，意為“對(duì)…有吸引力”。故選C項(xiàng)。【29題詳解】考查名詞短語辨析。句意：它啟發(fā)了我去進(jìn)行兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目。A.aseriesof一系列；B.apairof一副，一對(duì)；C.acollectionof集合；D.asetof一組，一套。根據(jù)后文的“OnewasasequenceoffaitdiverssetincontemporaryNigeriaand____10____fromthenewspapersthere.TheotherwasbasedonstoriesfromNewYorkCity'snewspapersin1912:”中的one以及theother可知，此處提到兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目。apairof符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：其中一個(gè)是當(dāng)代尼日利亞的一系列faitdivers場(chǎng)景，這些場(chǎng)景是從當(dāng)?shù)氐膱?bào)紙上摘錄下來的。A.received收到；B.inspired鼓舞；C.eliminated排除；D.drawn提取。drawfrom為固定用法，意為“從…提取”，符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：承認(rèn)這么多的故事最終都是關(guān)于奇怪的概率的運(yùn)作機(jī)制。A.finally最終；B.accidentally意外的；C.previously之前的；D.unexpectedly不可預(yù)料的。根據(jù)語境前文的“Icalledmyprojectssmallfates”可推知，作者最終（finally）將這些歸結(jié)于概率的運(yùn)作。其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在紐約的日子里，人們可以不去想這些街道曾經(jīng)是如何擠滿人群的，現(xiàn)在這些人都已經(jīng)死了。A.fascinating引人入勝的；B.populated擁擠的；C.brilliant優(yōu)秀的；D.sophisticated老練的，精密的。根據(jù)后文的“bycrowdsofpeople”中的crowd可知，作者此處指曾經(jīng)大街上擠滿了人群。故選B項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我在寫這些小命運(yùn)的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些早已離去的紐約人在你還沒有準(zhǔn)備好的時(shí)候，突然又回到了現(xiàn)在。A.previous之前的；B.future未來的；C.present當(dāng)前的；D.past過去的。根據(jù)前文“theselong-goneNewYorkerssuddenlycameback”中的comeback可知，這些早已消失的人，仿佛突然又回到了現(xiàn)在（present）。故選C項(xiàng)。【34題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：精美的細(xì)節(jié)使他們的生活栩栩如生，令人信服。A.believable可信的；B.considerable相當(dāng)大的；C.understandable可以理解的；D.approachable平易近人的。根據(jù)后文的“Theywerenolonger____15____,andattimesseemedevenmorerealtomethanthelatter-dayoutsidemywindow.”中的real可推知，這些人變得很真實(shí)，很可信。故選A項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：它們不再像幽靈一樣，有時(shí)對(duì)我來說，甚至比窗外的現(xiàn)代生活更加真實(shí)。A.deadly致命的；B.lonely孤單的；C.lively生動(dòng)的；D.ghostly鬼魂的。根據(jù)前文“allofwhomarenowdead”可知，以前死去的人應(yīng)該是ghostly。故選D項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)TheUndergoingWelfareReformWhilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalreadybeenjudgedagreatsuccessinmanystates--atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It'sestimatedthatmorethan2millionpeoplehavelefttherollssince1994.Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthens"Morepeoplearegettingjobs,butit'snotmakingtheirlivesanybetter,"saysKathyLairn,apolicyanalystattheCenteronBudgetandPolicyPrioritiesinWashington.AcenteranalysisofUSCensusdatanationwidefoundthatlastyear,agreaterpercentageofsingle,female-headedhouseholdswereearningmoneyontheirown,butthataverageincomeforthesehouseholdsactuallywentdown.Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithoutgovernmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory."Welfarewasapoison.Itwasatoxinthatwaspoisoningthefamily,"saysRobertRector,awelfare-reformpolicyanalyst."Thereformischangingthemoralclimateinlow-incomecommunities.It'sbeginningtorebuildtheworkethic,whichismuchmoreimportant."Mr.Rectorandothersarguedthatonce"thehabitofdependencyiscracked,"thenthecountrycanmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards.36.Whydon'tpeopleenjoytheirlivesbetterwhentheygetjobs?A.Becausetheyareusedtorelyingonwelfaretomakelivings.B.Becausethecostoflivingishigherthanbefore.C.Becausemanyfamiliesarenotsatisfiedwiththeirincome.D.Becausetheirwagesareverylow.37.Fromthepassageweknowthatthereconstructionofisthecoreofthereform.A.governmentaids B.workethicC.welfarefunds D.moralawareness38.FromtheexampleoftheAthensCountry,weknowgreateffortsshouldbemadeforthepoorto________.A.improvetheirlivingstandards B.helpthembeemployedC.getthemoffwelfare. D.increasetheirwage39.Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthattheauthor.A.iscompletelycertainaboutthesuccessofwelfarereformB.thinksthatwelfarereformhasdonelittlegoodforthepoorC.considerswelfarereformsuccessfulonthewholeD.insistswelfarereformhasincreasedthegovernment'sburden【答案】36.D37.B38.A39.C【解析】【分析】分析本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國正在進(jìn)行的社會(huì)福利改革?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthensCountyhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthepeoplewholeftinthepasttwoyearstookjobsthatpaidlessthan$6anhour.”（在過去的四年里，AthensCounty的福利人數(shù)減少了一半。但在過去兩年里，不再受救濟(jì)的人中，有70%的人從事的是每小時(shí)不到6美元的工作。）可知，雖然人們找到了工作，但收入太低以至于他們生活仍然貧困。因此“Becausetheirwagesareverylow.”（因?yàn)樗麄兊墓べY很低。）符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Thereformischangingthemoralclimateinlow-incomecommunities.It'sbeginningtorebuildtheworkethic,whichismuchmoreimportant.”（改革正在改變低收入社區(qū)的道德風(fēng)氣。它開始重建工作觀念，這是更重要的。）可知，重塑低收入工作者們的工作觀念是最改革的核心任務(wù)。因此“workethic”（工作觀念）符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheAthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmorethan30percent--twicethenationalaverage.Foradvocatesforthepoor,that'sanindicationthatmuchmoreneedstobedone.”（AthensCounty的貧困率仍然保持在30%以上，是全國平均水平的兩倍。對(duì)于窮人的倡導(dǎo)者來說，這意味著需要做更多的工作。）可知，AthensCounty的貧困率很高，說明人們的生活水平很低。以及最后一段中“thenthecountrycanmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards.”（然后國家可以做出其他旨在提高生活水平的政策改變。）可知，國家的福利政策就是為了提高人民的生活水平。因此“improvetheirlivingstandards”（提升他們的生活水平）符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalreadybeenjudgedagreatsuccessinmanystates--atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It'sestimatedthatmorethan2millionpeoplehavelefttherollssince1994.”（雖然福利改革還處于早期階段，在許多州就已經(jīng)被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)巨大的成功——至少在使人們擺脫福利方面是這樣。據(jù)估計(jì)，自1994年以來，有超過200萬人脫離了救濟(jì)名冊(cè)。）可推斷出，福利改革制度雖然還處于早期，但是已經(jīng)改變了人們的思想觀念，使人們不再心安理得的接受救濟(jì)，這本身就是一個(gè)勝利，所以作者認(rèn)為福利改革總體上是成功。因此“considerswelfarereformsuccessfulonthewhole.”（認(rèn)為福利改革總體上是成功的。）符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。(B)ApplyforaTaxFileNumberEverybodywhoreceivesanyincomeinAustralianeedsaTaxFileNumber.Incomeincludeswagesorsalaryfromajob,moneyearnedfrominvestments,andgovernmentpayments.RegisterwithMedicareTheAustralianGovernmentprovideshelpwithmedicalexpensesthroughaschemecalledMedicare.Youmaybeeligible（有資格的）tojoinMedicareandgainimmediateaccesstohealth-careservicesandprogramssuchasfreepublichospitalcare,helpwiththecostofout-of-hospitalcareandsubsidizedmedicines.Toregister,youshouldwaitapproximatelytenworkingdaysafteryourarrivalandthengotoaMedicareofficewithyourpassportortraveldocuments.Ifyouneedtoseeadoctorurgently,youcanregisterwithMedicarewithoutwaitingtendays.MedicarehasaWelcomeKitwhichistranslatedinto16differentlanguages.ItexplainsMedicareandothergovernmenthealthservicesandtheeligibilityrequirements.ThisbookletisavailablefromMedicareofficesoryoucanreaditontheinternet.OpenabankaccountPeopleinAustraliausuallykeeptheirmoneyinabank,buildingsocietyorcreditunion.Itisadvisabletoopenabankaccountwithinsixweeksofyourarrival,asduringthistimeyouusuallyneedonlyyourpassportasidentification.Aftersixweeks,youwillneedadditionalidentificationtoopenanaccount.RegisterwithCentrelinkNewlyarrivedresidentscanregisterwiththegovernmentagencycalledCentrelinktogethelpwithlookingforwork,havingoverseasskillsrecognized,andaccessingrelevantcourses.CentrelinkalsohasanapplicationformforTaxFileNumbersandcanassistyoutolodgeyourapplicationwiththeTaxOffice.RegisterforEnglishclassesEnglishlanguagecoursesfornewarrivalsinAustraliaareprovidedundertheAdultMigrantEnglishProgram.AsanewresidentyoumaybeentitledtoreceivefreeEnglishlanguagetuitionofupto510hours.Getadriver'slicenseIfyouareapermanentresidentvisaholderandhaveacurrentdriver'slicensefromanothercountry,inEnglishorwithanofficialtranslation,youareallowedtodriveforyourfirstthreemonthsafterarrival.Afterthat,youwillneedtohavetheappropriateAustraliandriver'slicense.Togetone,youusuallyneedtopassaknowledgetest,apracticaltest,andaneyesighttest.Licensesfromsomeoverseascountriesdonotrequireapracticaltest.40.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMedicare?A.Allhealth-careservicesarefreeforpeopleregistered.B.Medicaredoesn'tcoverservicesoutsidehospitals.C.ThereisachargeforWelcomeRitbooklets.D.It'spossibletoregisterwithinaweekafterone'sarrival.41.Newarrivalscanenjoythefollowingprivilegesexcept________.A.aperiodoffreelinguisticinstructionB.upgradingdrivinglicenseswithoutextratestsC.part-of-the-cost-paidmedicinesD.gettingskillqualificationacceptedofficially42.Wheredoesthepassagemostprobablycomefrom?A.AguidebookpublishedbytheAustralianGovernment.B.AnadvertisementinanAustralianmagazine.C.AbookletonmedicalservicesinAustralia.D.Anarticleintroducinghowtosavemoneyoverseas.【答案】40.D41.B42.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹到達(dá)澳大利亞后如何申請(qǐng)稅務(wù)檔案號(hào)碼【40題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RegisterwithMedicare中“Toregister,youshouldwaitapproximatelytenworkingdaysafteryourarrival（您需要在抵達(dá)后大約10個(gè)工作日后才能注冊(cè)）”和“Ifyouneedtoseeadoctorurgently,youcanregisterwithMedicarewithoutwaitingtendays.（如果你急需看醫(yī)生，你可以注冊(cè)醫(yī)保，不用等十天）”，可知，關(guān)于Medicare可以在到達(dá)后一周內(nèi)注冊(cè)。故選D?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Getadriver'slicense中“Afterthat,youwillneedtohavetheappropriateAustraliandriver'slicense.Togetone,youusuallyneedtopassaknowledgetest,apracticaltest,andaneyesighttest.Licensesfromsomeoverseascountriesdonotrequireapracticaltest.（在那之后，你將需要有合適的澳大利亞駕照。要獲得駕照，你通常需要通過一項(xiàng)知識(shí)測(cè)試、一項(xiàng)實(shí)踐測(cè)試和一項(xiàng)視力測(cè)試。一些海外國家的駕照不需要實(shí)際考試）”，可知，新抵澳大利亞人士需要考試可升級(jí)駕駛執(zhí)照，故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“EverybodywhoreceivesanyincomeinAustralianeedsaTaxFileNumber.Incomeincludeswagesorsalaryfromajob,moneyearnedfrominvestments,andgovernmentpayments.（在澳大利亞，每個(gè)有收入的人都需要一個(gè)稅務(wù)檔案號(hào)。收入包括工作的工資、投資所得和政府支付）”，可知，這篇文章很可能來自澳大利亞政府出版的旅游指南。故選A。(C)Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobeobservedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheirwork.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguous(模糊不清的)andcomplicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelifeexperience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkourexperiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,andself-deceptionareplentiful.Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasproto-science(原始科學(xué)).Similartonewminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Butittakescollectiveexaminationandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher'sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity'sanyone,anywhere,anytime.Objectiveknowledgeisthegoal,notthestartingpoint.Onceadiscoveryclaimbecomespublic,thediscovererreceivesintellectualcredit.But,unlikewithminingclaims,thecommunitytakescontrolofwhathappensnext.Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescientificcommunity,researchersmakediscoveries;editorsandreviewersactasgatekeepersbycontrollingthepublicationprocess;otherscientistsusethenewfindingtosuittheirownpurposes;andfinally,thepublic(includingotherscientists)receivesthenewdiscoveryandpossiblyaccompanyingtechnology.Asadiscoveryclaimworksitthroughthecommunity,theinteractionandconfrontationbetweensharedandcompetingbeliefsaboutthescienceandthetechnologyinvolvedtransformsanindividual'sdiscoveryclaimintothecommunity'scrediblediscovery.Twoparadoxesexistthroughoutthiscredibilityprocess.First,scientificworktendstofocusonsomeaspectofcommonknowledgethatisviewedasincompleteorincorrect.Littlerewardaccompaniesthecopyingandconfirmationofwhatisalreadyknownandbelieved.Thegoalisnew-searchnotre-search.Notsurprisingly,newlypublisheddiscoveryclaimsandcrediblediscoveriesthatappeartobeimportantandconvincingwillalwaysbeopentochallengeandpotentialmodificationorrefutation(駁斥)byfutureresearchers.Second,noveltyitselffrequentlyprovokesdisbelief.NobelLaureateandphysiologistAlbertSzent-Gyorgyioncedescribeddiscoveryas“seeingwhateverybodyhasseenandthinkingwhatnobodyhasthought”.Butthinkingwhatnobodyelsehasthoughtandtellingotherswhattheyhavemissedmaynotchangetheirviews.Sometimesyearsarerequiredfortrulynoveldiscoveryclaimstobeacceptedandappreciated.Intheend,credibility“happens”toadiscoveryclaim—aprocessthatcorrespondstowhatphilosopherAnnetteBaierhasdescribedasthecommonsofthemind.“Wereasontogether,challenge,revise,andcompleteeachother'sreasoningandeachother'sconceptionsofreasons.”43.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatcredibilityprocessrequires________.A.strictinspection B.sharedeffortsC.individualwisdom D.persistentinnovation44.Paragraph3showsthatadiscoveryclaimbecomescredibleafterit________.A.hasattractedtheattentionofthegeneralpublicB.hasbeenfrequentlyquotedbypeerscientistsC.hasreceivedrecognitionfromeditorsandreviewersD.hasbeenexaminedbythescientificcommunity45.AlbertSzent-Gyorgyiwouldmostlikelyagreethat________.A.scientificclaimswillsurvivechallengesB.scientificworkcallsforacriticalmindC.effortstomakediscoveriesarejustifiedD.discoveriestodayinspirefutureresearch46.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.NoveltyasanEngineofScientificDevelopment.B.CollectiveExaminationinScientificDiscovery.C.EvolutionofCredibilityinDoingScience.D.ChallengetoCredibilityattheGatetoScience.【答案】43.B44.D45.B46.C【解析】【分析】這一篇說明文。作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明應(yīng)該被認(rèn)為是原始科學(xué)。【43題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Butittakescollectiveexaminationandacceptancetotransformadiscoveryclaimintoamaturediscovery.Thisisthecredibilityprocess,throughwhichtheindividualresearcher'sme,here,nowbecomesthecommunity'sanyone,anywhere,anytime.”（一項(xiàng)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明要變?yōu)槌墒斓目茖W(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，需要集體的詳細(xì)審查和認(rèn)可。這就是可信性的證實(shí)過程，在這個(gè)過程中，單個(gè)研究者的“我”、“這里”和“現(xiàn)在”變成了科學(xué)界里的“任何人”、“任何地方”和“任何時(shí)間”。）可知，可信度論證過程需要科學(xué)家們的共同的努力。故選B項(xiàng)。【44題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Withinthecomplexsocialstructureofthescien