專題17閱讀理解

目錄

明晰學(xué)考要求錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)梳理錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

考點(diǎn)精講講練2

考點(diǎn)一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題2

考點(diǎn)二：推理判斷題3

考點(diǎn)三：詞義猜測(cè)題4

考點(diǎn)四：主旨大意題5

實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力訓(xùn)練錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽。

1.熟練語篇類型和語篇結(jié)構(gòu)

2.明確命題規(guī)律和提問方式

3.掌握不同題型的解題方法

（一）整體理解

題型多樣且關(guān)聯(lián)緊密：閱讀理解包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測(cè)題、主旨大意題等多種題

型，它們從不同角度考查考生對(duì)語篇的理解能力，且各題型之間存在一定關(guān)聯(lián)，比如準(zhǔn)確理解細(xì)節(jié)有助

于把握文章主旨，而主旨大意又能為推理判斷等提供方向。

能力綜合要求高：不僅需要考生具備詞匯、語法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，還要求能運(yùn)用各種閱讀技巧，如略讀、

尋讀，準(zhǔn)確把握語篇結(jié)構(gòu)、命題規(guī)律，根據(jù)不同題型特點(diǎn)靈活運(yùn)用相應(yīng)解題方法，同時(shí)要善于進(jìn)行語義

轉(zhuǎn)換和邏輯推理。

（二）重點(diǎn)關(guān)注方向

信息精準(zhǔn)定位與比對(duì)：對(duì)于細(xì)節(jié)理解題，無論是直接信息題還是間接信息題，關(guān)鍵在于能依據(jù)題干

準(zhǔn)確提取關(guān)鍵詞，快速在文中定位相關(guān)信息，并仔細(xì)比對(duì)選項(xiàng)與原文細(xì)節(jié)，注意同義替換、信息歸納等

正確選項(xiàng)特征以及張冠李戴、無中生有等干擾選項(xiàng)特征。

推理判斷依據(jù)：推理判斷題要嚴(yán)格依據(jù)閱讀材料所提供信息進(jìn)行推斷，關(guān)注作者的用詞、語氣以及

文章的主旨，區(qū)分不同類型的推理判斷題（如細(xì)節(jié)推理、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推理、寫作意圖推理），明確各類型

的解題要點(diǎn)和常見命題方式。

詞義猜測(cè)技巧運(yùn)用：掌握多種詞義猜測(cè)技巧，如根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋、同位關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法、因果

關(guān)系、指代關(guān)系、同義或近義關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系等進(jìn)行合理推測(cè)，同時(shí)要結(jié)合文章語境準(zhǔn)確判斷詞

義。

主旨大意提煉：針對(duì)主旨大意題的不同類型（標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題、段落大意題），要理解標(biāo)

題特點(diǎn)，掌握確定文章標(biāo)題的方法，學(xué)會(huì)通過找主題句（利用轉(zhuǎn)折詞、首段疑問句、重復(fù)觀點(diǎn)等小竅門）

或歸納段落邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)等方式來提煉文章及段落的主旨大意。

（一）細(xì)節(jié)理解題

題型特點(diǎn)：

設(shè)問方式多樣：包括特殊疑問句形式（以when,where,what等疑問詞引出）、判斷是非形式（含

TRUE/FALSE等）、以“Accordingto...”開頭的提問形式以及填空形式。

正確選項(xiàng)特征：

同義替換（關(guān)鍵詞、詞性、語態(tài)等變換）、信息歸納、正話反說、原文原詞。

指對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutof

同義替換work。有些細(xì)節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important變換成

ofimportance；改變?cè)闹芯渥拥恼Z態(tài)，如主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

信息歸納用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。

正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。

原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項(xiàng)。

干擾選項(xiàng)特征：張冠李戴、無中生有、曲解文意、顛倒是非、正誤參半。

張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。

無中生有符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。

曲解文意與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng)。

顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。

正誤參半部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。

解題方法：

直接信息題：采用“關(guān)鍵詞定位法”，先從題干中提取名詞、動(dòng)詞、數(shù)詞等關(guān)鍵詞，然后運(yùn)用略讀

及尋讀技巧在文中定位相關(guān)信息，最后比對(duì)選項(xiàng)與原文細(xì)節(jié)確定答案。

1.依據(jù)題干信息，擇定位關(guān)鍵詞

細(xì)節(jié)理解直接信息題一般是對(duì)文章局部?jī)?nèi)容的考查,且題目相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,所以,不必通篇細(xì)讀全文,可先

通過題干信息來選擇定位關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞主要是題干中的名詞、動(dòng)詞和數(shù)詞,即問題的核心信息

2.依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞,回原文定位信息進(jìn)行比對(duì)

確定了定位關(guān)鍵詞后,運(yùn)用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與題于有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞,回到原文進(jìn)行

信息定位,然后將選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文信息比對(duì),得出正確答案。

間接信息題：命題隱蔽性強(qiáng)，需將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換、加工或整理，再比對(duì)選

項(xiàng)確定答案。

相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強(qiáng)，正確選項(xiàng)一般都會(huì)在原文基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改造。此類題目需要考

生將題目信息與原文相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行語義上的轉(zhuǎn)換，有時(shí)還需要進(jìn)一步的加工或整理。

概括、歸納信息題：依據(jù)題干找到文中相應(yīng)信息區(qū)間，用自己的語言歸納總結(jié)文中信息，然后挑

選與歸納內(nèi)容最接近的選項(xiàng)作為答案。

是指命題人用精煉的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，這是命題人設(shè)計(jì)細(xì)節(jié)理解題的正確

選項(xiàng)時(shí)經(jīng)常使用的手段之一?？忌紫葢?yīng)依據(jù)題干指向，找到文中相應(yīng)的信息區(qū)間，然后嘗試用自己的

語言去歸納總結(jié)文中的信息或事實(shí)，然后再看選項(xiàng)，挑選出和自己所歸納總結(jié)的信息最接近的選項(xiàng)作為

正確答案。

（二）推理判斷題

題型分類及特點(diǎn)：

細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題：要求根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，常借助短文提供信息或生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行推理，注

意題干中常用的如infer、indicate等動(dòng)詞。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________.

Comparedwithothersimilarproducts,thenewdesign________.

Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.

Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/impliesthat________.

觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度推理判斷題：

文章的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論推理判斷題：推測(cè)文中某一觀點(diǎn)需把握全文中心思想，因?yàn)榇我^點(diǎn)支撐主要

論點(diǎn)。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

·Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?

·Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?

·Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat________.

作者態(tài)度、語氣推理判斷題：通過作者措詞、感情色彩判斷，常見褒義詞、貶義詞、中性詞等表

述。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

·Theattitudeoftheauthortowardssomebody/somethingis________.

·Theauthor’sattitudetowards...canbebestdescribedas________.

·Thetoneofthispassageisbestdescribedas________.

寫作意圖推理判斷題：揣測(cè)作者寫作意圖及運(yùn)用寫作手法的目的，要求考生理解文章大意并能歸

納總結(jié)、分析作者闡述問題的方法。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

Themainpurposeofthistextis________.

What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthisarticle?

Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismainlywrittenfor________.

Theauthorwritesthispassageto________.

Theauthorinthispassageintendsto________.

解題要點(diǎn)：嚴(yán)格按閱讀材料信息推斷，避免摻雜個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)等；注意選項(xiàng)是否為材料簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)而非推

斷結(jié)論；關(guān)注文中虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；客觀對(duì)待作者敘述事實(shí)，避免主觀推斷；甄別細(xì)節(jié)是否與原文

相符。

（三）詞義猜測(cè)題

考查內(nèi)容：對(duì)單詞、短語或句子意義的推斷，包括生詞、熟詞新義以及替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷，

需根據(jù)短文語境推測(cè)。

猜詞技巧：

根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋猜測(cè)：利用逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)等后的解釋判斷詞義。

根據(jù)同位關(guān)系猜測(cè)：通過緊跟難詞后的同位語解釋來猜測(cè)詞義。

根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)：依據(jù)前綴、后綴、派生等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)推測(cè)詞義。

根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)：根據(jù)原因預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果或由結(jié)果找出原因來確定詞義。

根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測(cè)：明確文章中代詞指代的人或物，有時(shí)需總結(jié)前文內(nèi)容得出指代對(duì)象。

根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系猜測(cè)：利用同句、同段或同篇文章中意思相同或相近的詞來猜測(cè)詞義。

根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系猜測(cè)：依據(jù)上下句連接詞（如but、however等）判斷邏輯關(guān)系，從而確定詞

義。

（四）主旨大意題

題型分類及設(shè)問方式：

標(biāo)題歸納題：常見設(shè)問如“Thebesttitleofthepassageis...”等，要求選出能準(zhǔn)確概括文章主旨且具

概括性、針對(duì)性、醒目性的標(biāo)題。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

Thebesttitleofthepassageis________.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

·Themostappropriatetitleofthepassageis______.

文章大意題：常見設(shè)問如“What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?”等，需通過找主題句（利用轉(zhuǎn)

折詞、首段疑問句、重復(fù)觀點(diǎn)等方法）或歸納段落中心思想來確定文章整體中心思想。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

What'sthemainidea/pointofthepassage?

·Thepassageismainlyabout________.

·Thepassageismainlyconcernedabout________.

·Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

段落大意題：常見設(shè)問如“WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?”等，可通過概括段落邏輯結(jié)

構(gòu)（總分、分總、分總分等）或揣摩作者暗示來歸納段落大意。

該類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：

WhatdoestheauthortellusinParagraph...?

Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis________.

Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout________.

WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizePara.1?

Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

解題要點(diǎn)：理解標(biāo)題特點(diǎn)，掌握確定文章標(biāo)題的正面肯定法、反面否定法、研讀備選項(xiàng)本身等方法；

學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用瀏覽法快速找到主題句；準(zhǔn)確概括段落邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)以歸納段落大意。

例題精練，舉一反三

（一）細(xì)節(jié)理解題示例

A

TheBiggestStadiumsintheWorld

PeoplehavebeenpouringintostadiumssincethedaysofancientGreece.Inaround8A.Q.,theRomansbuilt

theColosseum,whichremainstheworld'sbestknownstadiumarecontinuestoinformcontemporarydesign.

Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.However,thatwassmallfry

comparedwiththecity’sCircusMaximus,whichaccommodatedaround250,000people.

Thesedays,safetyregulations-nottomentionthemodernsportsfan’sdesireforagoodviewanda

comfortableseat-tendtokeepstadiumcapacities（容量）slightlylower.Evensoccerfanstendtohaveaseateach;

gonearethedaysofthousandsstandingtowatchthematch.

Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasuppliedbytheWorldAtlaslistsofar,whichranks

thembytheirstatedpermanentcapacity,aswellasupdatedinformationfromofficialstadiumwebsites.

Allthesestadiumsarestillfunctional,stillopenandstillhostingthebiggesteventsinworldsport.

?Rungrado1stofMayStadium,Pyongyang,D.P.R-Korea.Capacity.150,000.Opened.May1,1989.

?MichiganStadium,AnnArbor,Michigan,U.S.Capacity:107,601.Opened.October1,1927.

?BeaverStadium,StateCollege,Pennsylvania,U.S.Capacity:106,572.Opened:September17,1960.

?OhioStadium,Columbus,Ohio,U.S.Capacity:104,944.Opened:October7,1922.

?KyleField,CollegeStation,Texas,U.S.Capacity:102,512.Opened:September24,1927.

21.HowmanypeoplecouldtheCircusMaximushold?

A.104,944.B.107,601.C.About150,000.D.About250,000.

22.Ofthefollowingstadiums,whichistheoldest?

A.MichiganStadium.

B.BeaverStadium.

C.OhioStadium.

D.KyleField.

B

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberries

containalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質(zhì)),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularly

highinantioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)).Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoids

weturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?

However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

…

24．Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A．Theycontainprotein.

B．TheyarehighinvitaminA.

C．Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

D．Theyarerichinantioxidants.

C

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.The

generalruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzones

havelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa

2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.The

mediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenby

fewerpeoplethanthat.

…

30．Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A．About6,800.B．About3,400.

C．About2,400.D．About1,200.

（二）推理判斷題示例

D

Wemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyand

new,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbad

newsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthe

neweronesthatdothesamethings.

…

32．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A．Theyareenvironment-friendly.

B．Theyarenobetterthantheold.

C．Theycostmoretouseathome.

D．Theygooutofstylequickly.

E

We'veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,

deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.

…

32．Whatphenomenonisdescribedinthefirstparagraph?

A．Addictiontosmartphones.

B．Inappropriatebehavioursinpublicplaces.

C．Absenceofcommunicationbetweenstrangers.

D．Impatiencewithslowservice.

F

[1]ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennature'sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.These

colourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.

[2]Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberries

containalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質(zhì)),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularly

highinantioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)).Theyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoids

weturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?

However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

[3]Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,

coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuch

sweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffresh

lemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingon

theirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.

[4]Ifyouhavea_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa

“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylove

feedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.

27．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A．Abiologytextbook.B．Ahealthmagazine.

C．Aresearchpaper.D．Atravelbrochure.

（三）詞義猜測(cè)題示例

G

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoo

becamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthe

nation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications

inthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,

SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?

A．Complex.B．Advanced.

C．Powerful.D．Modern.

H

IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51have

beenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細(xì)胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat's

howlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻(xiàn)者)tothetimetheycanbe

implantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?

A．providerB．deliveryman

C．collectorD．medicaldoctor

I

[2]Despitethecelebrations,though,intheU．S.thejazzaudiencecontinuestoshrinkandgrowolder,andthe

musichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.

[3]It'sJasonMoran'sjobtohelpchangethat.AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz,Moranhopesto

widentheaudienceforjazz,makethemusicmoreaccessible,andpreserveitshistoryandculture.

…

29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?

A．Jazzbecomingmoreaccessible.

B．Theproductionofjazzgrowingfaster.

C．Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.

D．Thejazzaudiencebecominglarger.

（四）主旨大意題示例

J

GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheis

cookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatight

budget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbutt

offerstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGood

MorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,

preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.

“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant，”she

explains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,

sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethis

foodourselves.”

Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:

GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.

Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeach

week.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.

Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.

27．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．KeepingFitbyEatingSmart

B．BalancingOurDailyDiet

C．MakingYourselfaPerfectChef

D．CookingWellforLess

K

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenless

comingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)

groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat

10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetween

them.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoo

becamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthe

nation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications

inthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,

SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.The

generalruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzones

havelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa

2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.The

mediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenby

fewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderly

speakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),Lipan

ApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseems

tohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

31．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A．Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B．People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

C．Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D．Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

L

TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanycloser

toitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,four

wheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeight

minuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23-gallontank

ofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

…

28．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.

記敘文部分（A-E）

A

（2024高二下·湖南·學(xué)業(yè)考試）14-year-oldLeanneFanfromSanDiego,California,wasnamedthegrand

prizewinnerofthe20223MYoungScientistChallenge,thenation’stopmiddleschoolsciencecompetition.

LeanneFandevelopedtheFinsenHeadphones,alow-costheadphonedevicethatusesmachinelearningand

bluelighttherapy(療法)todetectandtreatmid-earinfections(感染)inchildren—potentiallypreventingupto

60%ofhearinglossinchildren.Theworldsees700millioncasesofmid-earinfectionseveryyear.Fanhopesthat

thiscanbeaneffectiveandlow-costtreatmentoptionforthethousandswhoareaffected.

FanwasinspiredtocreatetheheadphonesthreeyearsagowhilelearningaboutNielsFinsen,whowonthe

NobelPrizein1903afterinventinglighttherapytotreatbacterial(細(xì)菌的)infections.“Ithought,‘Thisisan

amazingidea,andIcanapplyittosomethingelseinmydailylife,’”Fansaid.

Fantookhomethetopprize,earningthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”and$25,000.Sheis

planningtousesomeoftheprizemoneytostartthepatentprocessfortheheadphones.Fanisoptimisticthatthe

FinsenHeadphoneswillbeabletohelppeopleinthenearfuture.

“Beingpartofthe3MYoungScientistChallengewasabsolutelythebestpartofmyyear,”Fansaid.“Icould

meetscientiststhataremyageandgoingfortheirdreamstoo,andmadesomefriends.”Shehopestoinspireother

girlswhowanttobecomeinventors.“Evenasmallideacangofar,”shesaid.“Ihadanideatousebluelighttokill

bacteriaandthreeyearslater,I’mhere.”

1．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A．Thecostoftheheadphonedevice.B．Theprocessofbluelighttherapy.

C．Thedescriptionoftheheadphones.D．Thecasesofmid-earinfections.

2．WhatinspiredLeanneFantocreatetheheadphones?

A．Herowndailylife.

B．HerdesirefortheNobelPrize.

C．Thefactsofbacterialinfections.

D．NielsFinsen’sinventionoflighttherapy.

3．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeFan?

A．Outgoing.B．Patient.C．Creative.D．Hardworking.

4．WhatcanwelearnfromFan’sstory?

A．Evenasmallideacangofar.B．Manyhandsmakelightwork.

B

（2024高二下·湖北·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Everydayforthelastthreeyears,millionaire(百萬富翁)ZhongCongrong

haspickeduprubbishinhisneighborhoodandspreadtheenvironmentalawarenesstotheresidentsofChongqing.

Infact,theChongqingbusinessman’santi-litteringcampaignwasinspiredbyafamilytriptoHainanduring

ChineseNewYearin2015.There,hemetaretiredprofessorfromTsinghuaUniversitywhohadbeenpickingup

rubbishalongthebeachforfouryears.Zhongstartedcopyingthepracticearoundhishomethedayafterhe

returnedfromvacation.

Zhongencourageshisemployees—whoarelikelytobegiven10-yuanfinesiftheylitteratwork—tojoin

hiscampaign,too.Butheknowsthattheproblemcan’tbesolvedquickly,andthatbroadermeasuresmustbe

carriedouttoachievelong-termsuccess.

Atfirst,Zhong’swifeandchildrenfeltembarrassedbyhisbehavior.Forawhile,theyevenrefusedtowalk

nexttohiminpublic.Later,however,theirattitudeschanged,astheyrealizedthattheirneighborhoodwasindeed

becomingcleaner,andZhongwasbeingpraisedbytheirneighbors.Now,Zhong’swifehasbecomeananti-littering

campaignerherself.

“Theenvironmentremainsdirtynomatterhowmanyrubbishcollectorsthereare,”Zhongsaid.“Theonly

solutionistoremindpeopleoftheresultsoflitteringandhopethatitmightchangetheirbehavior.”

5．WhatmadeZhongCongrongdecidetopickuprubbish?

A．AtriptoHainan.B．Abusinessmeeting.C．Aprofessor’slecture.

6．WhatdoesZhongdoifhisemployeeslitteratwork?

A．Shoutatthem.B．Firethematonce.C．Punishthem.

7．WhatwasZhong’swife’sattitudetohisbehavioratfirst?

A．Angry.B．Joyful.C．Ashamed.

8．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?

A．ZhongCongrongandHisBigDream

B．AMillionaireWhoPicksUpRubbish

C．AMillionaireandHisEnvironmentalGroups

C

（2023高一下·吉林·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Inafewminutes,schoolwastostart.Mysix-year-oldson,Dustin,was

crying.“Idon’twanttogo,”hesaid.Eversincehe’denteredfirstgrade,hehadhatedschool.“What’sgoingon?If

hehatesschoolthismuchnow,howbadwillitbelateron?”Iwondered.Everykidsometimesdislikesschoolso

muchthatfivetotenpercentofthemdon’twanttoattend.“Ifachildseemsworriedoranxiousaboutschool,

pretendsillnesstostayhome,orwon’ttalkaboutthingsoftheschoolday,youshouldbeconcerned(關(guān)心),”saysa

schoolpsychologist(心理學(xué)家),MichaelMartin.

Luckily,youcanusuallysolvetheproblemsometimesveryeasily.Inourcase,myhusbandandIvisited

Dustin’sclassandnoticedthattheteacher,justoutofcollege,calledonlyonkidswhosatrightunderhernose,

Dustin,whooftensatneartheback,wasignored(忽視).Wesimplytoldhimtomovetothefront.Hedid,andhe

washappyagain.

9．Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhersondidn’twanttogotoschool?

A．Shefelthappy.B．Shefeltworried.

C．Shefeltnothingimportant.D．Shefelthopeful.

10．Whichofthefollowingshowsthatachildlikesgoingtoschool?

A．Hehatestotalkaboutschool.B．Hepretendstobeillatschooltime.

C．Heenjoysgoingtoschoolevenifheissick.D．Hefeelsanxiouswhengoingtoschooleveryday.

11．What’sthereasonwhyDustindislikesgoingtoschool?

A．Hefeelsignoredinclass.B．Heisafraidofhisteacher.

C．Heislaughedatbyhisclassmates.D．Hecan’tanswertheteacher’squestions.

D

（2024高二下·湖南婁底·學(xué)業(yè)考試）Agassiwasveryemotionalattheendofhisfinalgame.OnSeptember

3,theAmericantennisplayersaidatearfulgoodbyetohis21-yearcareerafterathird-rounddefeatintheUSOpen.

The36-year-oldtriedhisbest,butwasunabletokeepupwithGermanBenjaminBecker,morethantenyearshis

junior.

"ThescoreboardsaidIlosttoday,butwhatthescoreboarddoesn'tsayiswhatI'vefound,"Agassisaidtothe

fans."Ihavefoundinspirationandyouwilledmetosucceed."Itwasanemotionalspeechattheendofalong

career.Agassihatedtennisasateenagerasmuchashelovesitnow.Hisfathermadehimplaywhenhewasachild.

Hegotbored,andbecamearebe（l叛逆者）.Thestricttrainingthathisfatherpusheduponhimgotinthewayofhis

wildlifestyle.

Askedwhathewouldsaytohis17-year-oldself,Agassianswered,"Iwouldsay,Iunderstandyoualotmore

thanIwanttobeyou."

TheturningpointinAgassi'scareercamein1992whenheunexpectedlywonhisfirstGrandSlamat

Wimbledon.ItwasthefirsttimeAgassiunderstoodwhatrealchampionsfinallyunderstand:winningisatestof

nervesandnotjustpower;it'samarathon,notasprint（短跑）.

Agassiwasabouttobeginamarathon.Hecuthislonghair,gotfitterandtightenedupemotionally.Onthe

court,hewasrankedNo.1foralmosttwoyears.Hislowestpointcamein1997whenhisrankingdroppedtoNo.

141.Hedidn'tquitthough."IknewthatIwouldtrytogetthemostoutofmyselfeverydayfromthatdayforward.

Thatwasmypromise,"hesaid."Thatneverstopped."

12．WhywasAgassiveryemotionalwhensayinggoodbyetohiscareer?

A．Becausehelosttoanolderplayer.

B．Becausethiscareerhasbroughthimsomuch.

C．Becausehefeltsadforthebestplayer.

D．Becausehefeltsorryforhislifestyle.

13．Fromhisspeech,wecanseeth