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第八講
動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)中考考點知識清單
動詞的時態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時肯定形式①be動詞:am/is/are②實義動詞:動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式否定形式①am/is/are+not②don't/doesn't+動詞原形一般疑問式①am/is/are放于句首②do/does放于句首,實義動詞用原形用法:(1)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。常見的標(biāo)志詞有:often、sometimes、usually、always、twice
a
month、on
Sundays、everyweek/month/year等。(2)主將從現(xiàn)原則——由when、after、before、as
soon
as、if、unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中,主句如果是一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。如:I
will
call
you
as
soon
as
he
arrives
here.他一到這兒我就給你打電話。#7(3)無標(biāo)志詞時,以下情況用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。①表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)。如:I
am
a
student.
I
live
in
Shijiazhuang.我是一名學(xué)生,我住在石家莊。②表示普遍真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實。如:The
moon
moves
around
the
earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。#142.一般過去時#15肯定形式①be動詞:was/were②實義動詞的過去式(沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化)否定形式①was/were+not(??s略為wasn't/weren't)②did
not(??s略為didn't)+實義動詞原形一般疑問式①was/were放于句首②將did放于句首,實義動詞用原形用法:(1)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見的標(biāo)志詞有:justnow、ago、in
2015、last
night/week/month、this
morning、yesterday、the
day
before
yesterday等。(2)表示過去某段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。如:I
always
helped
him
with
his
English
when
I
was
a
student.當(dāng)我是學(xué)生時,我總是幫助他學(xué)英語。(3)在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為過去的某個時態(tài)時,從句的謂語動詞須用相應(yīng)的某種過去時態(tài)。如:I
didn't
understand
what
my
teacher
said.我不明白老師說的。(4)句子中沒有明確的表示過去的時間狀語,但實際上動作發(fā)生在過去或指的是過去存在的狀態(tài),應(yīng)該用一般過去時態(tài)。如:I
left
my
dictionary
at
home.
Can
I
use
yours?我的字典落在家里了。我可以用一下你的嗎?3.一般將來時肯定形式①will/shall+實義動詞原形②am/is/are
going
to+實義動詞原形,be隨主語人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化注意:①be
going
to
表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情,用于主觀判斷,含有“計劃;打算;準(zhǔn)備”的意思②shall常與第一人稱(I/we)連用,在肯定句中表示將要發(fā)生的動作;在疑問句中表示征求對方的意見否定形式①will/shall+not+實義動詞原形②am/is/are+not
going
to+實義動詞原形一般疑問式①will/shall提到句首,實義動詞用原形②be(am/is/are)放于句首,實義動詞用原形用法:(1)表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見的時間狀語標(biāo)志詞有:tomorrow、from
now
on、soon、in
the
future、nextyear/week/month/term等。(2)在“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句型中,陳述句用一般將來時。如:Keep
practicing,
and
you
will
improve
your
English.
一直練習(xí),你就會提高英語水平。(3)有些句子中沒有明確的表示將來的時間狀語,但實際上動作發(fā)生在將來,應(yīng)該用一般將來時態(tài)。如:We
don't
have
any
vegetables.
I
will
buy
some
in
the
supermarket.我們沒有蔬菜了。我將去超市買一些。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時肯定形式am/is/are+動詞的-ing形式否定形式am/is/are+not+動詞的-ing形式一般疑問式把a(bǔ)m/is/are放于句首,動詞用-ing形式用法:(1)表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見的標(biāo)志詞有:now、right
now、at
present、at
the
moment、look、listen
等。(2)表示位置移動或狀態(tài)變化的動詞,如come、go、leave等詞的-ing形式可以表示將要發(fā)生的動作。如:The
train
is
leaving
in
ten
minutes.火車將在十分鐘后離開。(3)有些句子中沒有明確的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語,但實際上動作正在發(fā)生,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)。如:The
telephone
is
ringing.
Could
you
answer
it?電話響了。你可以接聽一下嗎?Don't
watch
TV.
The
baby
is
sleeping.不要看電視了。這個嬰兒正在睡覺。5.過去進(jìn)行時肯定形式was/were+動詞的-ing形式否定形式was/were+not+動詞的-ing形式一般疑問式把was或were放于句首,動詞用-ing形式用法:(1)表示過去某一階段或某一時刻正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見的時間狀語標(biāo)志詞有:at
1:00
last
night、at
that
moment、at
thistime
yesterday
等。(2)在as、when和while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,如果主句和從句的謂語動詞表示的兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去,那么延續(xù)性動詞用過去進(jìn)行時,短暫性動詞用一般過去時。如:The
boys
were
playing
football
on
the
playground
when
it
suddenlybegan
to
rain.當(dāng)天突然開始下雨時男孩們正在操場上踢足球。(3)while意為“當(dāng)……的時候;同時”。在while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,主句與從句均可用過去進(jìn)行時態(tài),表示兩個動作在過去某一時刻同時進(jìn)行。如:I
was
reading
a
book
while
my
sister
was
doing
her
homework.當(dāng)我讀書的時候,我姐姐在做作業(yè)。(4)無標(biāo)志詞,根據(jù)上下文語境得知,動作在過去某個時刻或過去一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生,用過去進(jìn)行時。如:I
didn't
answer
your
call
because
I
was
taking
a
shower.
我沒有接你的電話因為我當(dāng)時正在洗澡。6.現(xiàn)在完成時肯定形式have/has+動詞的過去分詞否定形式have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞(“have/has+not”的縮略形式為haven't/hasn't)一般疑問式把have/has放于句首,動詞用過去分詞用法:(1)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作并且對現(xiàn)在還有影響。常見的時間狀語標(biāo)志詞有:yet、just、before、recently、already、lately、ever等。(2)表示動作發(fā)生在過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作,常與一段時間連用,動詞應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動詞。常見的時間狀語有:since
2010、for
ten
years、in
the
past/last
three
years等。如:I
have
lived
in
this
city
for
ten
years.我已經(jīng)在這個城市居住十年了。(3)有些句子中沒有明確的用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的時間狀語,但實際上動作已經(jīng)完成并對現(xiàn)在的一個動作造成了一定的影響,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。如:You
have
passed
all
the
exams.
You
can
relax
now.
你已經(jīng)通過了所有的考試?,F(xiàn)在你可以放松一下了。My
sister
is
pleased
that
she
has
won
first
place.
我妹妹得了第一名,她很開心。(4)在“This/That/It
is
the
first
time
(that)…”句型中用現(xiàn)在完成時。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的first也可換成second、third等,其中的time也可換成其他名詞。如:This
is
the
first
time
I
have
been
here.這是我第一次來這里。注意:(1)在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中,與一段時間連用時,短暫性動詞應(yīng)改用其相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞形式。常見的短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換如下:短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞diebe
deadleavebe
awaybegin/startbe
onbecomebeborrowkeep短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞arrive/comebe
here/be
inopenbe
openbuyhavejoinbe
a
member
of/be
in(2)have/has
been
to、have/has
gone
to、have/has
been
in的區(qū)別:have/has
been
to表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(已經(jīng)回來了)”;have/has
gone
to表示“去了某地(不在說話現(xiàn)場)”;have/has
been
in后接地點,常與一段時間連用,表示“在某地待了多久了”。
動詞的語態(tài)1.動詞語態(tài)的分類:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)(1)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。如:Many
people
speak
Chinese
there.那兒很多人說漢語。(2)被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,即行為動詞的對象。如:Chinese
is
spoken
by
many
people
there.在那兒漢語被很多人說。2.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:be+及物動詞的過去分詞(以下用done代表)河北省中考常考的三種被動結(jié)構(gòu):被動結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are+doneThe
trees
are
watered
every
day.
樹每天都被澆水。一般過去時:was/were+doneThe
machine
was
invented
last
year.
這種機(jī)器是去年被發(fā)明的。一般將來時:will/shall+bedone或begoing
to+be
doneThe
bridge
will
be
finished
in
a
month.
這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€月內(nèi)竣工。3.常見主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)含有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子,多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,直接賓語不變。如:He
told
us
the
good
news.→We
were
told
the
good
news
by
him.
他告訴了我們好消息。(2)主動語態(tài)中有些感官動詞(hear、see、watch、notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,要把不定式符號to還原。如:We
heard
the
girl
play
the
piano
in
the
music
classroom.→The
girlwas
heard
to
play
the
piano
in
the
music
classroom.我們聽見那個女孩在音樂教室彈鋼琴。(3)主動語態(tài)中有些使役動詞(make、let、have)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,同樣要把不定式符號to還原。如:The
teacher
makes
his
students
do
much
homework
every
day.→Hisstudents
are
made
to
do
much
homework
by
the
teacher
every
day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。4.不能使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1)look、feel、smell、sound、taste等系動詞,以主動形式表示被動含義。如:The
flower
smells
sweet.
這花聞起來很香。(2)open、lock、write、sell、clean、cut、burn等動詞作不及物動詞時,它們的主語為物,可用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。如:This
kind
of
pen
writes
well.這種鋼筆書寫流暢。(3)有些結(jié)構(gòu)的主動形式可以表示被動含義,如:need/require
doing(需要被做),be
worth
doing
sth.(值得做某事)等。如:Your
bedroom
is
in
a
mess.
It
needs/requires
cleaning
now.
你的臥室太亂了。它現(xiàn)在需要清理一下。(4)表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take
place,無被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如:The
accident
happened
on
a
cold
morning.事故發(fā)生在一個寒冷的早上。5.動詞語態(tài)的判斷方法(1)讀懂句子,結(jié)合句意判斷句子是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài);確定主語,判斷主語與謂語的關(guān)系,看主語是動作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者,從而確定語態(tài)。如:He
was
chosen
to
work
for
the
sports
meeting.他被選去為運動會工作了。(句子中的主語he與動詞choose之間存在被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài))(2)確定句子的時態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的使用離不開時態(tài),所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時間狀語、上下文的語境或已給出動詞的時態(tài)來判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。如:He
was
chosen
to
work
for
the
sports
meeting
last
week.
上周,他被選去為運動會工作了。(句子中有明顯的時間狀語,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài))中考考場實踐演練Ⅰ.根據(jù)句意,用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.(2025,廣安)Wang
Hui
often
_______(share)
traditionalChinese
culture
with
Steve
online.2.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū))The
bird
heard
the
sound
of
the
carsand
_____(fly)
away.3.(2025,揚(yáng)州改編)When
you
feel
cold
air
coming
through
yourwindow,
energy
__________(waste).4.(2025,揚(yáng)州)Recently,
more
and
more
people
have
________(choose)
to
visit
Yangzhou
during
holidays.sharesflewis
wastedchosen5.(2025,德陽)My
brother
wants
to
be
an
astronaut.
He
_______(hope)
to
visit
a
space
station
one
day.6.(2025,武威)Do
you
know
when
the
car
was
_________(invent)?7.(2025,武威改編)It
is
_________(believe)
that
tea
was
broughtto
Korea
and
Japan
during
the
6th
and
7th
centuries.8.(2025,德陽)A
new
bridge
was
______(build)
in
my
hometownlast
year,
making
it
easier
to
travel
around.9.(2025,眉山)As
a
stamp
lover,
Xiao
Ning
has
_________(collect)
plenty
of
special
stamps
over
these
years.hopesinventedbelievedbuiltcollected10.(2025,蘇州)I
have
never
__________(regret)
choosing
to
bekind,
even
when
it
was
not
easy.11.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū))With
the
help
of
his
classmates,
he__________(success)
in
solving
the
problems
an
hour
ago.12.(2025,天津改編)Chinese
__________(speak)
by
more
andmore
people
from
foreign
countries
today.13.(2025,綏化改編)My
father
is
too
tired.
Something
should_________(do)
to
keep
him
relaxed.14.(2025,達(dá)州)He
always
________(spend)
time
with
his
familyon
weekends.regrettedsucceededis
spokenbe
donespends15.(2025,成都改編)—Tina,
the
phone
__________(ring).
Canyou
answer
it?—Sure,
Mom.is
ringing16.(2025,連云港改編)As
people
pay
more
and
more
attention
tocultural
treasures,
the
industry
of
ancient
book
repairing_____________(develop)
fast
in
China
now.is
developing17.(2025,連云港改編)Under
the
Three-North
Shelterbelt
ForestProgram,
the
forest
area
in
China
______________(increase)
by320,000
km2
since
1978.has
increased18.(2025,云南改編)The
film
Ne
Zha
2
is
worth
seeing.
I__________(see)
it
three
times
so
far.have
seen19.(2025,武威改編)—Cindy,
my
sunglasses
are
on
the
floor,
andthey
are
broken.
What
happened?—Sorry,
dear.
I
don't
know.
I
_____________(cook)
in
thekitchen
then.was
cooking20.(2025,武威)We
all
_____(love)
our
country
very
much!21.(2025,江西改編)It
__________(rain)
heavily.
We
are
going
toget
all
wet
walking
outside.loveis
raining22.(2025,江西改編)—Lisa,
your
shoes
are
dirty.—Oh,
just
leave
them
there,
Mom.
I
__________(wash)
themwith
my
clothes.will
wash23.(2025,揚(yáng)州改編)During
Guyu,
the
temperature
usually
______(rise)
a
lot
and
rain
increases.rises24.(2025,達(dá)州改編)—World
Animal
Day
is
on
October
4th
everyyear.—Many
activities
_________(hold)
to
improve
the
relationshipbetween
humans
and
animals
this
day.are
held25.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū)改編)AI
tools
_____________(use)
inmore
fields
in
the
future.will
be
used26.(2025,安徽改編)—The
robots
___________(race)
each
otherto
the
finish
line.—How
exciting!
Our
robot
is
going
to
win.are
racing27.(2025,福建改編)Since
last
year,
our
school
____________(offer)
free
breakfasts
to
students
in
need.28.(2025,天津改編)The
mobile
phone
______
when
I
was
makinga
cake
with
my
mother.29.(2025,綏化)On
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival,
my
mother
cookeddelicious
zongzi
and
_____(lay)
them
on
the
plate.has
offeredranglaid30.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū))—How
long
has
she
_____(have)
thescience
book?
I
want
to
borrow
it
from
her.—For
nearly
three
weeks.
I
think
she
might
have
finished
reading
it.had31.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū))When
Li
Lei
came
into
the
room,
hisfriends
_______________(prepare)
for
his
birthday
party.were
preparing32.(2025,江西改編)—I
hear
that
Jingdezhen
Porcelain(瓷器)___________(show)
in
Paris
last
month.—Wow!
Good
news.was
shownⅡ.短文填空。
閱讀下列短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A(2025,遂寧改編)
The
Yellow
River
runs
from
the
mountains
1.
___
the
sea.
Itgave
birth
to
one
of
2.
____
oldest
and
most
famous
cultures
in
theworld
—
the
Yellow
River
culture.
In
the
hearts
of
the
3.
_________(China)
people,
the
Yellow
River
is
the
“Mother
River”.
It
is
4._________(expect)
to
play
a
more
important
role
in
our
country's5._____________(develop).#1.1totheChineseexpecteddevelopment
The
river
is
called
Huanghe
in
Chinese
6.
________
its
water
isyellow,
as
it
7.
________(carry)
lots
of
yellow
sand
into
the
waterwhen
it
runs
through
the
Loess
Plateau(黃土高原).
The
river
8.
_______(start)
from
Qinghai
Province
innorthwestern
China.
It
runs
through
a
lot
of
places
before
9._________(run)
into
the
Bohai
Sea.
The
5,464-kilometer-long
river10.
______(feed)
about
12%
of
China's
population
and
provideswater
for
about
15%
of
China's
fields
and
more
than
sixty
11.______(city).#1.3becausecarriesstartsrunningfeedscities
So
far,
our
country
12.
__________(make)
great
efforts
in
theenvironmental
protection
of
the
river.
Each
year,
over
400
milliontons
of
sand
13.
_____________(prevent)
from
being
washed
intothe
river.
Our
“Mother
River”
has
become
much
14.________(clear)than
before.
It
is
our
duty
15.
________(take)
good
care
of
our“Mother
River”.#1.4has
madeis
preventedclearerto
takeB(2025,邢臺一模)
Everyone
has
his
or
her
unforgettable
stories
in
life,
and
so
doI.
As
Mother's
Day
is
getting
close,
many
children
1.
___________(talk)
about
what
gifts
to
get
for
their
mothers.
But
I'm
happy
toshare
a
story
about
a
very
special
gift.
I
hope
you
can
understandthe
2.____________(important)
of
love.#1.1are
talkingimportance
It
was
my
3.
__________(thirteen)
birthday.
I
was
lookingforward
4.
___
a
special
gift.
When
I
5.
______(wake)
up
thatmorning,
I
couldn't
wait
to
open
the
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