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第八講

動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)中考考點知識清單

動詞的時態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時肯定形式①be動詞:am/is/are②實義動詞:動詞原形/動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式否定形式①am/is/are+not②don't/doesn't+動詞原形一般疑問式①am/is/are放于句首②do/does放于句首,實義動詞用原形用法:(1)表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。常見的標(biāo)志詞有:often、sometimes、usually、always、twice

a

month、on

Sundays、everyweek/month/year等。(2)主將從現(xiàn)原則——由when、after、before、as

soon

as、if、unless等引導(dǎo)的從句中,主句如果是一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。如:I

will

call

you

as

soon

as

he

arrives

here.他一到這兒我就給你打電話。#7(3)無標(biāo)志詞時,以下情況用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。①表示現(xiàn)在的情況或狀態(tài)。如:I

am

a

student.

I

live

in

Shijiazhuang.我是一名學(xué)生,我住在石家莊。②表示普遍真理、客觀存在、科學(xué)事實。如:The

moon

moves

around

the

earth.月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。#142.一般過去時#15肯定形式①be動詞:was/were②實義動詞的過去式(沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化)否定形式①was/were+not(??s略為wasn't/weren't)②did

not(??s略為didn't)+實義動詞原形一般疑問式①was/were放于句首②將did放于句首,實義動詞用原形用法:(1)表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見的標(biāo)志詞有:justnow、ago、in

2015、last

night/week/month、this

morning、yesterday、the

day

before

yesterday等。(2)表示過去某段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。如:I

always

helped

him

with

his

English

when

I

was

a

student.當(dāng)我是學(xué)生時,我總是幫助他學(xué)英語。(3)在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中,當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為過去的某個時態(tài)時,從句的謂語動詞須用相應(yīng)的某種過去時態(tài)。如:I

didn't

understand

what

my

teacher

said.我不明白老師說的。(4)句子中沒有明確的表示過去的時間狀語,但實際上動作發(fā)生在過去或指的是過去存在的狀態(tài),應(yīng)該用一般過去時態(tài)。如:I

left

my

dictionary

at

home.

Can

I

use

yours?我的字典落在家里了。我可以用一下你的嗎?3.一般將來時肯定形式①will/shall+實義動詞原形②am/is/are

going

to+實義動詞原形,be隨主語人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化注意:①be

going

to

表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情,用于主觀判斷,含有“計劃;打算;準(zhǔn)備”的意思②shall常與第一人稱(I/we)連用,在肯定句中表示將要發(fā)生的動作;在疑問句中表示征求對方的意見否定形式①will/shall+not+實義動詞原形②am/is/are+not

going

to+實義動詞原形一般疑問式①will/shall提到句首,實義動詞用原形②be(am/is/are)放于句首,實義動詞用原形用法:(1)表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見的時間狀語標(biāo)志詞有:tomorrow、from

now

on、soon、in

the

future、nextyear/week/month/term等。(2)在“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”句型中,陳述句用一般將來時。如:Keep

practicing,

and

you

will

improve

your

English.

一直練習(xí),你就會提高英語水平。(3)有些句子中沒有明確的表示將來的時間狀語,但實際上動作發(fā)生在將來,應(yīng)該用一般將來時態(tài)。如:We

don't

have

any

vegetables.

I

will

buy

some

in

the

supermarket.我們沒有蔬菜了。我將去超市買一些。4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時肯定形式am/is/are+動詞的-ing形式否定形式am/is/are+not+動詞的-ing形式一般疑問式把a(bǔ)m/is/are放于句首,動詞用-ing形式用法:(1)表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見的標(biāo)志詞有:now、right

now、at

present、at

the

moment、look、listen

等。(2)表示位置移動或狀態(tài)變化的動詞,如come、go、leave等詞的-ing形式可以表示將要發(fā)生的動作。如:The

train

is

leaving

in

ten

minutes.火車將在十分鐘后離開。(3)有些句子中沒有明確的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語,但實際上動作正在發(fā)生,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)。如:The

telephone

is

ringing.

Could

you

answer

it?電話響了。你可以接聽一下嗎?Don't

watch

TV.

The

baby

is

sleeping.不要看電視了。這個嬰兒正在睡覺。5.過去進(jìn)行時肯定形式was/were+動詞的-ing形式否定形式was/were+not+動詞的-ing形式一般疑問式把was或were放于句首,動詞用-ing形式用法:(1)表示過去某一階段或某一時刻正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常見的時間狀語標(biāo)志詞有:at

1:00

last

night、at

that

moment、at

thistime

yesterday

等。(2)在as、when和while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,如果主句和從句的謂語動詞表示的兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去,那么延續(xù)性動詞用過去進(jìn)行時,短暫性動詞用一般過去時。如:The

boys

were

playing

football

on

the

playground

when

it

suddenlybegan

to

rain.當(dāng)天突然開始下雨時男孩們正在操場上踢足球。(3)while意為“當(dāng)……的時候;同時”。在while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中,主句與從句均可用過去進(jìn)行時態(tài),表示兩個動作在過去某一時刻同時進(jìn)行。如:I

was

reading

a

book

while

my

sister

was

doing

her

homework.當(dāng)我讀書的時候,我姐姐在做作業(yè)。(4)無標(biāo)志詞,根據(jù)上下文語境得知,動作在過去某個時刻或過去一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生,用過去進(jìn)行時。如:I

didn't

answer

your

call

because

I

was

taking

a

shower.

我沒有接你的電話因為我當(dāng)時正在洗澡。6.現(xiàn)在完成時肯定形式have/has+動詞的過去分詞否定形式have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞(“have/has+not”的縮略形式為haven't/hasn't)一般疑問式把have/has放于句首,動詞用過去分詞用法:(1)表示到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成的動作并且對現(xiàn)在還有影響。常見的時間狀語標(biāo)志詞有:yet、just、before、recently、already、lately、ever等。(2)表示動作發(fā)生在過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能繼續(xù)進(jìn)行的動作,常與一段時間連用,動詞應(yīng)該是延續(xù)性動詞。常見的時間狀語有:since

2010、for

ten

years、in

the

past/last

three

years等。如:I

have

lived

in

this

city

for

ten

years.我已經(jīng)在這個城市居住十年了。(3)有些句子中沒有明確的用于現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的時間狀語,但實際上動作已經(jīng)完成并對現(xiàn)在的一個動作造成了一定的影響,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。如:You

have

passed

all

the

exams.

You

can

relax

now.

你已經(jīng)通過了所有的考試?,F(xiàn)在你可以放松一下了。My

sister

is

pleased

that

she

has

won

first

place.

我妹妹得了第一名,她很開心。(4)在“This/That/It

is

the

first

time

(that)…”句型中用現(xiàn)在完成時。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的first也可換成second、third等,其中的time也可換成其他名詞。如:This

is

the

first

time

I

have

been

here.這是我第一次來這里。注意:(1)在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中,與一段時間連用時,短暫性動詞應(yīng)改用其相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞形式。常見的短暫性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換如下:短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞diebe

deadleavebe

awaybegin/startbe

onbecomebeborrowkeep短暫性動詞延續(xù)性動詞arrive/comebe

here/be

inopenbe

openbuyhavejoinbe

a

member

of/be

in(2)have/has

been

to、have/has

gone

to、have/has

been

in的區(qū)別:have/has

been

to表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(已經(jīng)回來了)”;have/has

gone

to表示“去了某地(不在說話現(xiàn)場)”;have/has

been

in后接地點,常與一段時間連用,表示“在某地待了多久了”。

動詞的語態(tài)1.動詞語態(tài)的分類:主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)(1)主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。如:Many

people

speak

Chinese

there.那兒很多人說漢語。(2)被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者,即行為動詞的對象。如:Chinese

is

spoken

by

many

people

there.在那兒漢語被很多人說。2.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:be+及物動詞的過去分詞(以下用done代表)河北省中考常考的三種被動結(jié)構(gòu):被動結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are+doneThe

trees

are

watered

every

day.

樹每天都被澆水。一般過去時:was/were+doneThe

machine

was

invented

last

year.

這種機(jī)器是去年被發(fā)明的。一般將來時:will/shall+bedone或begoing

to+be

doneThe

bridge

will

be

finished

in

a

month.

這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€月內(nèi)竣工。3.常見主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1)含有雙賓語(即直接賓語和間接賓語)的句子,多把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,直接賓語不變。如:He

told

us

the

good

news.→We

were

told

the

good

news

by

him.

他告訴了我們好消息。(2)主動語態(tài)中有些感官動詞(hear、see、watch、notice等)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,要把不定式符號to還原。如:We

heard

the

girl

play

the

piano

in

the

music

classroom.→The

girlwas

heard

to

play

the

piano

in

the

music

classroom.我們聽見那個女孩在音樂教室彈鋼琴。(3)主動語態(tài)中有些使役動詞(make、let、have)后用不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,同樣要把不定式符號to還原。如:The

teacher

makes

his

students

do

much

homework

every

day.→Hisstudents

are

made

to

do

much

homework

by

the

teacher

every

day.那位老師讓他的學(xué)生每天做很多家庭作業(yè)。4.不能使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)的情況(1)look、feel、smell、sound、taste等系動詞,以主動形式表示被動含義。如:The

flower

smells

sweet.

這花聞起來很香。(2)open、lock、write、sell、clean、cut、burn等動詞作不及物動詞時,它們的主語為物,可用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。如:This

kind

of

pen

writes

well.這種鋼筆書寫流暢。(3)有些結(jié)構(gòu)的主動形式可以表示被動含義,如:need/require

doing(需要被做),be

worth

doing

sth.(值得做某事)等。如:Your

bedroom

is

in

a

mess.

It

needs/requires

cleaning

now.

你的臥室太亂了。它現(xiàn)在需要清理一下。(4)表示“發(fā)生”的happen或take

place,無被動結(jié)構(gòu)。如:The

accident

happened

on

a

cold

morning.事故發(fā)生在一個寒冷的早上。5.動詞語態(tài)的判斷方法(1)讀懂句子,結(jié)合句意判斷句子是主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài);確定主語,判斷主語與謂語的關(guān)系,看主語是動作的執(zhí)行者還是承受者,從而確定語態(tài)。如:He

was

chosen

to

work

for

the

sports

meeting.他被選去為運動會工作了。(句子中的主語he與動詞choose之間存在被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài))(2)確定句子的時態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的使用離不開時態(tài),所以應(yīng)根據(jù)句中的時間狀語、上下文的語境或已給出動詞的時態(tài)來判斷應(yīng)使用哪種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。如:He

was

chosen

to

work

for

the

sports

meeting

last

week.

上周,他被選去為運動會工作了。(句子中有明顯的時間狀語,故用一般過去時的被動語態(tài))中考考場實踐演練Ⅰ.根據(jù)句意,用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.(2025,廣安)Wang

Hui

often

_______(share)

traditionalChinese

culture

with

Steve

online.2.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū))The

bird

heard

the

sound

of

the

carsand

_____(fly)

away.3.(2025,揚(yáng)州改編)When

you

feel

cold

air

coming

through

yourwindow,

energy

__________(waste).4.(2025,揚(yáng)州)Recently,

more

and

more

people

have

________(choose)

to

visit

Yangzhou

during

holidays.sharesflewis

wastedchosen5.(2025,德陽)My

brother

wants

to

be

an

astronaut.

He

_______(hope)

to

visit

a

space

station

one

day.6.(2025,武威)Do

you

know

when

the

car

was

_________(invent)?7.(2025,武威改編)It

is

_________(believe)

that

tea

was

broughtto

Korea

and

Japan

during

the

6th

and

7th

centuries.8.(2025,德陽)A

new

bridge

was

______(build)

in

my

hometownlast

year,

making

it

easier

to

travel

around.9.(2025,眉山)As

a

stamp

lover,

Xiao

Ning

has

_________(collect)

plenty

of

special

stamps

over

these

years.hopesinventedbelievedbuiltcollected10.(2025,蘇州)I

have

never

__________(regret)

choosing

to

bekind,

even

when

it

was

not

easy.11.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū))With

the

help

of

his

classmates,

he__________(success)

in

solving

the

problems

an

hour

ago.12.(2025,天津改編)Chinese

__________(speak)

by

more

andmore

people

from

foreign

countries

today.13.(2025,綏化改編)My

father

is

too

tired.

Something

should_________(do)

to

keep

him

relaxed.14.(2025,達(dá)州)He

always

________(spend)

time

with

his

familyon

weekends.regrettedsucceededis

spokenbe

donespends15.(2025,成都改編)—Tina,

the

phone

__________(ring).

Canyou

answer

it?—Sure,

Mom.is

ringing16.(2025,連云港改編)As

people

pay

more

and

more

attention

tocultural

treasures,

the

industry

of

ancient

book

repairing_____________(develop)

fast

in

China

now.is

developing17.(2025,連云港改編)Under

the

Three-North

Shelterbelt

ForestProgram,

the

forest

area

in

China

______________(increase)

by320,000

km2

since

1978.has

increased18.(2025,云南改編)The

film

Ne

Zha

2

is

worth

seeing.

I__________(see)

it

three

times

so

far.have

seen19.(2025,武威改編)—Cindy,

my

sunglasses

are

on

the

floor,

andthey

are

broken.

What

happened?—Sorry,

dear.

I

don't

know.

I

_____________(cook)

in

thekitchen

then.was

cooking20.(2025,武威)We

all

_____(love)

our

country

very

much!21.(2025,江西改編)It

__________(rain)

heavily.

We

are

going

toget

all

wet

walking

outside.loveis

raining22.(2025,江西改編)—Lisa,

your

shoes

are

dirty.—Oh,

just

leave

them

there,

Mom.

I

__________(wash)

themwith

my

clothes.will

wash23.(2025,揚(yáng)州改編)During

Guyu,

the

temperature

usually

______(rise)

a

lot

and

rain

increases.rises24.(2025,達(dá)州改編)—World

Animal

Day

is

on

October

4th

everyyear.—Many

activities

_________(hold)

to

improve

the

relationshipbetween

humans

and

animals

this

day.are

held25.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū)改編)AI

tools

_____________(use)

inmore

fields

in

the

future.will

be

used26.(2025,安徽改編)—The

robots

___________(race)

each

otherto

the

finish

line.—How

exciting!

Our

robot

is

going

to

win.are

racing27.(2025,福建改編)Since

last

year,

our

school

____________(offer)

free

breakfasts

to

students

in

need.28.(2025,天津改編)The

mobile

phone

______

when

I

was

makinga

cake

with

my

mother.29.(2025,綏化)On

the

Dragon

Boat

Festival,

my

mother

cookeddelicious

zongzi

and

_____(lay)

them

on

the

plate.has

offeredranglaid30.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū))—How

long

has

she

_____(have)

thescience

book?

I

want

to

borrow

it

from

her.—For

nearly

three

weeks.

I

think

she

might

have

finished

reading

it.had31.(2025,黑龍江龍東地區(qū))When

Li

Lei

came

into

the

room,

hisfriends

_______________(prepare)

for

his

birthday

party.were

preparing32.(2025,江西改編)—I

hear

that

Jingdezhen

Porcelain(瓷器)___________(show)

in

Paris

last

month.—Wow!

Good

news.was

shownⅡ.短文填空。

閱讀下列短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A(2025,遂寧改編)

The

Yellow

River

runs

from

the

mountains

1.

___

the

sea.

Itgave

birth

to

one

of

2.

____

oldest

and

most

famous

cultures

in

theworld

the

Yellow

River

culture.

In

the

hearts

of

the

3.

_________(China)

people,

the

Yellow

River

is

the

“Mother

River”.

It

is

4._________(expect)

to

play

a

more

important

role

in

our

country's5._____________(develop).#1.1totheChineseexpecteddevelopment

The

river

is

called

Huanghe

in

Chinese

6.

________

its

water

isyellow,

as

it

7.

________(carry)

lots

of

yellow

sand

into

the

waterwhen

it

runs

through

the

Loess

Plateau(黃土高原).

The

river

8.

_______(start)

from

Qinghai

Province

innorthwestern

China.

It

runs

through

a

lot

of

places

before

9._________(run)

into

the

Bohai

Sea.

The

5,464-kilometer-long

river10.

______(feed)

about

12%

of

China's

population

and

provideswater

for

about

15%

of

China's

fields

and

more

than

sixty

11.______(city).#1.3becausecarriesstartsrunningfeedscities

So

far,

our

country

12.

__________(make)

great

efforts

in

theenvironmental

protection

of

the

river.

Each

year,

over

400

milliontons

of

sand

13.

_____________(prevent)

from

being

washed

intothe

river.

Our

“Mother

River”

has

become

much

14.________(clear)than

before.

It

is

our

duty

15.

________(take)

good

care

of

our“Mother

River”.#1.4has

madeis

preventedclearerto

takeB(2025,邢臺一模)

Everyone

has

his

or

her

unforgettable

stories

in

life,

and

so

doI.

As

Mother's

Day

is

getting

close,

many

children

1.

___________(talk)

about

what

gifts

to

get

for

their

mothers.

But

I'm

happy

toshare

a

story

about

a

very

special

gift.

I

hope

you

can

understandthe

2.____________(important)

of

love.#1.1are

talkingimportance

It

was

my

3.

__________(thirteen)

birthday.

I

was

lookingforward

4.

___

a

special

gift.

When

I

5.

______(wake)

up

thatmorning,

I

couldn't

wait

to

open

the

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