2026春季高考英語復(fù)習(xí)——被動語態(tài)一、被動語態(tài)定義、基本用法、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)（一）定義 英語中有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)表示主語和動作之間的一種被動關(guān)系。即“主語被...”主動語態(tài)：Mysistercleanedtheroomyesterday.（表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者）我姐姐昨天清理了房間。被動語態(tài)：Johnwasbittenbyadog.John被狗咬了。（表示主語是動作的承受者，有時候用by引出動作的執(zhí)行者）（二）用法1．強(qiáng)調(diào)動作或行為的承受者。Johnwasbittenbyadog.2．不必說出或者不知道動作的執(zhí)行者。Thehousewasbuilttwoyearsago.這個房子兩年前就建起來了。3．某些表達(dá)習(xí)慣用被動。beborn出生于；becomparedwith與...做比較4．漢語中含有“據(jù)說”，“據(jù)悉”，“據(jù)報道”等①It'ssaidthat...據(jù)說②It'sreportedthat...據(jù)報道③Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知④Itissupposedthat...據(jù)推測（三）句型句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語＋bedone（by...）Thehousewasbuilt2yearsago.這個房子2年前建好了。否定句主語benotdone（by...）Thehousewasn'tbuilt2yearsago．這個房子不是在2年前建。一般疑問句Be主語done（by...）？Wasthehousebuilt2yearsago?這個房子2年前建好了么？特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞＋be主語done(by...)?Whywasthehousebuilt2yearsago?為什么2年前要建這個房子？（四）各個時態(tài)下的被動結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：be＋done（過去分詞）＋（by＋執(zhí)行者）時態(tài)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+doneMyroomiscleanedbymeeveryday.一般過去時was/were+doneIwasbittenbyacatyesterday.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時am/is/are+being+doneAbridgeisbeingbuiltnow.過去進(jìn)行時was/were+being+doneAbridgewasbeingbuiltatthattime.一般將來時willbe+doneam/is/aregoingtobe+doneThehousewillbecleanedtomorrow.現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasbeen+doneThebridgehasbeenbuiltfor2years.含情態(tài)動詞can/may/must/shouldbe+doneMyroommaybecleanedbymum.即時演練A--單項選擇1．Thecarrotbyarabbityesterday.A.eatsB.iseatenC.waseatenD.willbeeaten2．thebridgeinthefuture?A.Is;builtB.Will;bebuiltC.Will;buildD.Does;build3．Inordertomakeourcitymorebeautiful,moretreesandflowerseveryyear.A.areplantingB.should,beplantedC.shouldplantD.willplant4．Tocelebratethe100thbirthdayoftheCommunistPartyofChina(中國共產(chǎn)黨),aspeechcompetitioninHekoulastmonth.A.heldB.isheldC.holdD.washeld5．Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople'slifealotsinceit.A.inventsB.isinventedC.hasinventedD.wasinvented6．---Jessica,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.---I'msorry,butI.A.don'ttellB.didn'ttellC.amnottoldD.wasn'ttold7．Myparentsareinvitedtoapartyyesterday.否定句：一般疑問句：對劃線部分提問：二、主動形式表被動含義1．不及物動詞以及短語無被動語態(tài)?！咀⒁狻砍Ｒ姷挠校篽appen（發(fā)生），disappear（消失），rise（升起），arrive（到達(dá)），fall（跌倒），fail（失?。﹖akeplace（發(fā)生），breakout（爆發(fā)），comeout（出版），cometrue（成真）belongto（屬于），succeedin（成功），sufferfrom（遭受），happento（碰巧）takepartin／joinin（參加），agreewith（與...一致；同意）Thesunrisesintheeast.太陽從東方升起。2．有些動詞和well，badly，easily，smoothly等副詞一起用，表示主語品質(zhì)，性能?！咀⒁狻砍Ｒ姷挠校簑rite（寫），read（讀），clean（清潔），sell（賣），wash（洗），wear（穿）Thispenwriteswell.這只筆很好寫。Thisnewbooksellswell.這本書很暢銷。3．表示感官的動詞，用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義?！咀⒁狻扛泄賱釉~有：smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來），look（看起來），sound（聽起來），feel（摸起來）Thepieceofmusicsoundsgood.這段音樂聽起來不錯。4．部分動詞用動名詞，即doing形式來表示被動，通常都是物體做主語?！咀⒁狻砍Ｒ姷膭釉~有：need／require（需要），want（想要），beworth（值得）Yourhairwantcutting.你的頭發(fā)需要剪了。Theseflowersneedwatering.這些花需要澆水。5．一些表示開始，運動，結(jié)束，狀態(tài)類的動詞【注意】常見的動詞有：begin／start（開始），stop（停），end（結(jié)束），shut（關(guān)），run（跑），move（移動），own／have（擁有），lack（缺乏）TheTVprogrambeginsat8o'clock．電視節(jié)目在8點開始。即時演練B1．Thesekindsofpens.Theyquicklyinalltheshops.A.arewrittenwell;aresoldoutB.writewell;aresoldoutC.arewrittenwell;selloutD.writewell;sellout2．Thebookisworth.A.toreadB.beingreadC.readingD.toberead3．Themoon-cakedelicious.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.totaste4．Theclothwell.A.washesB.iswashedC.washD.waswashed三、用法注意1．感官動詞或使役動詞后接todo形式，通常省略to，即直接是動詞原形。在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要把to帶上。【注意】：使役動詞：have／make／let（讓）感官動詞有：hear（聽）；see／watch／lookat（看）以上動詞在主動語態(tài)都是／hear／have／make／let／see／watch／notice／lookatsbdosth.若是用于被動，即表達(dá)某人被感到／聽到／讓／看到做某事時，要把to加回來。即hearsbdosth→sbbeheardtodosth某人被聽到做某事make/let/havesbdosth→sbbemade／let／hadtodosth某人被迫做某事sec／watch／lookat／→sbbeseen／watched／lookedattodo某人被看到做某事Isawmysistercookinthekitchen.我看到我妹妹在廚房煮飯。Mysisterwasseentocookinthekitchenbyme.我妹妹被我看到在廚房煮飯。2．某些動詞可以跟兩個賓語的，一個是人，一個是物體。如果是物體做主語，那么就用介詞to或者for引出另外一個賓語（人）【注意】跟兩個賓語的動詞有：八給一帶，買畫制作八給：give給，pass傳遞，lend借，write寫，show展示，send寄送，hand遞交，tell告訴一帶：bring帶來買畫制作：buy買，draw畫，make制作Hegavemeabook.他給我一本書（abook是賓語，me也是賓語）Abookwasgiventomebyhim.Heshowedmeaticket.他給我展示了一張門票。（aticket是賓語，me是賓語）Aticketwasshowntomebyhim.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.我爸爸給我買了一個新單車。Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.【TIPS】：八給一帶to來幫；買畫制作for也來。3．【動詞＋介詞／副詞】的動詞短語，要看作一個整體，不能漏掉或者拆開例如：laughat（嘲笑），askfor（尋求），takecareof／lookafter（照顧），listento（聽），talkabout（說），findout（發(fā)現(xiàn)，找出）等。Wecan'tlaughathim.→Hecan'tbelaughatbyus.我們不能嘲笑他。他不能被我們嘲笑。Helistenstotheradioeveryday.→Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.他每天聽收音機(jī)。收音機(jī)每天都被他收聽。即時演練C1．Shewasmadethedishesforaweek.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing2．Abookwaspassedmebyhim.A.forB.toC.withD.by3．Acakewasmadeastranger.A.forB.toC.withD.by4．Thebabybyhismum.A.tookcareofB.wastakencareC.takencareofD.wastakencareof5．我媽媽被看到在洗衣服。（翻譯句子）綜合練習(xí)：一、單項選擇1．RiceinthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.grewD.grow2．a(chǎn)newcanteeninourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Was;buildingD.Did;build3．AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextmonth.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives4．MysisterandIhaveherbirthdayparty.A.beeninvitedB.beeninvitedforC.invitedtoD.beeninvitedto5．TheGreatWallallovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.known6．Canthenewhallfromhere?A.seeB.beseenC.sawD.see7．AstorybyGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus8Theoldbythenursery.A.lookafterB.waslookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter9．Hesaysthatshetothefactorynextweek.A.issentB.wouldsendC.wassentD.willbesent10.Theschoolbagbehindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput11.Ifthecatdoesn'ttrunfast,itwillbythedog.A.catchingB.becaughtC.catchesD.catch12．TheHongKong-ZhuHai-MacaoBridgein2018.Weareexcitedaboutit.A.iscompletedB.iscompletingC.wascompletedD.wascompleting13.Thehouseisbeing.A.cleaningB.cleanC.cleanedD.cleans14.Ibelieveheavyanddifficultjobsbyrobotsinthefuture.A.willdoB.willbedoneCwillbedoingD.willbedo15.Aseriouscaraccidentonthatstreet.A.washappenedB.happenedC.washappeningD.happen16.Youhavetobe18yearsoldbeforeyoutodriveacar.A.allowB.areallowedC.allowedD.areallowing17．Jackoftendoesthingsfoolishly,sohesometimesbyothers.A.is;laughedB.is;laughedatC.was;laughedD.has;beenlaughedat18.Theywereheardjustnow.A.singB.sangC.tosingD.sings19.ManybooksonsciencesinceIwenttocollege.A.wereboughtB.havebeenboughtC.willbeboughtD.areboughtThecakeeasily.A.cutsB.iscutC.cutD.cutting1．Yourbiken