因上傳文件大小限制，聽力音頻可聯(lián)系另外發(fā)送2024年06月大學英語四級考試真題（第2套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Supposeyouruniversityisseekingstudents’opinionsonwhetheruniversitysportsfacilitiesshouldbeopentothepublic.Youarenowtowriteanessaytoexpressyourview.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Ithitabirdshortlyaftertakeoff.B)Itscrewmemberswentonstrike.C)Itnarrowlyescapedaplanecrashwhenturningaround.D)Itscaptaingotslightlyinjuredduringtheforcedlanding.2.A)Panic.B)Nervous.C)Relieved.D)Contented.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Heisnowkeptinasecurearea.B)Hehasescapedthezooonceagain.C)Hehasbeencaughtasecondtime.D)Hefinallydisappearedsixdaysago.4.A)Squeezed.B)Threatened.C)Disappointed.D)Frustrated.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itiscondemnedasacrazyidea.B)Itisenrichingthecity’snightlife.C)Itisquestionedbylocalresidents.D)Itisgivingrisetosafetyconcerns.6.A)Avoidenteringone-waystreets.B)Ensurethesafetyofpedestrians.C)Followallthetrafficrulesdriversdo.D)Givewaytoautomobilesatalltimes.7.A)Toeasethecity’sbusytraffic.B)Tobringnewlifeintothecity.C)Toaddanewmeansoftransport.D)Toreducethecity’sairpollution.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Takeitseriously.B)Discussitregularly.C)Makeitsoundscary.D)Talkaboutitopenly.9.A)Byshoppingaroundforthebestdeals.B)Bymakingabstractsumsrelevant.C)Bycitingconcreteexamples.D)Byvisitingdiscountstores.10.A)Payingtheirkidstohelpwithhousework.B)Settingkidsagoodexamplebysharingchores.C)Givingkidspocketmoneyaccordingtotheirneeds.D)Urgingkidstodepositsomeoftheirgiftmoney.11.A)Theimportanceofcuttingdownfamilyexpenses.B)Theneedtolearnimportantlessonsfromherelders.C)Thedelightinseeingtheirsavingsgrow.D)Thenecessityofsavingintoapension.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Heisasuccessfulbusinessman.B)Hereviewsbooksonpoliticalaffairs.C)Hehaspublishedanewbestseller.D)Hehasworkedinseveralbanks.13.A)Theman’sideasabouteducation.B)Theman’sacademicbackground.C)Theman’sattemptsatdrawingpublicattention.D)Theman’sproposalstosolveeconomicproblems.14.A)Toreducestudents’financialburden.B)Tomotivateallstudentstobesuccessful.C)Togivestudentsincentivetoexcelineconomics.D)Toprovideremediesforstudents’poorperformance.15.A)Improvingschoolbudgeting.B)Increasingtuitionfees.C)Seekingdonations.D)Raisingtaxes.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.After

youhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Toshowhissympathytowardspeoplealwaysbeingbusy.B)Topreventpeoplefromcomplainingaboutbeing“busy”.C)Tocallonbusypeopletotakecareofthemselves.D)Tohelpbusypeopletosortouttheirpriorities.17.A)Avoidsayingwearebusy.B)Reflectontheirtruepurpose.C)Describeourscheduleindetail.D)Respondasmostbusypeopledo.18.A)Toshowtheirachievementsresultedfromgreatefforts.B)Toprovetheystandoutasaccomplishedprofessionals.C)Tocoveruptheirfailuretoachievesomepurpose.D)Totellothersacompletelieabouttheirinability.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theywillhelponereducefear.B)Theyshouldbecomesopopular.20.A)Tobreakone’sultimatelimits.B)Tostopbeingextremelyafraid.C)Theywillbelesschallengingafteratime.D)Theyshouldcoversomanydifferenttypes.C)Toavoiddangerousmistakes.D)Toenjoythesportstothefull.21.A)Byallowingourmotivationtobeatanall-timehigh.B)Bystoppingushurtingthesamemusclesrepeatedly.C)Byburningasmanyas300caloriesperhour.D)Byenablingustogetanall-overworkout.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itisnatural.B)Itisinstrumental.C)Itispersonal.D)Itisvital.23.A)Toguardagainstbeingperceivednegatively.C)Toconcealpersonalitypreferences.B)Topreventthemselvesfrombeingisolated.24.A)Ithelpstoenhanceteamspirit.B)Itstimulatesinnovativeideas.C)Ithelpstoresolveproblems.D)Itfacilitatespolicy-making.25.A)Aninnovativemind.B)Corporateculture.D)Tomaintainworkplaceharmony.C)Mutualtrust.D)Ahealthymentality.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentified

byaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．AteamofresearchersledbyPriyankaJoshiexaminedthedegreetowhichmenandwomenreliedon“communicativeabstraction”toverballyconveytheirideasandemotions.Communicativeabstraction,accordingtotheresearchers,reflectsthetendencyofpeopletouse“abstractspeechthatfocusesonthebroaderpictureand26purposeofactionratherthanconcretespeechfocusingondetailsandthemeansof27action.”Interestingly,theyfoundthatmenwerefarmorelikelytospeakintheabstractthanwerewomen.Toarriveatthis,theresearchersexaminedthelinguistic(語言的)patternsofmenandwomeninover600,000blogpostswrittenonwebsites.Todothis,theresearcherscomputedabstractnessratingsfor40,000commonlyusedwordsintheEnglishlanguage.Wordsconsideredtobeconcretecouldbeeasilyvisualized,suchas“table”or“chair”.Wordsthatweremoretovisualize,forexample,“justice”or“morality”were282930consideredtobemoreabstract.Theyfoundthatmenusedtheirblogposts.31moreabstractlanguageinWhatisthe32ofthiseffect?Theresearcherssuggestthatpowerdifferencesbetweenthegenders—thatis,menhavingmorepowerinsociety—mightbeakeydeterminant(決定因素).Forinstance,inafollow-upstudyconductedwithasampleof300students,theresearchers33powerdynamicsinaninterpersonalsettingtoseeifthiswouldinfluencecommunicativeabstraction.Theyfoundthatparticipantsinahigh-powerinterviewerroleweremorelikelytogiveabstractdescriptionsofbehaviorsthanwereparticipantsinalow-powerintervieweerole.Thissuggeststhatcommunicatingmoreabstractlydoesnotreflecta34tendencyofmenorwomenbutrather35withinspecificcontexts.A)approximatelyB)attainingF)fixedK)refrainingL)signalsG)ignoredC)conclusionD)difficultH)legallyM)significantlyN)sourceI)manipulatedJ)recommendedE)emergesO)ultimateSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Howtobetterworktowardslong-termgoalsA)HalHershfield,apsychologistattheUCLAAndersonSchoolofManagement,wantedtoknowwhypeopleweren’tsavingforretirement.Acrosstheboard,peoplearelivinglonger.Logically,they’llneedmoremoneytolivecomfortablyintheirpost-workyears.Andyet,savingsratesintheU.S.havegonedowninrecentdecades,notup.B)Tohelpexplainthisseeminglyirrationalbehavior,Hershfieldandhisteamscannedthebrainsofstudyparticipantswhileaskingthemtowhatdegreevarioustraits(特征)—like“honorable”or“funny”—appliedtotheircurrentself,theirfutureself,acurrentother,orafutureother.Asparticipantsanswered,Hershfield’steamrecordedwhichpartsoftheirbrainslitup.Unsurprisingly,people’sbrainsweremostactivewhenthinkingabouttheircurrentselvesandleastactivewhenthinkingaboutacurrentother.Buttheteamfoundthatparticipants’brainactivitywhileconsideringtheirfutureselvesmorecloselyresembledtheirbrainactivitywhilethinkingaboutacurrentotherratherthanthecurrentself.C)Putinpracticalterms,whenthinkingofyourselfinamonthorayearoradecade,yourbrainregistersthatpersoninwayssimilartohowitwouldregisterTaylorSwiftorthemailman.Understoodinthatway,savingforretirementistheequivalentofgivingmoneyawaytosomeoneelseentirely.D)InlightofHershfield’sstudy,onesimplequestionarises:Isitpossibletomakeourpresentselvesgiveadamnaboutourfutureselves?Theanswersareanythingbutsimple.E)Seenthroughthelensofthepresentselfversusthefutureself,ourself-defeatingactions—likechoosingtowatchtelevisionratherthangotothegym—suddenlymakeperfectsense.Wegettoenjoytheveryconcrete,immediatebenefitsofouractionswhilesomeoneelse(namely,ourfutureselves)suffersthehypothetical(假設的),far-offconsequences.Asaresult,thedecisionswemakeforourpresentselvesoftenlookverydifferentfromourdecisionsforourfutureselves.Webelievethattomorrowwillbedifferent.Webelievethatwewillbedifferenttomorrow;butindoingso,weprioritizeourcurrentmoodovertheconsequencesofourinactionforthefutureself.F)Understandingourprocrastination(拖延)throughthelensofthepresentandfutureselves,we’releftwiththreepossiblesolutions:Thefirstistoforceyourfutureselftodowhateveryourpresentselfdoesn’twanttodo.Thesecondistoconvinceyourpresentselfthatyourfutureselfis,infact,stillyou.Ifthecentralproblemisthatwethinkofourfutureselvesasotherpeople,itfollowsthattryingtoidentifymorecloselywithourfutureselveswillencourageustomakebetterlong-termdecisions.G)Inafollow-upstudy,Hershfieldwantedtoexplorewaystobridgethedisconnectbetweenthepresentandfutureselvesandencouragepeopletosavemoreforretirement.Heandhisteamtookphotosofstudyparticipants,andthenusedimageprocessingtovisuallyagetheirfaces.Participantswerethenplacedinavirtualrealitysettingwheretheycouldlookintoamirrorandseetheiragedselveslookingbackatthem.Participantswhosawtheiragedselvessaidtheywouldsave30%moreoftheirsalaryforretirementthanthecontrolgroup.H)Whateveryourlong-termgoalsmaybe—gettinginbettershape,launchingyourownbusiness,writingabook—thinkingaboutyourdeadlineintermsofdaysratherthanmonthsoryearscanhelpyouwrapyourmindaroundhowclosethefuturereallyis.I)Thethirdsolutionistoforgetaboutyourfutureselfanduseyourpresentself’sloveofinstantgratification(滿足感)toyouradvantage.Whilethetwotactics(手段)abovecanbeeffectiveinmakingbetterlong-termchoices,intheend,you’restillstrugglingagainst

humannature.Ourbrainsarehard-wiredforinstantgratification.Insteadoffightingyourpresentself’sneedforimmediaterewards,whynotuseittoyouradvantage?Whenmostofussetgoals,wefocusonlong-termresultswewanttosee—e.g.,losingweight,gettingapromotion,retiringincomfort,etc.Whilethosevisionsofourfutureselvescanbeinspiring,whenitcomestoactuallydoingtheday-to-daywork,itmaybemoreeffectivetoreframeactivitiesintermsoftheirimmediate,oratleastverynear-term,rewards.J)Takewritingthisarticle,forinstance.It’seasyformetoimaginehowamazingitwillfeelattheendoftheworkdaytohavethisarticledone.Thisisn’tjustmyopinion.ResearchpartnersKaitlinWoolleyofCornellUniversityandAyeletFishbachoftheUniversityofChicagohavemadeacareeroutofstudyingthedifferencesbetweenthegoalsthatpeopleachieveandtheonesthatfalltothewayside.K)“Inonestudy,weaskedpeopleonlineaboutthegoalstheysetatthebeginningoftheyear.Mostpeoplesetgoalstoachievedelayed,long-termbenefits,suchascareeradvancement,debtrepayment,orimprovedhealth.Weaskedtheseindividualshowenjoyableitwastopursuetheirgoal,aswellashowimportanttheirgoalwas.Wealsoaskedwhethertheywerestillworkingontheirgoalstwomonthsaftersettingthem.Wefoundthatenjoymentpredictedpeople’sgoalpersistencetwomonthsaftersettingthegoalfarmorethanhowimportanttheyratedtheirgoaltobe,”Woolleysaid.L)Thispatternheldtrueacrossawidevarietyofgoalsfromexercisingtostudyingtoeatinghealthierfoods.Forexample,peopleate50%moreofahealthyfoodwhendirectedtofocusonthegoodtasteratherthanthelong-termhealthbenefits.Otherstudieshaveshownagreateruptakeofexerciseinpeoplewhoweretoldtothinkoftheenjoymentofdoingtheexercisenowratherthanfuturehealthgains.M)Thesefindingssuggestthatwhenitcomestoachievingyourgoals,enjoyingtheprocessitselfismoreimportantthanwantingthelong-termbenefits.Inotherwords,presentselftrumps(戰(zhàn)勝)futureself.Whosaysinstantgratificationhastobeabadthing?Byallmeans,setambitiouslong-termgoalsforyourfutureself,butwhenitcomestoactuallyfollowingthroughday-to-day,makesureyourpresentselfknowswhat’sinitforhertoo.36.Ourbrainsaregeneticallydeterminedtosatisfyimmediatedesires.37.Takeninapracticalway,savingforpost-workyearsislikegivingmoneyawaytoothers.38.Researchfoundthat,asregardsachievementofone’sgoals,itisimportanttofocusmoreonenjoyingtheprocessthanthelong-termbenefits.39.Regardingourfutureselvesasstillbeingourselveswillhelpusmakebetterlong-termdecisions.40.SavingsratesinAmericahavedroppedinrecentdecadeseventhoughpeople’slifeexpectancyhasincreased.41.Researchersfoundthatenjoymentratherthanimportanceenabledpeopletopersistintheirgoals.42.Whenmakingdecisions,wegiveprioritytoourcurrentframeofmindwithoutthinkingmuchoftheconsequences.43.Peopleatemoreofahealthyfoodwhentheyfocusedonitsgoodtasteinsteadofitslong-termbenefits.

44.Aswasexpected,whenpeoplethoughtoftheirpresentselves,theirbrainswereobservedtobecomemoreactive.45.Researchersfoundthatparticipantswhosawtheimagesoftheiragedselveswouldsavemorefortheirlateryearsthanthosewhodidn’t.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Peopleoftenwonderwhysomeentrepreneurshavegreatersuccessthanothers.Isithabits,connections,luck,workethicoranyotherbehavior?Ibelievethekeytosuccessiswillpower.Willpoweristheabilitytocontrolyourself.Itisastrongdeterminationthatallowsyoutodosomethingdifficult.Itisabehaviorwearebornwithmorethanonewelearn;however,itispossibletonotonlylearnit,butalsostrengthenitwithconstantexercise.Willpowerisjustlikeamuscle;tokeepitstrongyouneedtoconstantlyexerciseit.Peoplewithagreatamountofwillpowerhavethedisciplinetodeveloppositive,successfulhabits.Evenwithanincredibleamountoftalent,withoutthedisciplineandmotivationtocreatepositivehabits,itcanbedifficulttoachievesuccess.Willpowerandhabitsgohandinhand.Itiscriticaltocreategoodhabitsandtaketheactionsnecessarytosticktothosehabitsdayinanddayoutforgreatersuccess.Almosthalfofourdailyactionsarepartofourhabitsandnotdecisions,sooncethecorrecthabitsareinplace,youwillautomaticallyperformthosetasksonaday-todaybasis.Thebestwaytocreateandsticktoahabitistohavestrongmotivation.It’seasiertochangeyourhabitstoloseweightifyouhaveahealthissueandyouwanttobearoundlongerforyourkids,orifyourbusinessissomethingyou’repassionateabout.Havingavaluableoutcomeassociatedwithahabitwillhelpyousticktothathabitpermanently.Theartofself-controlisonethatmostsuccessfulindividualshavemastered.Self-controlenablesyoutoavoidbehaviorsthatdon’tcontributetoyoursuccessandadoptthosethatdo.Becausethereisadelayedsatisfactionassociatedwithself-control,itcanbeeasytogetofftrack.However,ifyouworkonstickingtothosesmallpositivehabitsonedayatatime,itbecomeseasiertostaystrongandachievethatdelayedreward.Oncearewardisachieved,itismucheasiertocontinuestickingtoyourhabits.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayweneedtodotostrengthenourwillpower?A)Keepitundercontrol.C)Learnfromentrepreneurs.B)Applyitcontinuously.D)Aimatsuccessdeterminedly.47.Howarealmosthalfofourdailyactionsperformedaccordingtothepassage?A)Outofhabit.C)Likemusclebuilding.B)Withdetermination.D)Byself-discipline.

48.Whatwillhelppeoplesticktodoingsomethingconstructiveautomatically?A)Practisingitonaday-to-daybasis.C)Possessingareasonableamountoftalent.B)Associatingitwithimprovinghealth.D)Foreseeingthedesiredoutcomeitwillyield.49.Howdoestheartofself-controlhelpussucceed?A)Byallowingustoremainclear-headedpermanently.B)Byenablingustoalterourbehaviorsconstantly.C)Byenablingustotakepositiveactions.D)Byallowingustoavoidtakingrisks.50.Whycanitbedifficultforustomaintainself-control?A)Mostofusarenotinthehabitofexercisingself-control.B)Wemaynotgetimmediaterewardsfromself-control.C)Self-controltendstobeassociatedwithpains.D)Self-controlonlybringsaboutsmallbenefits.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Today,mostscientificresearchisfundedbygovernmentgrants,companiesdoingresearchanddevelopment,andnon-profitfoundations.Asasociety,wereaptherewardsfromthisscience,butwealsohelppayforit.Youindirectlysupportsciencethroughtaxesyoupay,productsandservicesyoupurchase,anddonationsyoumake.Fundingforsciencehaschangedwiththetimes.Historically,sciencehasbeenlargelysupportedthroughprivatepatronage(資助),churchsponsorship,orsimplypayingfortheresearchyourself.Today,researchersarelikelytobefundedbyamixofgrantsfromvariousgovernmentagencies,institutions,andfoundations.Otherresearchisfundedbyprivatecompanies.Suchcorporatesponsorshipiswidespreadinsomefields.Almost75%ofU.S.clinicaltrialsinmedicinearepaidforbyprivatecompanies.And,ofcourse,someresearcherstodaystillfundsmall-scalestudiesoutoftheirownpockets.Mostofuscan’taffordtodonuclearresearchasaprivatehobby,butbirdwatchers,rockcollectors,andotherscandorealresearchonalimitedbudget.Inaperfectworld,moneywouldn’tmatter—allscientificstudieswouldbecompletelyobjective.Butintherealworld,fundingmayintroducebiases.Drugresearchsponsoredbythepharmaceutical(制藥的)industryismorelikelytoendupfavoringthedrugunderconsiderationthanstudiessponsoredbygovernmentgrantsorcharitableorganizations.Similarly,nutritionresearchsponsoredbythefoodindustryismorelikelytoendupfavoringthefoodunderconsiderationthanindependentlyfundedresearch.Sowhatshouldwemakeofallthis?Shouldweignoreanyresearchfundedbycompaniesorspecialinterestgroups?Certainlynot.Thesegroupsprovideinvaluablefundingforscientificresearch.Furthermore,sciencehasmanysafeguardsinplacetocatchinstancesofbiasthataffectresearchoutcomes.Ultimately,misleadingresultswillbecorrectedasscienceproceeds;however,thisprocesstakestime.Meanwhile,itpaystoexaminestudiesfundedbyindustryorspecialinterestgroupswithextracare.Aretheresultsconsistentwithotherindependentlyfundedstudies?Whatdootherscientistshavetosayaboutthisresearch?Alittleexaminationcangoalongwaytowardsidentifyingbiasassociatedwiththefundingsource.

51.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscussregardingscientificresearch?A)Itsfoundation.B)Itsrewards.C)Itsprospect.D)Itsfunding.52.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutresearcherslikebirdwatchersandrockcollectors?A)Theyhavelittleaccesstogovernmentfunding.B)Theycandoresearchwithlimitedresources.C)Theycandoamateurworkintheirownfields.D)Theyhavenomeansforlarge-scaleresearch.53.Whatwouldscientificstudieslooklikeinaperfectworldaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theywouldbetotallyunbiased.B)Theywouldbeindependentlyfunded.C)Theywouldberesponsiblyconducted.D)Theywouldbestrictlysupervised.54.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcompaniesandspecialinterestgroups?A)Theytryhardtopulldownthesafeguardsforresearch.B)Theymakeextraeffortstoresearchtheirownproducts.C)Theyprovidevaluableresourcesforscientificresearch.D)Theyreapthemostbenefitsfromscientificresearch.55.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofresearchfundedbyindustryorspecialinterestgroups?A)Itsrecommendationsshouldbeexaminedforfeasibility.B)Itsmisl