常考語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞要牢記2.要注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響3.already常用于肯定句中，yet常用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中4.含有since或for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中：since作介詞時(shí)后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，作連詞時(shí)所引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；for則加一段時(shí)間對(duì)since或for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn)用howlong，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。since或for引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換1.當(dāng)句中含有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)2.要注意have/hasbeento(去過(guò))和have/hasgoneto(去了)的區(qū)別例句Hehasalreadyfinisheddoinghishomework.他已經(jīng)做完了他的家庭作業(yè)?！鶫ehasn’tfinisheddoinghishomeworkyet.(否定句)他還沒(méi)有做完他的家庭作業(yè)。Haveyoufoundyourruleryet?你已經(jīng)找到你的尺子了嗎？Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.自他是個(gè)孩子起，他就住在英格蘭。Theyhavehadthehousesincefiveyearsago.他們已經(jīng)擁有這所房子五年了。Howlonghavetheybeenhere?他們?cè)谶@里多久了？HehasgonetoBeijing.Haveyoubeenthere?他去北京了。你去過(guò)那兒?jiǎn)幔縿?dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)1.熟記后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，如want,plan,hope,wish,choose,decide,learn,refuse,expect,wouldlike等2.動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是nottodosth3.熟記后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，如enjoy,finish,keep,mind,practise,suggest,feellike,giveup等IwanttolearnEnglishwell.我想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。Hehopestobeeafamouswriter.他希望成為一名著名的作家。Shedecidedtovisithergrandparentsnextweekend.她決定下周末去看望她的祖父母。Ihopenottobelateforthemeeting.我希望開(kāi)會(huì)不要遲到。Didtheyenjoyeatingmooncakes?他們喜歡吃月餅嗎？Wefinishedcleaningtheclassroom.我們打掃完教室了。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.熟記常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如ask,tell,want,teach,invite,allow等。2.熟記常見(jiàn)的接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如make,let,have,see,hear,notice,watch等。3.help后可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，也可以接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例句：Theteachertoldthestudentstoreviewthelessonsbeforetheexam.老師告訴學(xué)生們?cè)诳荚嚽皬?fù)習(xí)功課。Theschoolinvitedafamousscientisttogivealecture.學(xué)校邀請(qǐng)了一位著名的科學(xué)家來(lái)做講座。Iheardhimsingasongjustnow.我剛才聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他唱了一首歌。Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dothehouseworkonweekends.我經(jīng)常在周末幫媽媽做家務(wù)。動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)1.含義：為了做某事2.位置：可以放在句首，也可以放在句末例句：Shegoestheretoenjoythefreshair.她去那兒享受新鮮空氣。Tokeephealthy,sheexerciseseverymorning.為了保持健康，她每天早上鍛煉。Hereadsalotofbookstoimprovehisknowledge.他閱讀大量書(shū)籍以增長(zhǎng)知識(shí)。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.含義：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)為：was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(第一、三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)用was)。2.肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他。3.否定句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他。4.一般疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were.否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+wasn’t/weren’t.例句：Iwashavingdinnerat7:00yesterdayevening.昨晚七點(diǎn)，我正在吃飯。Iwasnothavingdinnerat7:00yesterdayevening.昨晚七點(diǎn)，我沒(méi)在吃飯?！猈ereyouhavingdinnerat7:00yesterdayevening?昨晚七點(diǎn)你正在吃飯嗎？—Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.是的，我在吃。/不，我沒(méi)有。練習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))1.—WhereisMr.Wang?—He______tothelibrary.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.wentD.goes2.Mybrother______Englishsincehewassixyearsold.A.learnsB.learnedC.haslearnedD.hadlearned3.—______haveyoulivedinthiscity?—Forabouttenyears.A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.Howfar4.They______eachotherforfiveyears.A.haveknownB.knewC.knowD.areknowing5.I______myhomeworkalready.Icanplaynow.A.finishB.finishedC.havefinishedD.willfinish6.Shehasworkedinthispany______2010.A.forB.sinceC.inD.from7.—Haveyoufoundyourlostwatch______?—Not______.A.yet;yetB.already;alreadyC.yet;alreadyD.already;yet8.He______Beijingtwice.Heknowsthecitywell.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.goesto9.We______tothenewparkyet.Let'sgotherethisweekend.A.haven'tbeenB.havebeenC.didn'tgoD.went10.Themovie______forfifteenminutes.A.hasbegunB.beganC.hasbeenonD.begins二、用所給詞的正確形式填空(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)1.Iwant______(be)ascientistwhenIgrowup.2.Sheenjoys______(read)booksinherfreetime.3.Myfatherdecided______(buy)anewcarnextmonth.4.Wouldyoumind______(open)thewindow?It'stoohot.5.Theyplan______(visit)theGreatWallduringtheholiday.6.Theteachermademe______(clean)theclassroomagain.7.Ioftenhearher______(sing)inthenextroom.8.Wefinished______(do)ourhomeworkanhourago.9.Hehopes______(get)goodgradesinthefinalexam.10.Mymotherletme______(watch)TVforhalfanhour.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí))1.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00yesterdayevening.(改為否定句)__________________________________________________2.Theywereplayingbasketballatthattime.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)__________________________________________________3.Wasshewashingclotheswhenyoucalled?(作肯定回答)__________________________________________________4.Weweren'twatchingTVat9:00lastnight.(改為肯定句)__________________________________________________5.Hewasreadingabookinthelibrary.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))__________________________________________________6.Thestudentswerelisteningtotheteachercarefully.(改為否定句)__________________________________________________7.MyparentswerecookingdinnerwhenIgothome.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句)__________________________________________________8.Wereyouwaitingforthebusatthattime?(作否定回答)__________________________________________________9.Shewasn'tsleepingwhenIknockedatthedoor.(改為肯定句)__________________________________________________10.Theyweretalkingaboutthemovie.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn))__________________________________________________四、改錯(cuò)題1.Ihaveseenthatmovietwodaysago.2.ShehasgonetoShanghaithreetimes.3.Theyhavemarriedfortenyears.4.Hehaslefthomefortwohours.5.Mybrotherhasjoinedthearmysince2020.6.Theoldmanhasdiedforthreeyears.7.Ihaveboughtthisbikefortwoyears.8.Shehasehereforaweek.9.Theyhavefinishedtheirworkforthreehours.10.HehasarrivedinBeijingfortwodays.五、完形填空It1heavilywhenI2homeyesterday.I3anumbrellawithme,soI4underatree.WhileI5there,IsawmyfriendTom.He6hiscarbytheroad.He7tofixitforhalfanhourbutstillcouldn'tstartit.I8himwiththecar.Finally,we9tostartit.Tom10meverymuch.1.A.rainsB.wasrainingC.rainedD.hasrained2.A.goB.wasgoingC.wentD.amgoing3.A.don'thaveB.didn'thaveC.haven'thadD.hadn't4.A.waitB.waitedC.waswaitingD.amwaiting5.A.waitB.waitedC.waswaitingD.amwaiting6.A.stopsB.stoppedC.wasstoppingD.hasstopped7.A.triesB.triedC.hastriedD.hadtried8.A.helpB.helpedC.washelpingD.havehelped9.A.manageB.managedC.weremanagingD.havemanaged10.A.thanksB.thankedC.wasthankingD.hasthanked六、翻譯句子1.為了通過(guò)考試，他每天努力學(xué)習(xí)。___________________________________________________2.我媽媽讓我每天練習(xí)鋼琴。__________________________________________________3.自從去年以來(lái)，我就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。__________________________________________________4.昨晚八點(diǎn)你在做什么？__________________________________________________5.他決定放棄吸煙。__________________________________________________6.我喜歡在周末去游泳。__________________________________________________7.他們已經(jīng)完成了工作。__________________________________________________8.當(dāng)我進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)，他正在看電視。__________________________________________________9.老師告訴我們要按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。__________________________________________________10.為了保持健康，她每天跑步。__________________________________________________答案部分一、單項(xiàng)選擇15:BCBAC610:BAAAC二、用所給詞的正確形式填空1.tobe2.reading3.tobuy4.opening5.tovisit6.clean7.sing8.doing9.toget10.watch三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Iwasn'tdoingmyhomeworkat8:00yesterdayevening.2.Weretheyplayingbasketballatthattime?3.Yes,shewas.4.WewerewatchingTVat9:00lastnight.5.Whatwashedoinginthelibrary?6.Thestudentsweren'tlisteningtotheteachercarefully.7.Wereyourparentscookingdinnerwhenyougothome?8.No,Iwasn't.9.ShewassleepingwhenIknockedatthedoor.10.Whatweretheytalkingabout?四、改錯(cuò)題1.Isawthatmovietwodaysa