Unit21.congratulationn.祝賀，恭喜；賀辭Congratulations!恭喜恭喜！Congratulations(tosb.)onsth.祝賀（某人）某事offer/sendone’scongratulations(to…)onsth.因某事（向…）致以祝賀 FriendssendtheircongratulationstoTimbecausehehasbeenadmittedintoPekingUniversity.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）congratulatevt.向（某人）道賀congratulatesb.onsth.因某事向某人道賀congratulateoneselfonsth.因某事感到自豪 Icongratulatemyselfontakingfirstplaceinthewritingcontest.2.assumev.1）以為，假設(shè)assume(that)…假設(shè)…；認(rèn)為…assumesb./sthn./obe+n./adj.以為某人/某物是…Itis(generally)assumedthat…人們（普遍）認(rèn)為… Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressmaybecausedbytoomuchwork.2）開始掌管/承擔(dān)責(zé)任 Heisreadytoassumecontroloftheorganization.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）assumptionn.假設(shè)makeanassumption做出假設(shè)ontheassumptionthat…假定…2）assumingconj.假定，假設(shè)3.tendv.往往會；常常就；趨向；傾向；易于；照料tendtodo往往會發(fā)生某事；易于做某事 Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.tendto/towards…傾向于…tendtosb.照顧某人 Sofiawasinthebedroomtendingtoherson.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）tendencyn.傾向；偏好；趨勢havea/thetendencytodo有做某事的趨勢 Forinstance,wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.4.reducev.減少reduce…to…把…減少到… Ourexpenseshavebeenreducedto2000yuanonemonth.reduce…by…把…減少了 Theyreducedthepricesby30%.Youhadbettergoandbuysomethinginahurry.1）reduce…to…使淪為，使陷入窘境（常用被動）bereducedtotears流下眼淚 Jennywasreducedtotearsbyherteacher’scriticism.bereducedtoruins淪為廢墟 Theoldbuildinghasbeenreducedtoruins,smellyanddirty.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）reductionn.減少，降低makeareduction減少；減價(jià)5.range1）v.包括（各種不同的人或物）；（價(jià)格、溫度、水平等）在某范圍內(nèi)變化rangefrom…to…在…到…之間變化 ThisTVprogrammehasamassiveaudience,rangingfromchildrentotheelderly.rangebetween…and…在…和…之間變化2）n.一系列；范圍，界限；山脈；射程；a(wide)rangeof各種各樣的in/withinrange(of…)在（…可及的）范圍內(nèi) Collegestudentsareofmanydifferentagesandefromawiderangeofsocial,culturalandeconomicbackgrounds.outof/beyondrange(of…)超出（…）的范圍 Thepricewasbeyondourrange,sowedeclined.6.energyn.精力，活力；能量，能源apply/devoteone’senergiesto(doing)把某人精力投到（做）某事上 I’lldevotemyenergiespletelytothestudyofhumangeography.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）energeticadj.精力充沛的，充滿活力的2）energeticallyadv.積極地；精力充沛地7.average1）n.平均；平均數(shù)onaverage平均地 Remembering70newwordsaweekmeansrememberingonlytenwordsadayonaverage.2）adj.平均地；正常的；普通的8.injuryn.損傷；傷害dosb.aninjury傷害某人（=doaninjurytosb.） Don’tdothat.You’lldoyourselfaninjury.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）injuredadj.受傷的；委屈的be/getseriously/slightlyinjured受重傷/輕傷2）injurev.使受傷，弄傷；傷害 Sheinjuredherarmintheaccident.[易混辨析]injure/hurt/wound/harm易混詞用法例句injure尤指因意外事故使身體某部位受到傷害，強(qiáng)調(diào)身體部位受到損傷Fivepeoplewereinjuredinthecarcrash.撞車事故中有五人受傷。hurt指對身體造成傷害，一般會引起疼痛；也指情感方面受傷，日常英語中，hurt更常用Emmahurtherbackwhenshefelloffherhorse.愛瑪從馬上摔下來，背部受了傷。wound尤指在戰(zhàn)爭或毆打中受到刀、槍等武器的傷害Thebulletwoundedhimintheshoulder.子彈打傷了他的肩膀。harm指傷害人的健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth.吸煙損害你的健康。9.preventprevent…(from)doingsth.阻止…做某事 Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthem(from)turningbrown.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）preventionn.預(yù)防，防范2）preventableadj.可防止的，可阻止的，可預(yù)防的3）preventiveadj.預(yù)防的10.equipmentn.裝備，設(shè)備，用具Youdon’tneedexpensiveequipment.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）equipv.配備；裝備；使有所準(zhǔn)備esb./oneself/sb./sth.withsth.用某物裝備某人 Heequippedhimselfwithastreetplan.beequippedwith…裝有…；裝備有…beequippedfor…對…有準(zhǔn)備 I’llbewellequippedforanewtask.11.lack1）v.缺乏；沒有 Thehouselacksbasicfurniture.2）n.缺乏；匱乏；短缺(a)lackof…缺乏… Alackoffoodmadepeoplesuffer.forlackof…由于缺乏… Hewasfiredbythebossforlackofskills.nolackof…不乏…[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）lackingadj.缺乏的belackingin…缺乏… Thepaintingislackinginoriginality.12.announcev.宣布；公布；通知；聲稱announcesth.tosb.向某人宣布某事（不能說announcesb.sth.） ThepanyannounceditsdecisiontothepublicinMarch,Itis/wasannouncedthat…據(jù)宣布…Itwasannouncedthatthememberofprimaryschoolsinthatcityhadgrown120.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）announcementn.通告，公告makeanannouncement發(fā)表公告 Thegallerymadeanannouncementthattherewouldbeanartexhibitionthenextweek.2）announcern.播音員；節(jié)目主持人13.update1）v.①更新 Youshouldhavethedataupdatedonceaweek.=2\*GB3②向…提供最新消息updatesb.onsth.向某人提供某物的最新信息 Wewillupdateyouonthisnewsstorythroughouttheday.2）n.（計(jì)算機(jī)文件的）更新；最新消息 It’sanupdateofapreviousversionofthesoftware.14.inresponse(to…)（對…的）回答/反應(yīng) Inresponsetotheaudience’sgreatdemand,theplaywillbeputoninthetheatretwiceaweek.makearesponsetosth.對某事做出回應(yīng)[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）respondv.回答；回應(yīng)respondto…回答…；對…做出反應(yīng) Knowingbasicfirstaidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.2）responsibleadj.負(fù)責(zé)的；有責(zé)任心的beresponsiblefor…對…負(fù)責(zé) Agovernment,whichisresponsibleforsociety,mustgetacrosstoitspeoplehowimportanttheenvironmentalpreservationis.3）responsibilityn.責(zé)任takeresponsibilityfor…承擔(dān)…的責(zé)任 Weneedtotakeresponsibilityforourownhealth.15.replacev.替換replace…with/by…用…替換… Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）replacementn.替換2）replaceableadj.可代替的16.position1）v.安裝，安置，使處于 Largetelevisionscreenswerepositionedateitherendofthestadium.2）n.=1\*GB3①位置；姿勢in/outofposition在/不在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?Noticingachairoutofposition,heputitbackinpositionatonce.ina(n)…position(todo)（做某事）處于…的處境=2\*GB3②觀點(diǎn)，態(tài)度，立場takethepositionthat…認(rèn)為… Theprincipaltookthepositionthatstudentsshouldhaveenoughexercise.=3\*GB3③職務(wù)，職位=4\*GB3④處境；形勢；狀況17.hesitatev.猶豫，遲疑hesitateover/about(doing)sth.對（做）某事猶豫 Hewasstillhesitateoverwhethertoleaveornot.hesitatetodosth.做某事有疑慮 Someparentshesitatetotakethesestepsbecausethesuspectthattheirchildisexaggerating.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）hesitationn.猶豫；躊躇；遲疑withouthesitation毫不猶豫地 OnceIdecidewhatIwanttodo,Iwilldoitwithouthesitation.2）hesitantadj.猶豫的；遲疑的18.admitv.（不情愿地）承認(rèn)；允許…進(jìn)入；接納admitto(doing)sth.承認(rèn)（做）某事 Ihavetoadmittobeingalittlesurprised.admitsb.to/intosth.準(zhǔn)許某人進(jìn)入/加入…beadmittedto/into…被…錄取 Menwillnotbeadmittedtotherestaurantwithoutatie.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）admissionn.允許進(jìn)入；入場費(fèi)；承認(rèn)19.inspirev.激勵，鼓舞；賦予靈感；啟發(fā)思考；使產(chǎn)生（情感）inspiresb.todosth.(withsth.)（用某物）激勵某人做某事 Heinspiredmanyyoungpeopletotakeupthesport.inspiresb.withsth.使某人產(chǎn)生（感覺或情感）=inspiresth.insb. Herworkdidn’texactlyinspiremewithconfidence.[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）inspiredadj.卓越的；激動人心的2）inspiringadj.鼓舞人心的3）inspirationn.靈感；啟發(fā)靈感的人（或事物）20.explorev.探索；勘探；探究[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）explorern.探險(xiǎn)家2）explorationn.探險(xiǎn)21.master1）n.高手；主人；碩士 Theylivedinfearoftheirmaster.2）v.精通，掌握（=haveagoodknowledgeof）；控制（情緒） Frenchwasalanguagehehadnevermastered.22.satisfactionn.滿足；令人滿意的事toone’ssatisfaction令某人滿意的是withsatisfaction滿意地 IlookbackonmytimeintheUKwithsatisfaction.asenseofsatisfaction滿足感[詞形轉(zhuǎn)換]1）satisfyv.使?jié)M意；滿足satisfyone’sneeds/demand/curiosity滿足某人的需求/好奇心 Hisanswersatisfiedmycuriosity.2）satisfiedadj.滿意的，滿足的besatisfiedwith…對…滿意 Hewassatisfiedwithhispresentlife.3）satisfactoryadj.令人滿意的4）satisfyingadj.令人高興的，令人滿意的 It’ssatisfyingtoplayagamereallywell.23.root1）n.根；根源takeroot生根 Sincethatday,adreamhastaken