專題十四非謂語動(dòng)詞廣東省近五年中考統(tǒng)計(jì)(※語法選擇◆完形填空★短文填空)考點(diǎn)2020年2021年2022年2023年2024年動(dòng)詞不定式※tomake★towear★(what)todo※(e)toenjoy※totake★todrink※toleave※tobuy動(dòng)詞的-ing形式—◆encouraging——※exciting(movie)過去分詞—————備考建議從近五年廣東省中考的情況來看，非謂語動(dòng)詞是必考點(diǎn)，考查的主要是動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式?？忌?025年備考時(shí)仍要重點(diǎn)掌握動(dòng)詞不定式，但同時(shí)也要掌握動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、動(dòng)詞的-ed形式和省略to的不定式的用法。非謂語動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不能用作謂語的動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞分為三種形式：動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和過去分詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞不受人稱和數(shù)的限制。除了不能單獨(dú)作謂語外，可以承擔(dān)句子的任何成分。注：課標(biāo)(2022年版)對(duì)后面兩者僅作理解要求，本書不再詳細(xì)闡述。動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的用法：根據(jù)課標(biāo)(2022年版)，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和目的狀語是考生應(yīng)該掌握的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。

成分用法舉例作主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式，其位置有以下兩種：①把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首；②把動(dòng)詞不定式后置，常用it作形式主語，把真正的主語(動(dòng)詞不定式)置于句后It'lltakeusaboutfourdaystogettothatplace.我們將花大約四天的時(shí)間抵達(dá)那個(gè)地方。Toprotectourenvironmentisveryimportant.保護(hù)好我們的環(huán)境是非常重要的。作賓語①只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：hope，want，wouldlike，decide，wish，choose，agree，ask，expect等；②“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”可作賓語【注意】當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語中的賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)，先用形式賓語it代替動(dòng)詞不定式，把動(dòng)詞不定式置于補(bǔ)語之后，即：主語＋謂語動(dòng)詞＋it＋補(bǔ)語＋todoJimwantstogivemesomemoney.吉姆想給我一些錢。Marydidn'tknowwheretogoandwhattodo.瑪麗不知道該去哪里、該做什么。Ifeelitfortabletolieinthesofa.我覺得躺在沙發(fā)上很舒服。作補(bǔ)語①常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：ask，tell，want，teach，help，invite，advise，encourage等；②有些動(dòng)詞(如hear，let，make，have，see，watch，notice等)用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。但這些動(dòng)詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，須加上to【注意】動(dòng)詞不定式可作形容詞補(bǔ)足語Inthepast，weoftentaughtthechildrentotellstories.在過去，我們經(jīng)常教孩子們講故事。Isawthemangointotheshop.我看見這個(gè)男人進(jìn)了這家商店?！鶷hemanwasseentogointotheshop.這個(gè)男人被看見進(jìn)了這家商店。Iamafraidtostayathomealone.我害怕獨(dú)自待在家里。作表語①動(dòng)詞不定式作表語時(shí)，表示具體動(dòng)作或?qū)韯?dòng)作；②當(dāng)主語是duty，wish，idea，job，dream等詞時(shí)，常用動(dòng)詞不定式作表語，以說明主語的內(nèi)容Idon'tknowwhatistohappentous.我不知道我們會(huì)發(fā)生什么事。Herfather'sjobwastolookafterred-crownedcranes.她父親的工作就是照顧丹頂鶴。作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，與其所修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.我有許多作業(yè)要做。作狀語動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般要和句子的主語保持一致Hewenttheretoseehisgrandpa.他去那里是為了探望他的爺爺?！就卣埂坎粠o的動(dòng)詞不定式句型句型舉例Whynotdosth.？＝Whydon'sb.dosb.dosth.？為什么不做某事？Whynotgoouttoseeafilmwithme？＝Whydon'tyougoouttoseeafilmwithme？為什么不和我一起出去看電影呢？woulddo…ratherthando…(＝wouldratherdo…thando…＝prefertodo…ratherthando…＝preferdoing…todoing…)寧愿做……不愿做……Iwouldratherstayathomethangoouttoplay.我寧愿待在家里也不愿出去玩。Hepreferstohaveclassratherthanhavearest.他寧愿上課也不愿休息。wouldrather(not)do…寧愿(不)做…Iwouldrathernotplaywithhim.我寧愿不和他玩。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的具體用法如下：成分用法舉例作主語表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作Goingtoschoolchangedmylife.上學(xué)改變了我的人生。作賓語①有些動(dòng)詞需用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式來作賓語，如mind，suggest等；②介詞后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語Afteraboutanhour，theystoppedplayingfootballandrested.大約一個(gè)小時(shí)后，他們停止踢足球休息了。I'minterestedinplayingbasketball.我對(duì)打籃球感興趣。作表語作表語時(shí)相當(dāng)于名詞，說明主語的含義及內(nèi)容；它與主語是同等關(guān)系Hishobbyiscollectingstampsandpostcards.他的愛好是收集郵票和明信片。作定語作定語時(shí)，表示它所修飾的名詞的性能和用途Hesleptinthesleepingbag.他在睡袋里睡覺?！就卣埂?1)有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以接不定式，又可以接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。如：begintodo/doingsth.開始做某事starttodo/doingsth.開始做某事hatetodo/doingsth.討厭做某事love/liketodo/doingsth.熱愛/喜歡做某事(2)有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以接不定式，又可以接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，意義區(qū)別較大。如：remembertodosth.記得做某事(還未做)rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事(做過了)forgettodosth.忘記做某事(還未做)forgetdoingsth.忘記做過某事(做過了)regrettodosth.遺憾去做某事(還未做)regretdoingsth.后悔做過某事(做過了)trytodosth.努力做某事trydoingsth.嘗試做某事stoptodosth.停下來去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事(3)helptodosth.＝helpdosth.幫助做某事(4)后接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作賓語的?？紕?dòng)詞(短語)：avoid避免；consider考慮；enjoy喜愛；finish完成；imagine想象；keep保持；mind介意；miss錯(cuò)過；risk冒險(xiǎn)；practice練習(xí)；lookforwardto期待；succeedin成功；giveup放棄；suggest建議；keepon繼續(xù)；feellike想要；get/beusedto習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別分詞區(qū)別舉例現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作Herushedintotheburninghouse.他沖進(jìn)了著火的房子。過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成I'mcallingtoenquireaboutthepositionadvertisedinyesterday'sChinaDaily.我打電話想詢問昨天《中國日報(bào)》上刊登的招聘廣告。()1.(2024廣東)Atweekends，hewatchesmovieswithhisfriends，ortakeshislittlebrothertotheplaycenterthere.A.exciteB.excitementC.exciting()2.(2024廣東)Whenhehassavedenoughmoney，Petergoestothebookstoresgreatbooksanddonatesthemtochildreninneed.A.buyB.tobuyC.bought()3.(2024內(nèi)蒙古)—Jack，rememberoffthelightswhenyouleaveyourbedroom.—OK，Iwill.A.turnedB.turnC.turningD.toturn()4.(2024黑龍江綏化)Mylittlebrothersuggestedforawalk.A.togoB.goingC.goes()5.(2024江蘇揚(yáng)州)Chinahasmadegreateffortsothercountriesbuildhigh-speedrailways.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpingD.helped()6.(2024四川達(dá)州)QiqihopesmedicineinSichuanUniversity.A.studiesB.studyingC.tostudy()7.(2024天津)Peoplemayusedifferentbodylanguagethesamefeelings.A.showB.toshowC.showedD.shows()8.(2023廣東改編)“Ifeellikearealastronautinthespacecamp，andIdon'tevenneedtheearth，”hesaid.A.leaveB.leavingC.toleaveⅠ.語法選擇(2024陜西改編)WhenIwasyoung，Iwasprettygoodatpapercutting.AsIgrewup，I1busyanddidn'thavemuchtimeforit.Later，Istopped2it.However，thenewsIcameacrossonlinetouchedmyheartandchanged3mind.AlittlegirlfromJieyang，Guangdong4liondancewhenaprofessionalliondanceperformanceteampassedby.Assoonastheysawthegirlpracticing，theystarted5thedrumsandgongsforherandquicklyshedid6liondanceinreturn.Peoplearoundallcheeredforher.HerlovefortheancientChinesecultureevoked(喚起)mystrongmemoriesofpapercutting.WhenIwasten，Ijoinedthepapercuttingclub.EveryMondayandFriday，Ilearnedtomakepapercuttingsthere.Ourteacher，Ms.Li，wasverytalented.7apairofscissorsandapieceofpaper，shecouldcreatelivelyworks.8amazedus.Andwelearnedmuchfromher.Together，wecreatedlotsofworks.Theycoveredmanytopics，includinganimals，flowers9thingsaboutChinesehistory.Everytimeweheldapapercuttingshow，ourworksattractedmany10.Thegirlinthenewsencouragedmetogoonwithpapercutting，tobeaninheritor(繼承者)oftheancientChineseculture.()1.A.beeB.becameC.hasbee()2.A.doB.todoC.doing()3.A.myB.meC.mine()4.A.practicesB.ispracticingC.waspracticing()5.A.tobeatB.beatC.beats()6.A.theB.anC.a()7.A.AboutB.WithC.Through()8.A.ThatB.WhichC.These()9.A.butB.andC.so()10.A.visitB.visitorC.visitorsⅡ.短文填空eq\x(blemhowalthoughhelp)(2024四川宜賓改編)HaveyoueverwatchedthemoviePegasus2？It'saedyandit'sreally1..ThemaincharacterisZhangChi.Hewasonceagreat2.，butunluckily，hefailedinaraceandgothurt.Later，hetaughtpeople3.todriveatadrivingschool.4.helivedasimplelife，hestilllovedracing.Whenanoldcarfactoryownerofferedto5.payforhimtoentertheBayanbulakRally(巴音布魯克拉力賽)，Zhangsaidyesatonce.6.thehelpofhistwofriends，Zhangformedateam.Theteamalsohadayoungandskilledracerandastudentwhoreallywantedtolearna