ICS27.140

CCSK55

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T46341—2025

超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)基本技術(shù)條件

Fundamentaltechnicalrequirementsforflexibleoperatinghydropower

turbinesunderultra?wideload

2025?10?05發(fā)布2026?05?01實(shí)施

國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局

國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)發(fā)布

GB/T46341—2025

目次

前言··························································································································Ⅲ

引言··························································································································Ⅳ

1范圍·······················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件········································································································1

3術(shù)語和定義··············································································································2

3.1超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)······················································································2

3.2水輪機(jī)水頭········································································································2

3.3水輪機(jī)流量········································································································3

3.4水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速········································································································3

3.5水輪機(jī)功率········································································································4

3.6水輪機(jī)效率········································································································4

3.7流道主要尺寸·····································································································5

3.8空化、空蝕、磨損··································································································6

3.9水輪機(jī)試驗(yàn)········································································································8

3.10壓力脈動(dòng)··········································································································9

3.11葉道渦、卡門渦街·······························································································9

3.12旋轉(zhuǎn)備用········································································································10

4主要技術(shù)參數(shù)和性能要求··························································································10

4.1一般要求··········································································································10

4.2主要技術(shù)參數(shù)要求······························································································12

4.3主要性能要求····································································································13

4.4主要部件性能····································································································17

4.5工作應(yīng)力和安全系數(shù)···························································································17

4.6材料和制造要求·································································································19

4.7軸系穩(wěn)定性要求·································································································19

4.8轉(zhuǎn)輪靜平衡·······································································································19

4.9轉(zhuǎn)輪裂紋保證····································································································19

4.10可靠性指標(biāo)·····································································································19

5水輪機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、工藝·······························································································20

5.1總體要求··········································································································20

5.2轉(zhuǎn)輪················································································································20

5.3主軸················································································································21

5.4主軸密封··········································································································21

Ⅰ

GB/T46341—2025

5.5水導(dǎo)軸承··········································································································21

5.6座環(huán)················································································································21

5.7蝸殼················································································································21

5.8尾水管·············································································································21

5.9頂蓋················································································································22

5.10底環(huán)和基礎(chǔ)環(huán)··································································································22

5.11導(dǎo)葉和導(dǎo)葉操作機(jī)構(gòu)·························································································22

5.12導(dǎo)葉接力器·····································································································22

5.13補(bǔ)氣系統(tǒng)········································································································23

6水輪機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)基本功能··························································································23

7供貨范圍和備品備件································································································23

7.1供貨范圍··········································································································23

7.2供貨界面··········································································································24

7.3備品、備件········································································································24

8資料與圖紙············································································································24

8.1交付時(shí)間和數(shù)量·································································································24

8.2主要項(xiàng)目··········································································································24

9工廠檢驗(yàn)及試驗(yàn)······································································································25

10銘牌、包裝、運(yùn)輸及保管····························································································26

10.1水輪機(jī)銘牌·····································································································26

10.2包裝及運(yùn)輸·····································································································26

10.3保管··············································································································27

11安裝、運(yùn)行、維護(hù)及驗(yàn)收試驗(yàn)······················································································27

11.1安裝和試運(yùn)行··································································································27

11.2運(yùn)行與維護(hù)·····································································································27

11.3原型驗(yàn)收試驗(yàn)··································································································27

附錄A（資料性）不同水頭下水輪機(jī)壓力脈動(dòng)要求參考值····················································28

附錄B（規(guī)范性）主軸相對振動(dòng)位移峰峰值推薦評價(jià)區(qū)域····················································29

附錄C（資料性）水輪機(jī)設(shè)備基本配置的儀表···································································30

參考文獻(xiàn)····················································································································31

Ⅱ

GB/T46341—2025

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由中國電器工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)提出。

本文件由全國水輪機(jī)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)（SAC/TC175）歸口。

本文件起草單位：哈爾濱電機(jī)廠有限責(zé)任公司、中國電建集團(tuán)成都勘測設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司、東方

電氣集團(tuán)東方電機(jī)有限公司、中國長江三峽集團(tuán)有限公司、大唐水電科學(xué)技術(shù)研究院有限公司、中國電

建集團(tuán)西北勘測設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司、水電水利規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)總院、哈爾濱大電機(jī)研究所有限公司、國網(wǎng)

湖南省電力有限公司電力科學(xué)研究院、中國長江電力股份有限公司、中國水利水電科學(xué)研究院、中國華

電集團(tuán)有限公司、中國電建集團(tuán)華東勘測設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司、中國電建集團(tuán)北京勘測設(shè)計(jì)研究院有

限公司、中國電建集團(tuán)中南勘測設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司、華能瀾滄江水電股份有限公司、上海福伊特水電

設(shè)備有限公司、安德里茨（中國）有限公司、東芝水電設(shè)備（杭州）有限公司、杭州杭發(fā)發(fā)電設(shè)備有限公

司、華電電力科學(xué)研究院有限公司、浙江富春江水電設(shè)備有限公司、長江勘測規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)研究有限責(zé)任公

司、國能大渡河流域水電開發(fā)有限公司、雅礱江流域水電開發(fā)有限公司、國家電投集團(tuán)黃河上游水電開

發(fā)有限責(zé)任公司。

本文件主要起草人：覃大清、蔣登云、王威、劉德民、劉潔、張海庫、段宏江、田海平、宗萬波、葉青平、

凡家異、張建光、蔣志強(qiáng)、黃靖乾、曾明富、鄭應(yīng)霞、易忠有、伍志軍、徐德新、周葉、劉婷婷、陳鵬、吳喜東、

李雙江、武振波、杜榮幸、黃清、盧池、田子勤、孫文彬、李立、蘭崗、章煥能、劉國峰、李林、張勇、黃海兵。

Ⅲ

GB/T46341—2025

引言

隨著新型電力系統(tǒng)中能源結(jié)構(gòu)組成不斷發(fā)生變化，風(fēng)能、光能等間歇能源占比越來越大，水電機(jī)組

由于啟停迅速、負(fù)荷調(diào)節(jié)能力強(qiáng)，能夠?qū)︼L(fēng)能、光能等間歇能源負(fù)荷波動(dòng)提供快速補(bǔ)償，對電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定

發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用。

為了確?；炝魇剿啓C(jī)能夠在新型電力系統(tǒng)中充分發(fā)揮作用，需拓展水輪機(jī)長期連續(xù)安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)

行負(fù)荷范圍。近年來，我國水輪機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)研發(fā)、制造質(zhì)量、安裝調(diào)試水平均有了很大提高，有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也

發(fā)生了變化，但在超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)的研發(fā)、制造、安裝調(diào)試方面還缺少相應(yīng)的要求，為適應(yīng)我

國水電建設(shè)和完善新型電力系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建的需要，為此編制此文件，用于指導(dǎo)我國超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪

機(jī)的招標(biāo)、投標(biāo)、訂貨、設(shè)計(jì)、制造、安裝等工作。

本文件是在對已建、在建大型混流式水輪機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)、制造、運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行歸納、分析和總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)

上，考慮超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)的具體特點(diǎn)，依據(jù)相關(guān)的現(xiàn)行國際、國家及行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或規(guī)范進(jìn)行編

制的。

本文件編制的基本原則是充分考慮超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)的主要特點(diǎn)并滿足其關(guān)鍵需求。

本文件是超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)、制造的依據(jù)，可供該類水輪機(jī)招標(biāo)、訂貨使用。當(dāng)對

水輪機(jī)產(chǎn)品的性能、結(jié)構(gòu)、運(yùn)行等方面有其他特定要求時(shí)，可由供需雙方協(xié)商后簽訂合同的技術(shù)文件中

明確。

Ⅳ

GB/T46341—2025

超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)基本技術(shù)條件

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)技術(shù)文件的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)和性能要求、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)、供貨范

圍和界面、備品備件、工廠檢驗(yàn)及試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目，并提出了其銘牌、包裝、運(yùn)輸、保管和安裝、運(yùn)行、維護(hù)及驗(yàn)

收試驗(yàn)應(yīng)遵守的規(guī)定等。

本文件適用于滿足新型電力系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)需求的能夠長期連續(xù)超寬負(fù)荷安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的立軸混流式

水輪機(jī)。適用于新建電站立軸混流式水輪機(jī)以及已建電站立軸混流式水輪機(jī)更新改造產(chǎn)品，已建電站

水輪機(jī)更新改造產(chǎn)品包括僅水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)輪改造、水輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)輪和其他部件一起更新改造等。

本文件適用于超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)的招投標(biāo)文件編制、設(shè)計(jì)、制造、安裝、調(diào)試、運(yùn)行等的指導(dǎo)

和參考。

本文件適用于符合下列條件之一的超寬負(fù)荷靈活運(yùn)行水輪機(jī)產(chǎn)品，其他類型水輪機(jī)（包括改造機(jī)

組水輪機(jī)）可參照執(zhí)行。

a）立軸混流式水輪機(jī)且機(jī)組額定功率≥50MW。

b）結(jié)合不同水頭段的水輪機(jī)特性和機(jī)組運(yùn)行需求，對轉(zhuǎn)輪公稱直徑的限值規(guī)定如下：

≤50m≥4.0m

——額定水頭的立軸混流式水輪機(jī)，轉(zhuǎn)輪公稱直徑D1；

50m≤100m≥3.5m

——<額定水頭的立軸混流式水輪機(jī)，轉(zhuǎn)輪公稱直徑D1；

100m≤150m≥3m

——