1緒論卵巢癌研究的國內(nèi)外文獻綜述卵巢癌，一類常見的惡性婦科腫瘤，在各類惡性腫瘤中發(fā)病率位于第三。目前，對卵巢癌研究越來越重視，但其具體發(fā)病機制仍尚未明確，認為可能涉及多方面因素，包括遺傳因素、內(nèi)分泌因素、婦科疾病、生育因素和生活習慣等方面，好發(fā)于有家族史、初潮年齡小、無生育史或有婦科疾病的女性。（1）遺傳因素：有研究表明，若人體中的BRCA1或BRCA2基因發(fā)生突變，其患病風險分別可達54%、23%；同時，若家族中存各類惡性腫瘤患者時，則親屬卵巢癌的患病風險也有可能增加。（2）內(nèi)分泌因素：卵巢上皮細胞可能存在雌、雄激素對其的刺激作用，從而增加患病風險，如初潮早、絕經(jīng)晚、無生育史以及應用促排卵藥物等。（3）婦科疾?。鹤訉m內(nèi)膜異位可能與透明細胞癌、子宮內(nèi)膜樣癌的發(fā)生風險率增加有關(guān)。（4）生育因素：終生未育女性患卵巢癌的風險是已育女性的2倍。（5）生活習慣：可能與飲食習慣及患者本身的身體狀況有關(guān)；如經(jīng)常食用動物脂肪、飲用咖啡及低碘飲食的人，患病風險較高。2019年，據(jù)統(tǒng)計，美國的卵巢癌新發(fā)生人數(shù)約22530人，死亡人數(shù)約13980人ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"Siegel,2019#3"3]；我國每年新發(fā)生卵巢癌的人數(shù)約52100人，死亡人數(shù)約22500人ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"Chen,2016#4"4]。由因為沒有有效篩查方法且卵巢癌早期發(fā)現(xiàn)不易，約70%的患者在確診時已是晚期，治療后2年內(nèi)復發(fā)的可能高達50%～70%，5年內(nèi)的存活率更是不到30%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王曉妮</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>74</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>74</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620806240">74</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">王曉妮</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">王</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">茜</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">田小娟</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">索玉平</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">卵巢癌的治療現(xiàn)狀及進展</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">腫瘤藥學</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>腫瘤藥學</full-title></periodical><pages>5</pages><volume>10</volume><num-vols>3</num-vols><section>264-268</section><dates><year>2020</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.2095-1264.2020.03.02</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"王曉妮,2020#74"5]。目前卵巢癌的標準療法是手術(shù)切除加以化療，在初始治療階段，化療藥物作用明顯，但仍有多數(shù)患者會出現(xiàn)耐藥情況，并在治療后存在復發(fā)的情況ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>江霞</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>5</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>5</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620287610">5</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">江霞</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">趙長久</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">siRNA</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">在卵巢癌靶向治療中的研究進展</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">現(xiàn)代腫瘤醫(yī)學</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>現(xiàn)代腫瘤醫(yī)學</full-title></periodical><pages>4</pages><volume>29</volume><section>1635</section><dates><year>2021</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"江霞,2021#5"6]。隨著越來越多新的藥物用于卵巢癌，除了手術(shù)和傳統(tǒng)化療之外，靶向治療、免疫治療等多種治療方式的聯(lián)合應用逐漸成為卵巢癌治療的新趨勢。但目前仍缺乏精準的早期診斷方法和預防手段，在臨床中應對可疑卵巢癌的患者及時進行進一步診斷評估，尤其是有惡性腫瘤家族史的患者，更應盡早進行遺傳咨詢ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>楊興升</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>6</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[7]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>6</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620287785">6</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">楊興升</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">卵巢癌診療現(xiàn)狀</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">_</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">楊興升</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">中國醫(yī)刊</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國醫(yī)刊</full-title></periodical><pages>3</pages><volume>56</volume><num-vols>4</num-vols><section>349</section><dates><year>2021</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.1008-1070.2021.04.001</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"楊興升,2021#6"7]。卵巢癌中發(fā)病率最高的為上皮性卵巢癌，其次為惡性生殖細胞腫瘤；上皮性卵巢癌是婦科腫瘤中死亡率最高的一種，嚴重威脅著婦女的生命和健康ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>王俊</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>1</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>1</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620264587">1</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">王俊</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">卵巢癌的早期癥狀卵巢癌應該這樣治療</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">科普論壇</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>科普論壇</full-title></periodical><dates><year><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">2021</style></year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"王俊,2021#1"1]。1.1.1上皮性卵巢癌上皮性卵巢癌(EOC)，占原發(fā)性卵巢腫瘤的50%～70%，占各類惡性腫瘤的85%～90%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>劉鳳娟</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>75</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>75</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620806804">75</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">劉鳳娟</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">仝進毅</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">神經(jīng)生長因子和血管內(nèi)皮生長因子在上皮性卵巢癌中表達及意義研究</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">中國實用婦科與產(chǎn)科雜志</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國實用婦科與產(chǎn)科雜志</full-title></periodical><pages>3</pages><volume>33</volume><num-vols>9</num-vols><section>985-987</section><dates><year>2017</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.19538/j.fk2017090125</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"劉鳳娟,2017#75"8]，是婦科惡性腫瘤中死亡率較高的癌癥ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>MI</Author><Year>2014</Year><RecNum>76</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[9]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>76</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620807069">76</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>EllinaMI</author><author>BourisP</author><author>AletrasAJ</author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">EGF</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">Ｒ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">andHE</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">Ｒ</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">2exertdistinctrolesoncoloncancercellfunctionalproper-tiesandexpressionofmatrixmacromolecules</style></title><secondary-title>BiochimBiophysActa</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BiochimBiophysActa</full-title></periodical><pages>11</pages><volume>1840</volume><num-vols>8</num-vols><section>2651-2661</section><dates><year>2014</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"MI,2014#76"9]。因缺乏有效的監(jiān)測手段，又無明顯癥狀，上皮性卵巢癌在早期較難發(fā)現(xiàn)；之后，患者會出現(xiàn)腹腔、腹水等胃腸道腫瘤癥狀，50%以上是之后確診的，晚期病人在5年之內(nèi)存活率只有20%~30%ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"Cress,2015#9"10]，而復發(fā)率卻高達80%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Aebi</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>10</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>10</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620288165">10</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Aebi,S.</author><author>Castiglione,M.</author><author>EsmoGuidelinesWorkingGroup</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Breast/GynecologicCancerCenterandDepartmentofMedicalOncology,Inselspital,Bern,Switzerland.</auth-address><titles><title>Newlyandrelapsedepithelialovariancarcinoma:ESMOclinicalrecommendationsfordiagnosis,treatmentandfollow-up</title><secondary-title>AnnOncol</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AnnOncol</full-title></periodical><pages>21-3</pages><volume>20Suppl4</volume><edition>2009/07/10</edition><keywords><keyword>Europe/epidemiology</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>Follow-UpStudies</keyword><keyword>*HealthPlanningGuidelines</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Neoplasms,GlandularandEpithelial/diagnosis/mortality/therapy</keyword><keyword>OvarianNeoplasms/*diagnosis/mortality/*therapy</keyword><keyword>SecondaryPrevention</keyword><keyword>Societies,Medical/*standards</keyword><keyword>TreatmentOutcome</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1569-8041(Electronic) 0923-7534(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>19454452</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/19454452</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1093/annonc/mdp117</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Aebi,2009#10"11]。上皮性卵巢癌手術(shù)難度大、預后差的主要因素是癌細胞極易進行腹腔轉(zhuǎn)移ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"Yeung,2015#11"13]。上皮性卵巢癌腹腔內(nèi)種植轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生機制尚不明確，更多的證據(jù)表明，遺傳因素在上皮性卵巢癌腹腔轉(zhuǎn)移中具有重要作用ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"Dion,2020#12"14]。EOC的初期治療方法可分為PCS及新輔助化療（NACT）聯(lián)合ICS兩大類ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>袁航</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>13</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>13</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620288486">13</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">袁航</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">晚期上皮性卵巢癌新輔助化療指征的快速指南</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">中國實用婦科與產(chǎn)科雜志</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國實用婦科與產(chǎn)科雜志</full-title></periodical><pages>5</pages><volume>37</volume><num-vols>4</num-vols><section>444</section><dates><year>2021</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.19538/j.fk2021040110</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"袁航,2021#13"15]。1.1.2卵巢惡性生殖細胞腫瘤卵巢生殖細胞腫瘤（MOGCTs），病發(fā)于胚胎生殖性腺原始細胞，發(fā)病率僅次于卵巢上皮性腫瘤，約占卵巢腫瘤的三分之一ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>O</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>14</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>14</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620288658">14</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>HarrietO</author><author>Smith</author><author>MD</author><author>MarianneBerwick,</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>IncidenceandSurvivalRatesforFemaleMalignantGermCellTumors</title><secondary-title>ObstetGynecol</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ObstetGynecol</full-title></periodical><pages>16</pages><volume>107</volume><num-vols>5</num-vols><section>1075-1085</section><dates><year>2006</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"O,2006#14"16]。大部分卵巢生殖細胞腫瘤發(fā)生于兒童和青春期，其中成熟性畸胎瘤為良性，其余均為惡性，且惡性程度極高。ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>燕</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>15</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>15</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620288866">15</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">李</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">燕</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">黃</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">萍</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">李從鑄</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">周</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%"></style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">莉</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">兒童和青少年卵巢腫瘤的臨床病理特點和治療</style></title><secondary-title>ModernOncology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ModernOncology</full-title></periodical><pages>3</pages><volume>13</volume><num-vols>1</num-vols><section>48-50</section><dates><year>2005</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"燕,2005#15"17]。卵巢生殖細胞腫瘤包括未成熟畸胎瘤、畸胎瘤惡變、無性細胞瘤、卵黃囊瘤、原發(fā)性絨癌和混合性生殖細胞瘤，以哪種病理類型最多見各家報道不一，國外多以無性細胞瘤最多見，北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院統(tǒng)計以卵黃囊瘤最多見ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>洪婉君</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620289108">16</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">洪婉君</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">張蓉</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">劉麗影</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">張洵</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">李凌</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">晚期與復發(fā)性卵巢惡性生殖細胞腫瘤</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">129</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">例治療結(jié)果的分析</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志</full-title></periodical><pages>3</pages><volume>33</volume><num-vols>1</num-vols><section>35-37</section><dates><year>1998</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"洪婉君,1998#16"18]，數(shù)據(jù)表明未成熟畸胎瘤最多見，占28.42%。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，我國MOGCTs的發(fā)生率遠高于西方國家。其主要的臨床表現(xiàn)為腹部腫塊。在有效的化療方案出現(xiàn)之前，根治性手術(shù)的效果并不明顯，其復發(fā)率和死亡率依然較高。自從PVB、VAC和BEP化療方案相繼推出，復發(fā)率有所減少，改善患者預后，5年生存率已由過去的10%提高到90%以上ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>洪婉君</Author><Year>1998</Year><RecNum>16</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>16</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620289108">16</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">洪婉君</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">張蓉</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">劉麗影</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">張洵</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">李凌</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">晚期與復發(fā)性卵巢惡性生殖細胞腫瘤</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">129</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">例治療結(jié)果的分析</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中華婦產(chǎn)科雜志</full-title></periodical><pages>3</pages><volume>33</volume><num-vols>1</num-vols><section>35-37</section><dates><year>1998</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"洪婉君,1998#16"18]。但由于總體上MOGCTs發(fā)病率低，影響其預后的因素尚未完全明確，既往相關(guān)研究結(jié)論多有不同，使得保守性手術(shù)的療效和預后常影響著臨床醫(yī)生的治療決策，易產(chǎn)生爭議ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>閆震</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>17</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>17</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620289322">17</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">閆震</style></author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">段微</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">卵巢惡性生殖細胞腫瘤</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">95</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">例初始治療臨床分析</style></title><secondary-title><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">中國醫(yī)刊</style></secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國醫(yī)刊</full-title></periodical><pages>4</pages><volume>55</volume><num-vols>7</num-vols><section>768-771</section><dates><year>2020</year></dates><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.3969/j.issn.1008-1070.2020.07.023</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"閆震,2020#17"19]。1.1.3卵巢性索間質(zhì)腫瘤卵巢性索間質(zhì)腫瘤（OvarianSexCord-stromalTumors）是一組具有異質(zhì)性的良性或惡性腫瘤，起源于正常情況下能產(chǎn)生卵母細胞周圍細胞的分裂細胞群，約占全部卵巢腫瘤的10%ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"曹冬焱,2017#22"20]。一部分性索間質(zhì)腫瘤會分泌雌激素和雄激素，從而使患者出現(xiàn)雌激素過多或男性化的癥狀和表現(xiàn)，這些臨床表現(xiàn)和激素測定可能有助于診斷。大多數(shù)卵巢性索間質(zhì)腫瘤是良性的，僅部分卵巢性索間質(zhì)腫瘤表現(xiàn)出復發(fā)和（或）轉(zhuǎn)移的惡性生物學行為ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Young</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>21</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[21]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>21</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620290191">21</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Young,R.H.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>JamesHomerWrightPathologyLaboratoriesoftheMassachusettsGeneralHospital,DepartmentofPathology,HarvardMedicalSchool,Boston,MA02114,USA.rhyoung@</auth-address><titles><title>Sexcord-stromaltumorsoftheovaryandtestis:theirsimilaritiesanddifferenceswithconsiderationofselectedproblems</title><secondary-title>ModPathol</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ModPathol</full-title></periodical><pages>S81-98</pages><volume>18Suppl2</volume><edition>2004/10/27</edition><keywords><keyword>Diagnosis,Differential</keyword><keyword>Female</keyword><keyword>GranulosaCellTumor/pathology</keyword><keyword>Humans</keyword><keyword>Male</keyword><keyword>OvarianNeoplasms/*pathology</keyword><keyword>SertoliCellTumor/pathology</keyword><keyword>SexCord-GonadalStromalTumors/*pathology</keyword><keyword>TesticularNeoplasms/*pathology</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2005</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0893-3952(Print) 0893-3952(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>15502809</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/15502809</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/modpathol.3800311</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Young,2005#21"21]。惡性卵巢性索-間質(zhì)腫瘤僅占全部原發(fā)性卵巢癌（惡性腫瘤）的1.2%，且與上皮性卵巢癌不同，大部分惡性性索-間質(zhì)腫瘤患者在疾病早期即被診斷；并且惡性程度通常被認為是低級別的，罕有卵巢外、血管或淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移，罕有密集復發(fā)或廣泛轉(zhuǎn)移，極少危及生命。因此，治療方面以手術(shù)切除為主，少數(shù)患者需在術(shù)后進行輔助治療，輔助化療主要針對具有復發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移高危風險者，如腫瘤破裂、期別晚、切除不凈、核分裂像多、腫瘤成分惡性程度高等；復發(fā)、轉(zhuǎn)移的患者也需化療。在無法手術(shù)切除、化療又無效的情況下可能需要放療ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"曹冬焱,2017#22"20]。1.1.4卵巢轉(zhuǎn)移性腫瘤（MOT）卵巢轉(zhuǎn)移性腫瘤（MOT），卵巢惡性腫瘤之一，卵巢外各器官的惡性腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移至卵巢即為MOT，發(fā)病率較低，經(jīng)胃腸道的卵巢轉(zhuǎn)移性腫瘤占較大比例ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Sarita</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>78</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[22]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>78</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="09tttpfrnvrpaaeavwa5dvxn59epxx29as92"timestamp="1620810126">78</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>AsotraSarita</author><author>SharmaJaishree</author><author>SharmaNeelam</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Metastaticovariantumor</title><secondary-title>JournalofCytology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofCytology</full-title></periodical><pages>2</pages><volume>26</volume><number>4</number><num-vols>6</num-vols><section>144-145</section><dates><year>2009</year></dates><urls></urls></record></Cite></EndNote>[\o"Sarita,2009#78"22]。轉(zhuǎn)移性卵巢腫瘤的臨床癥狀與原發(fā)性相似，無特異性，部分患者為體檢時發(fā)現(xiàn)。轉(zhuǎn)移性卵巢癌與原發(fā)性相比，無明顯的特異性，兩者難以分辨，目前主要采取組織病理學檢查的方法加以證實，必要時也采用免疫組化的方法ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[\o"偉,2020#18"24]。參考文獻：王俊.卵巢癌的早期癥狀卵巢癌應該這樣治療[J].科普論壇,2021:[2] 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