題型3主旨大意題主旨大意即作者在文章或段落中想要表達(dá)的主要內(nèi)容，是文章或段落的核心思想，也是作者通過行文邏輯和各種細(xì)節(jié)信息闡明的核心內(nèi)容。把握主旨大意是英語閱讀理解的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵能力，對正確理解全文有重要意義?？忌诮忸}時應(yīng)通過略讀捕捉文中的關(guān)鍵詞句，把握篇章和段落結(jié)構(gòu)，梳理篇章和段落的行文脈絡(luò)，從而弄清作者的寫作思路，最終歸納出主旨大意。高考閱讀理解中，對該關(guān)鍵能力的考查主要有以下三種：歸納段落大意、理解全文主旨和選定最佳標(biāo)題。段落大意題段落大意題主要考查考生對段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上提煉出核心信息，然后對比選項(xiàng)，選出最契合段落主要內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。段落大意題常見設(shè)問形式：Whatisthefirst/second/...paragraphmainlyabout?Whatdoesparagraph...mainlytalkabout?Whatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinparagraph...?典例剖析(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，B片段)LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack，Tindalesays，shewaspreparedtoputhim關(guān)鍵信息1：案例①tosleep，butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse，Nappy，“movesmoreeasily關(guān)鍵信息2：案例②andridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.串聯(lián)各句內(nèi)容，提煉段落主旨：本段主要介紹了兩個整體醫(yī)學(xué)的具體的治療案例：①LeighTindale的狗Charlie患心臟病，采用整體醫(yī)學(xué)治療后，病情好轉(zhuǎn)，能夠多活5個月；②PriscillaDewing家的馬Nappy經(jīng)過整體醫(yī)學(xué)治療后移動更容易，騎著更舒適了。由此可知，本段主要通過這兩個具體的治療案例來說明整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性。對比分析選項(xiàng)，確定答案：對比選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，D項(xiàng)“整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性”與本段主旨最為契合，為正確答案。26．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?設(shè)問方向：第三段的段落大意A．Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B．Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C．Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D．Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.技法歸納即時演練A(2023·全國乙，D片段)Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld，ahistorythatdoesnot①privilegeonepartofhumanity，youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone，becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts，whilemostoftheworld，formostofthetime，hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanity’slaterachievements，anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheir②concernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.1．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howpasteventsshouldbepresented.B．Whathumanityisconcernedabout.C．Whetherfactsspeaklouderthanwords.D．Whywrittenlanguageisreliable.答案A解析段落大意題。根據(jù)選段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講述的是歷史應(yīng)該如何被展示，即通過文字和實(shí)物相結(jié)合。故選A。語境猜詞：①privilegev．給予特權(quán)，特別優(yōu)待②concernn．重要的事情B(2022·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，D片段)...Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(對齊)，makingithardtoproducelabiodentals，whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later，ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu))，makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.[Analysesofalanguage①databasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage，withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasing②remarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.]paragraph5...2．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B．Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C．Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D．Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.答案A解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段，尤其是其中的“Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmed”可知，本段主要提出支持上文研究結(jié)果的證據(jù)。故選A。語境猜詞：①databasen．(計(jì)算機(jī))數(shù)據(jù)庫，資料庫②remarkablyadv.不尋常地，驚人地文章大意題文章大意題主要考查考生對一篇文章的整體理解，要求考生具備在速讀中準(zhǔn)確掌握全文主旨的能力?？忌枰诶斫馊膬?nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，通過歸納概括、推理判斷等邏輯思維活動，概括出全文主旨大意。文章大意題常見設(shè)問形式：Whatisthetextmainlyabout？What’sthemainideaofthetext？Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthetext?典例剖析(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，C)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However，mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney，BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.[第一段主題句]BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally，itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital，restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.[第二段主題句]Specifically，it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.[第三段主題句]ByconnectingthroughtheCloud，BMFisremotelymonitored.Also，thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated，itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil，thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest，userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover，havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)[關(guān)鍵信息]fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition，there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment[關(guān)鍵信息第四段大意]．BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.[第五段主題句]Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice，theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste，carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，”saidaBMFemployee.串聯(lián)各段落大意，提煉文章主旨：①第一段以新鮮食物的重要性及商店農(nóng)產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸過程影響新鮮度的問題導(dǎo)入，引出巴比倫微農(nóng)場(BMF)，指出其大大縮短運(yùn)輸路程的優(yōu)勢。②第二段強(qiáng)調(diào)巴比倫微農(nóng)場通過創(chuàng)新型設(shè)計(jì)來保證新鮮蔬菜供應(yīng)。③第三段詳細(xì)說明巴比倫微農(nóng)場依靠的新技術(shù)及其帶來的優(yōu)勢。④第四段和第五段指出巴比倫微農(nóng)場在可持續(xù)發(fā)展方面的優(yōu)勢。綜合以上段意可知，本文主要介紹巴比倫微農(nóng)場(BMF)的優(yōu)勢。對比分析選項(xiàng)，確定答案：對比選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，A項(xiàng)“巴比倫微農(nóng)場(BMF)的主要優(yōu)勢”與文章主旨最為契合，為正確答案。31．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?設(shè)問方向：本文的大意A．BMF’smajorstrengths. B．BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C．BMF’sglobalinfluence. D．BMF’stechnicalstandards.技法歸納即時演練(2023·浙江1月，B)Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle，noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago，asIwaslivingwithmyparents，andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband，asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough，whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson，sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars，andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater，Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries，andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued，IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom，soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品)，Iwasabletostart①personalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocook②everysooften，soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch，butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges，youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing，whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenot③onboard，yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice：Leadbyaction.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B．Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C．Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.D．Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了作者是如何在家庭中踐行零浪費(fèi)的生活方式的。故選C。語境猜詞：①personalisev．使個性化，為個人特制②everysooften偶爾，間或③onboard支持標(biāo)題歸納題標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精練表達(dá)。標(biāo)題歸納題主要考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用判斷、歸納、概括等方法，對文章的主題進(jìn)行提煉或高度概括，最終準(zhǔn)確地選出文章的標(biāo)題。標(biāo)題歸納題常見設(shè)問形式：Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext？Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext？Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage？Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?典例剖析(2024·全國甲，B)Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance，almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp，scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.[第一段主題句]Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou’reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry，itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However，whenacatislookingforaffection，theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother’sattentionandbefed.串聯(lián)各段落大意，提煉文章主旨：①第一段段意：貓是一種特殊的動物，擁有驚人的發(fā)聲技能。Catshavemanyheightenedsenses，buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.[第二段主題句]Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However，anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That’swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats，whichtheydon’tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit，butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.[第三段主題句]Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat’sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物)．Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit’sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!②第二段段意：貓有許多敏銳的感官，尤其是它們的嗅覺更令人印象深刻。③第三段段意：貓的抓取能力很強(qiáng)。綜合以上段意可知，本文主要介紹貓的一些行為習(xí)慣以及背后的原因和意義。對比分析選項(xiàng)，確定答案：對比選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，B項(xiàng)“了解你的貓的行為”概括精準(zhǔn)，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文，為正確答案。其他干擾項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)“找一只聰明貓的小貼士”，C項(xiàng)“和你的貓玩得開心”和D項(xiàng)“如何讓你的貓保持健康”都偏離了主題。27．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?設(shè)問方向：適合本文的標(biāo)題A．TipsonFindingaSmartCat B．UnderstandingYourCat’sBehaviorC．HaveFunwithYourCat D．HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy技法歸納即時演練(2024·浙江1月，D)TheStanfordmarshmallow(棉花糖)testwasoriginallyconductedby①psychologistWalterMischelinthelate1960s.Childrenagedfourtosixatanurseryschoolwereplacedinaroom.Asinglesugarytreat，selectedbythechild，wasplacedonatable.Eachchildwastoldiftheywaitedfor15minutesbeforeeatingthetreat，theywouldbegivenasecondtreat.Thentheywereleftaloneintheroom.Follow-upstudieswiththechildrenlaterinlifeshowedaconnectionbetweenanabilitytowaitlongenoughtoobtainasecondtreatandvariousformsofsuccess.Asadultswefaceaversionofthemarshmallowtesteveryday.We’renottempted(誘惑)bysugarytreats，butbyourcomputers，phones，andtablets—allthedevicesthatconnectustotheglobaldeliverysystemforvarioustypesofinformationthatdotouswhatmarshmallowsdotopreschoolers.Wearetemptedbysugarytreatsbecauseourancestorslivedinacalorie-poorworld，andourbrainsdevelopedaresponsemechanismtothesetreatsthatreflectedtheirvalue—afeelingo