17/17專題01定語從句目錄目錄01知識腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點(diǎn)精析·知識能力全解【知能解讀01】定語從句概述【知能解讀02】關(guān)系代詞that典型用法【知能解讀03】關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose典型用法【知能解讀04】關(guān)系代詞as典型用法【知能解讀05】關(guān)系副詞when,where,why典型用法03攻堅(jiān)指南·高頻考點(diǎn)突破【重難點(diǎn)突破01】定語從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”用法【重難點(diǎn)突破02】定語從句中的主謂一致用法04避坑錦囊·易混易錯(cuò)診療【易混易錯(cuò)01】關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞混淆【易混易錯(cuò)02】關(guān)系代詞that和which混淆【易混易錯(cuò)03】“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”誤用05通法提煉·高頻思維拆解【方法技巧01】對比法--定語從句與其它從句區(qū)別【方法技巧02】括號法—應(yīng)對閱讀理解長難句中定語從句01定語從句概述定語從句：在主從復(fù)合句中，修飾限定某一名詞或代詞的句子，叫定語從句。定語從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞，在句中作定語，故又稱為形容詞性從句。先行詞：指被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞，通常為名詞（如人、物、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間等），也可以是整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語或狀語，同時(shí)替代先行詞。根據(jù)其用法分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose,as關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用who人主語、賓語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語as人或物主語、賓語關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的作用when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語why原因名詞原因狀語分類：定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩類。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉后句意不完整，無逗號。非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不密切，是一種補(bǔ)充說明，刪除后不影響整個(gè)意思的表達(dá)，一般用逗號分開。Thisistheschool

where

Istudiedtenyearsago.（無逗號，限制性定語從句）Heboughtahouse,

whoseroof

waspaintedred.（有逗號，非限制性定語從句）分割型定語從句：指先行詞與定語從句之間被其他成分（如謂語動詞、介詞短語等）隔開的結(jié)構(gòu)。這種分隔是為了避免句子頭重腳輕原則（將較長成分置于句尾）。Thedays(aregone)whenwehadtorelyonmanuallabor.Heistheonlyperson(inthecompany)whocansolvethisproblem.02關(guān)系代詞that典型用法1.先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,few,none等不定代詞時(shí)。I'vedoneeverythingthatIcantohelpyou.我已盡我所能幫助你。2.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時(shí)。ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtwithmyownmoney.這是我用自己錢買的第一本書。SheisthemostbeautifulgirlthatIhaveeverseen.她是我見過最美的女孩。3.先行詞被all,only,very,no等限定詞修飾時(shí)。Heistheonlypersonthatcansolvethisproblem.他是唯一能解決這個(gè)問題的人。ThisistheveryhousethatIgrewupin.這正是我長大的房子。4.先行詞中既為人又為表示物的名詞時(shí)。Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthingsthattheyremembered.他們談?wù)摿擞浀玫娜撕褪隆?.主句以who/which開頭的疑問句為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?站在那邊的人是誰？Whichisthebookthatyouwant?哪本是你想要的書？7.當(dāng)先行詞是theway在句中作方式狀語時(shí)，后面用that或者inwhich或者省略that。Theway

inwhich

hehandledthesituationimpressedme.他處理情況的方式給我留下了深刻印象。Theway

(that)

hehandledthesituationimpressedme.他處理情況的方式給我留下了深刻印象。6.【警告】注意關(guān)系代詞that作主語時(shí)不能省略，作賓語時(shí)可以省略。Thebook(that)Ireadlastnightwasfascinating.我昨晚讀的書很精彩。7.【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定語從句，前邊有逗號為標(biāo)志。Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.他又遲到了，這次這讓他的老師非常生氣。【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】1．Thelocalmarkethaseverything_________showsthearea’scookingculture,fromfreshseafoodtohandmadepasta.2．Thereisonepoint_________wemustinsiston.3．Ihavefoundtheveryshop_________haseverythingweneed.4．Ilikethewritersandtheirworks_________youmentionedtheotherday.5．Theconcerthallhasthemostwonderfulatmosphere_________canmaketheaudiencefullyimmersedinthemusic.6．Festivalsareoccasions_________allowustoforgetaboutourworkforalittlewhile.7．Thereason_________heexplainedatthemeetingwasnotreasonableatall.8．Youmaynotcontrolalltheevents_________happentoyou,butyoucandecidenottobereducedbythem.9．Mymotherwassoproudofall_________IhaddonethatsherewardedmewithatriptoBeijing.10．Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinaway_________emphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.03關(guān)系代詞which典型用法1.引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句（不用逗號分隔）,先行詞指物，對句子意思的表達(dá)起著關(guān)鍵作用。Youshouldselecttheoptionwhichbestsuitsyourrequirements.你要挑選最符合你需求的選項(xiàng)。2.引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句（用逗號和主句分隔），先行詞可以是一個(gè)名詞，也可以指代前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。Thebook,whichIreadlastnight,isextremelycaptivating.我昨晚讀的那本書特別吸引人。Sheresignedfromherjob,whichwasquiteunexpected.她辭去了工作，這十分出人意料。3.用于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)較為正式，常見于書面語中。Thecity

inwhichIwasborn

islocatedinthesouthernpartofthecountry.我出生的城市位于這個(gè)國家的南部。4.【警告】空格前出現(xiàn)逗號，未必后邊就用關(guān)系代詞which,也可能用關(guān)系代詞whom（先行詞指人）或where（定語從句不缺少主語或賓語）。ElonMusk,

whofoundedSpaceX,isawell-knownentrepreneur.埃隆?馬斯克創(chuàng)立了太空探索技術(shù)公司，他是一位著名的企業(yè)家。Thiscafé,

whereweoftenhavemeetings,offersfreeWi-Fi.這家咖啡館，我們經(jīng)常在那里開會，提供免費(fèi)的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)。【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】1.（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoute_________broughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchoftherichnessofgardeninginEngland.2.（2024新課標(biāo)II卷）Chineseculturalelementscommemorating(紀(jì)念)TangXianzu,_________isknownas“theShakespeareofAsia,”addaninternationalcharactertoStratford-upon-Avon,WilliamShakespeare’shometown.3.（2024全國甲卷）YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark-2.2millionacres-untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,_________becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.4.（2024浙江1月卷）Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway_________willmakethemthemostmoney.5.（2023全國乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace_________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.6.（2022新課標(biāo)I卷）TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.7.（2021新課標(biāo)II卷）IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany___________usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.8.（2021北京卷）Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything___________happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.9.（2021浙江1月卷）BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool___________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.10.（2020新課標(biāo)卷）The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum__________openedin1759.03關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose典型用法1.who用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語，先行詞指人，可以與that替換。注意Anyonewho…以及Thosewho…句型。Sheisthegirlwho/thatwonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.她就是在比賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的那個(gè)女孩。Anyonewhobreakstherulewillbepunished.任何違反規(guī)則的人都會受到懲罰。Thosewholovereadingoftenhaverichinnerworlds.熱愛閱讀的人往往有豐富的內(nèi)心世界。2.whom用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作賓語，先行詞指人，可以與that替換。作賓語，可以省略。Thegirlwhomyousawatthepartyisafamoussinger.（whom引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句）你在派對上看到的那個(gè)女孩是位著名歌手。Theauthor,whomthestudentsadmire,gaveaspeech.（whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）那位受學(xué)生欽佩的作家做了演講。3.whom可以用于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，who不能。ThisistheprofessorfromwhomIlearnedalot.這就是我從他身上學(xué)到很多東西的教授。4.whose既可指人又可指物，在定語從句中作定語。在非限制性定語從句中，whose修飾物時(shí)，“whose＋名詞”可用“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋名詞”來代替。Doyouknowtheboywhosehandwritingisverybeautiful?你認(rèn)識那個(gè)書法非常漂亮的男孩嗎？I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一個(gè)窗戶朝向大海的房間。→I'dlikearoom,thewindowofwhichlooksoutoverthesea.→I'dlikearoom,ofwhichthewindowlooksoutoverthesea.【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】1.（2023全國乙卷）Thecolorshechosecameinaboxwhichhadapictureofawoman________haircolorlookedjustperfect.2.（2022浙江1月卷）KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics___________arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.3.（2022全國甲卷）Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___________losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.4.（2020全國III卷）InancientChinalivedanartist,__________paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.5.（2020天津卷）Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.04關(guān)系代詞as的典型用法1.as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的用法as用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，作從句的主語、賓語或表語，as不可省略，用于such…as…,so…as…,thesame…as…句型。Don’ttrustsuchpeopleaspraiseyoutoyourface.不要相信當(dāng)面表揚(yáng)你的這種人。TheyhaveneverreadsomanybooksasIreadlastyear.他們從來都沒有讀過像我去年讀過的那些書?！镆族e(cuò)提醒1：thesame…as…強(qiáng)調(diào)“和……是同一類”；thesame…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)“和……是同一個(gè)”。ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostyesterday.這本詞典和我昨天丟的那本一樣。（不是同一本詞典）Heisthesameboythathelpedmeyesterday.他是昨天幫過我的那個(gè)男孩。（指同一個(gè)男孩）★易錯(cuò)提醒2：so…that…,such…that…引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，that只起連接作用不作句子成分。Sheissuchakindgirlthatmanystudentslikeher.她是個(gè)善良的女孩所以很多學(xué)生喜歡她。(狀語從句是完整的，前面的that只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作成分。)Sheissuchakindgirlasmanystudentslike.她是個(gè)善良的女孩所以很多學(xué)生喜歡她。(定語從句缺少賓語，前面的as代替先行詞girl，作賓語。)【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.LosAngelesissuchanattractiveplace_______everyonelikestovisit.2.LosAngelesissuchanattractiveplace_______everyonelikestovisitit.3.Thisis______difficultaproblem_____noonecanworkout.4.Thisis______difficultaproblem_____noonecanworkitout.5.Mypenismissing.I’dliketobuythesamepen_______Ilost.6.Jennyissohappy,forshehasfoundthesamepen______shelostyesterday.2.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的用法asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣；asiswellknown＝asisknowntoall眾所周知；asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣；asiswellknown＝asisknowntoall眾所周知；aswehadexpected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣；asisoftenthecase正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣；asismentionedabove正如上面提到的Asisknowntoall,TaiwanbelongstoChina.眾所周知，臺灣屬于中國。（as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句且位于句首）Taiwan,asisknowntoall,belongstoChina.眾所周知，臺灣屬于中國。（as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句且位于句中）Shehasmarriedagain,aswasexpected.不出所料，她又結(jié)婚了。（as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句且位于句末）★易錯(cuò)提醒：which和as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句用法區(qū)別：①位置上：which從句只能位于主句之后，as從句位于主句的前、中、后；②邏輯上：which強(qiáng)調(diào)前后不一；as強(qiáng)調(diào)前后邏輯一致，“正如”；③句式上：當(dāng)非限制性定語從句是否定句或表示否定意義時(shí)，只能用which；as多用于asweallknow/see,asisoftenthecasewithsb等句型。Asisoftenthecase,girlslikedollswhileboyslikeguns.女孩子喜歡玩具而男孩子喜歡槍，這是常見的情況。Hesoldhisnewcar,whichmademesurprised.他把車賣掉，這讓我很吃驚?！靖櫽?xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.（2023全國甲卷）Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,_________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.2．Afterreadingthisnovel,wewereallimpressedbysuchintegrity_________wasshownbytheleadingcharacter.3.Theteacheraskedsuchadifficultquestion_________noonecouldanswer.4.Lastweekourmathsteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblem_________noneofusworkeditout.5.TheGreatWallissuchafamoustouristattraction_________drawsmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.6._________thebookmentions,youhadbetternotdosuchthings_________youareunsureabout.7．IworkedatapandaconservationcenterinChina,_________sawasignificantincreaseinpandapopulationnumbers.8．_________isoftenthecase,makingsomethinglookeasyisquitedifficult.9．PeoplefromtheUKarecalled“British”,_________meanstheUKisalsooftenreferredtoasBritainorGreatBritain.10._________isknowntousall,ChinesepeoplewouldliketoputuppicturestocelebratetheSpringFestival.05關(guān)系副詞when,where,why典型用法1.when用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語從句作時(shí)間狀語。其先行詞是具體時(shí)間名詞，如day,month,year；還可以是抽象名詞，如age,stay,occasion等。Doyourememberthedaywhenwefirstmet?你還記得我們第一次見面的那一天嗎？（定語從句是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，不缺少賓語）Thereareoccasionswhenonemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。（先行詞occasions是典型時(shí)間名詞）★易錯(cuò)提醒：當(dāng)time表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)從句（可省略）；當(dāng)time表示“時(shí)間”時(shí)，用when引導(dǎo)從句。ThisisthefirsttimethatI’veheardthissong.I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedtogetherinthevillage.2.where用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語從句作地點(diǎn)狀語。注意定語從句可能是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)或主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。其先行詞既可以是具體地點(diǎn)名詞，如school,museum,centre；還可以是抽象名詞，如point,case,situation,stage,race,position,job等（熱點(diǎn)，須牢記）。Thisisthehospitalwheremysisterusedtowork.(thehospital是先行詞，where是關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。)TheshopwhereIboughtthisshirtisnotfarfromhere.我買這件襯衫的商店離這里不遠(yuǎn)。（定語從句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，不缺少賓語）Therearemanycaseswherethisruledoesn’tapply.在許多情況下，這條規(guī)則不適用。（先行詞cases是抽象地點(diǎn)）3.why用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語從句作原因狀語。why還可以用于Thereasonwhy…isthat…句型。注意如果定語從句謂語動詞是及物動詞，則應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞。Thereasonwhyheislateisthathefailedtocatchthefirstbus.他遲到的原因是他沒能趕上第一班公共汽車。（關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語）Thereasonthathegaveforbeinglateisthathefailedtocatchthefirstbus.他給出遲到的原因是他沒能趕上第一班公共汽車。（關(guān)系詞在從句中作賓語）【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】1.（2023全國甲卷）“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,_________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithissurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.2.（2021天津卷）Inthespring,aseason________wearelearningnewrhythmsoflife，manyofusfindcomfortinthenaturalworld.3.（2021天津卷）AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands_________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.4.（2020全國I卷）Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot__________itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.5．WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,__________mygrandparentsandsomerelativeslive.6．Attendingthecharityeventwasanoccasion__________Irealizedtheimportanceofgivingbacktothecommunity.7．Thereason__________weshouldreduceplasticuseisthatitsignificantlyreducespollutionandprotectsmarinelife.8．IwillgosightseeinginBeijingwithmyparentsinSeptember,__________theweatherisneithertoohotnortoocold.9．Thereason__________thefestivaliscelebratedeveryyearistohonortheancienttraditionspasseddownthroughgenerations.10．Themoviebringsmethehours__________Iplayedwithmychildhoodfriendsintheneighborhoodpark,enjoyingcarefreelaughter.01定語從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”用法1.先行詞指人，關(guān)系代詞用whom；先行詞指物，關(guān)系代詞用which。注意此結(jié)構(gòu)不能用that/who；I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichwemovedtoourhouse.（先行詞theday指物，關(guān)系代詞用which）ThisistheteachertowhomI’mgrateful.（先行詞theteacher指人，關(guān)系代詞用whom）2.介詞選擇的原則：一看先行詞特殊搭配，如toadegree；二看從句謂語動詞搭配，如learnfrom；三看整個(gè)語境邏輯。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)如inwhichcase,withwhosehelp等。Canyoutellmethereasonforwhichyouaresolate?（先行詞thereason常與介詞for連用）MathematicsisthesubjectinwhichIammostinterested.（定語從句謂語動詞beinterestedin是固定搭配）Doyouliketheteacherfromwhomshelearnedalot?（定語從句謂語動詞learnfrom…是固定搭配）Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tsurftheInternet,brokedownyesterday.（從句根據(jù)語境應(yīng)用withoutwhich）3.在特定情況下出現(xiàn)“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，whose作定語。Thetool,withwhosehelpwefinishedthetask,isveryuseful.（withone’shelp是固定搭配）【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】1.Doyouremembertheday____________________wefirstmet?2.Doyourememberthemonth____________________wefirstmet?3.Thisistheskirt____________________shepaid$100.4.Thisistheskirt____________________shespent$100.5.ThisismyEnglishteacher,____________________I’velearnedalot.6.ThisismyEnglishteacher,____________________helpIcouldn’thavemadesuchrapidprogress.7．Peterwith__________sisterIsharearoomintheuniversity,hasagoodknowledgeofcomputerprogramming.8．Thegirlfrom__________Iborrowedthisdictionaryismyclassmate.9．Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminetheextent__________whichclimatechangewillimpactcoastalcommunitiesinthenextdecade.10．Air,__________whichwecouldn’tlive,isveryimportant.02定語從句中的主謂一致用法1．定語從句先行詞作主語，that/which/who從句謂語動詞和主語保持一致。Anyonewhofailstofinishthetaskgivenshouldbecriticized.任何人不能完成指定的任務(wù)，都應(yīng)受到批評。ThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.凡是想去長城的人在這里簽名。2．定語從句先行詞是oneof…結(jié)構(gòu)，從句謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；先行詞是theonly/veryoneof…，從句謂語用單數(shù)。Heisoneofthestudentswhohavereadthebook.他是看過這本書的學(xué)生中的一位。SheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhoknowsEnglish.她是那些女孩中唯一一位懂英語的?！靖櫽?xùn)練】1.（2020江蘇卷）Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you’llfindprobablyasolutionthat___________everyone.2.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlsinourclasswho___________(win)theprizesofar.3.Thechildren,eachofwhom___________(own)atoycar,areplayinghappily.4.Theproblemswhich___________(cause)bypollutionrequireimmediateattention.5.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthat___________(publish)thisyear.01關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞混淆1.先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞，關(guān)系詞不一定用where；先行詞是時(shí)間名詞，關(guān)系詞不一定用when；先行詞是原因名詞，關(guān)系詞不一定用why。2.竅門：關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語、賓語等；關(guān)系副詞代替表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞，并在定語從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語?！镆族e(cuò)提醒：學(xué)會分析句子成分，原句含有主謂賓或者不缺少賓語才能用關(guān)系副詞；原句缺少主語或賓語用關(guān)系代詞。Iremembertheyearwhenhewasborn.（不及物動詞，需加介詞intheyear）Iremembertheyearthat/whichsawgreatchanges.（及物動詞，即theyearsawchanges）Thisistheparkwherewehadapicnic.（不及物動詞，需加介詞inthepark）Thisistheparkthat/whichwevisited.（及物動詞，直接說visitedthepark）Thereason

why

heleftisstillunknown.（why作原因狀語，可替換成forwhich）Thereasonthathegaveforbeinglatewasacceptable.（why作gave賓語）【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。1.Doyoustillrememberthedays________wetraveledtogether?2.Doyoustillrememberthedays________wespenttogether?3.Isthisthemuseum______youonceworked?4.Isthisthemuseum______youoncepaidavisitto?5.Isthisthereason_______hewasabsentfromschoolyesterday?6.Isthisthereason_______hegaveforabsencefromschoolyesterday?7.Anyway,thatevening,______I’lltellyoumoreaboutlater,IendedupstayingatRachel’splace.02關(guān)系代詞that和which混淆只用關(guān)系代詞that場合典型示例先行詞既為人又為物時(shí)Lookat

themanandhisdog

that

arecrossingthestreet.

先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)Thisisthefirstbook

that

Ibought.先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾Thisisthebestmovie

that

Ihaveeverseen.先行詞是nothing,anything,all,much,little等不定代詞Allthatglittersisnotgold.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse'sfault.先行詞被only,very,little,all等限定詞修飾時(shí)Allthemoney

that

Ihadwasstolen.

TheonlypartofthemealthatIreallylikedwasthedessert.當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的疑問句時(shí)Whichbookistheonethatyourecommended?Whoisthepersonthatcalledmejustnow?只用關(guān)系代詞which場合典型示例引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是整個(gè)主句或主句一部分，標(biāo)志為逗號。Mycar,

which

isveryold,stillrunswell.Hepassedtheexam,

which

surprisedeveryone.用于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如inwhich,bothofwhich等，標(biāo)志為介詞。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedlastyear.Theproblem

aboutwhich

weweretalkingisverycomplex.【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。1.Thetoolwith___________hefixedthecarismissing.2.Thisisall________Iwanttosayatthemeeting.3.Thisisthemostdeliciouscake________I’veevertasted.4.Thethirdplace________theyvisitedwastheGreatWall.5.Thebook,___________Iboughtyesterday,isalreadyoutofprint.6.Thereisnothing________canstopmefromachievingmygoals.7.Theyphotographedthecityanditspeople___________thathadsurvivedtheearthquake.8.Pleasetellmethereason___________canexplainyourabsencereasonably.9.Lillianworksinagovernmentofficein________therearemanydifferentdepartments.10.ButSarah,___________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.03“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”誤用先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom;先行詞指物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用which；且不可省略。Thetable

onwhich

Iputmybookiswooden.Theperson

towhom

Ispokeismyteacher.【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.Shetoldmeabouttheartistto__________shehaddonatedherpaintings.2.Thecityin__________Iwasbornisfamousforitsancienttemples.3.Theprofessorto__________IspokeyesterdayisaNobellaureate.4.Thebookfrom__________IborrowedtheideawonthePulitzerPrize.5.Thecompany,theproductsof__________Iadmirerecentlylaunchedanewapp.01對比法--定語從句與其它從句區(qū)別1.定語從句vs同位語從句定語從句對前邊的名詞（先行詞）起限制作用，作賓語是關(guān)系詞可以省略，同位語從句對前邊的名詞起解釋說明作用，且連接詞不能省略。Thenewsthatourteamwonthegamemadeusexcited.我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息令我們很激動。（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，且that不作句子成分）Thenewsthathetoldusjustnowmadeusveryexcited.他剛才告訴我們的消息令我們很激動。（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，且that不作從句的賓語）2.定語從句vs狀語從句定語從句和狀語從句易混點(diǎn)主要在于so….as/that,such…as/that…句型區(qū)別。ThisissuchaninterestingmovieasIhaveneverseenbefore.這是一部我從未看過的如此有趣的電影。Themathproblemwassodifficultthatnoonecouldsolveit.這道數(shù)學(xué)題太難了，以至于沒人能解出來。3.定語從句vs名詞性從句定語從句和狀語從句易混點(diǎn)主要集中在介詞之后所接從句的理解。Anewmuseumwillbebuiltinwhatusedtobeawasteland.（賓語從句）Anewmuseumwillbebuiltintheplacethatusedtobeawasteland.（定語從句）Anewmuseumwillbebuiltwhereitusedtobeawasteland.（狀語從句）一座新博物館將建在曾經(jīng)是一片荒地的地方。4.定語從句vs強(qiáng)調(diào)句型有時(shí)候用于Itwas+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+定語從句+that….，把定語從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)合在一起。Itwasthegirlwhowonthefirstprizethatreceivedthescholarship.正是那個(gè)獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的女孩拿到了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。ItwasattheschoolwheremymotherworksthatImetthefamouswriter.正是在我母親工作的那所學(xué)校里，我遇見了那位著名作家。【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.Thevillagehasdevelopedalot__________welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.2.Itwasinthebackyard________myfatherplantedmanyvegetables________hedugupastatue.3.Hewrotealotofnovels,manyof_________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.4.Hewrotealotofnovels,andmanyof____________weretranslatedintoforeignlanguages.5.（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）Onacool,starrynightinmid-September1870,fourmenrelaxedbeforeacampfirealongtheFireholeRiverin___________isnownorthwesternWyoming.6.Itwasinthestreet___________whereImethimyesterday___________thatanaccidenthappened.02括號法—應(yīng)對閱讀理解長難句中定語從句閱讀理解長難句應(yīng)對最簡單有效的辦法是遇到各種從句、非謂語、介詞短語等用括號括起來視為一個(gè)單位，從而達(dá)到“去枝葉，留主干”刪繁就簡的目的，快速理解句子含義。1.(2025浙江1月卷閱讀C篇)TheconceptwasbornwhenGermancityplannerssoughttoplantlargeareasofparklandafterWorldWarIIinareproduciblewaythatwouldneedminimalmaintenance.翻譯：2.(2024新課標(biāo)I卷閱讀D篇)Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.翻譯：根據(jù)這一理論，人們閱讀數(shù)字文本時(shí)會帶著一種適合社交媒體的心態(tài)（這類心態(tài)通常不那么嚴(yán)肅），并且與閱讀紙質(zhì)文本時(shí)相比，投入的腦力更少。翻譯：【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】用括號法八下列各句的定語從句括起來。1.(2024新課標(biāo)I卷閱讀七選五)Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.2.(2024新課標(biāo)II卷閱讀C篇)Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.3.(2024新課標(biāo)II卷閱讀C篇)Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.4.(2024新課標(biāo)II卷閱讀D篇)Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.5.(2024全國甲卷閱讀D篇)Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.定語從句定語從句綜合能力提升一、單項(xiàng)語法填空1．Heoftenrecallshischildhood,___________helivedwithhisgrandparentsinthecountryside.2．Theconcerthallhasthemostwonderfulatmosphere___________canmaketheaudiencefullyimmersedinthemusic.3．CISARbringshelpandhopetothose___________livesarechangedbynaturaldisasters.4．Theauthor___________whomallofusarefamiliarwillvisitourcompany.5．Inaword,wereachedapoint___________wewishtoenjoyandunderstandliterature.6．Asians___________dietsarelikeWesterners’experiencemorediseaseandweightproblems.7．Thereason___________weshouldreduceplasticuseisthatitsignificantlyreducespollutionandprotectsmarinelife.8．Sheoftenremindsherselfofthegooddays___________theyspenttogetherworkingouttheprobleminthedistantruralarea.9．It’stheonlyThairestaurant___________ranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.10．TheappusesARtotransformtheway___________visitorsinteractwiththepark’swildlife.11．Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose___________aretotallyengagedinacademiclife.12．Idon’tthinkthenumberofthepeopleto___________thishappensisverylarge.13．Itisacommentonsocietyandonthenatureofpeoplethroughthetaleofaman___________lifeischangedbyanactofforgiveness.14．Fromhistravellingdiary,weallknowthatthereissuchabeautifulplace___________hehasdescribedtous.）15．Lasttermourmathsteachersetsodifficultanexaminationproblem___________noneofusworkedout.16．Closefriendsarethosewhoyoucanreallydependonandwith___________youhavethedeepestrelationships.17．WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeans___________China’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.18．Thescientist,with___________Iworkedontheproject,willattendtheinternationalconferencenextmonth.19．Thenovel,___________maincharacterisayoungdetective,haswontheannualliteratureaward.20．Thecafeteria,___________studentsgathertoenjoymealsandsocializewithfriends,oftenbecomestheheartoftheschoolcommunity.二、定語從句易混對比10組20例Group11.TheorphancamefromHainanProvince,___________isfarawayfromhere.2.TheorphancamefromHainanProvince,___________losthisparentswhenhewasababy.Group23.The