試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages2828頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁專題04閱讀理解議論文目錄01知識(shí)腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點(diǎn)精析·知識(shí)能力全解【知能解讀01】目錄01知識(shí)腦圖·學(xué)科框架速建02考點(diǎn)精析·知識(shí)能力全解【知能解讀01】五年高考議論文考情統(tǒng)計(jì)【知能解讀02】五年高考議論文考情解讀【知能解讀03】閱讀理解議論文高頻題型【知能解讀04】閱讀理解議論文選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)【知能解讀05】閱讀理解議論文解題思路03攻堅(jiān)指南·高頻考點(diǎn)突破【重難點(diǎn)突破01】細(xì)節(jié)理解題【重難點(diǎn)突破02】推理判斷題04避坑錦囊·易混易錯(cuò)診療【易混易錯(cuò)01】文章大意題【易混易錯(cuò)02】寫作意圖題05通法提煉·高頻思維拆解【方法技巧01】閱讀理解議論文答題誤區(qū)【方法技巧02】閱讀理解議論文誤區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì)【方法技巧03】閱讀理解議論文滿分策略01五年高考議論文考情統(tǒng)計(jì)卷別主題話題詞數(shù)細(xì)節(jié)理解題猜測(cè)詞義題推理判斷題主旨大意題2025全國(guó)一卷人與自然反思街道功能重視城市宜居性323+1331212024新課標(biāo)I卷人與自然紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀音頻差異345+1451122024全國(guó)甲卷人與自然書評(píng)-如何幫助作家寫出好結(jié)尾354+146132023全國(guó)乙卷人與社會(huì)物品納入歷史理解無文字社會(huì)343+1301212022全國(guó)甲卷人與社會(huì)介紹發(fā)現(xiàn)悉尼發(fā)展遇到的問題340+1521212022全國(guó)乙卷人與社會(huì)書評(píng)-介紹Dorothy書籍并評(píng)價(jià)319+122222021新課標(biāo)I卷人與社會(huì)作者提出情商研究的未來期望297+1261212021全國(guó)甲卷人與自然作者提出“天才”有很多種形式300+12312102五年高考議論文考情解讀1.選材范圍議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征，與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看，議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主，但不排除對(duì)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的考查?？忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文，以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。2.文體特征議論文應(yīng)該觀點(diǎn)明確、論據(jù)充分、語言精練、論證合理、有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。議論文通常采用三段論式的結(jié)構(gòu)，即“提出問題（引論）—分析問題（本論）—解決問題（結(jié)論）”。由此可見，要理解議論文有兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，一是要弄清文章的論點(diǎn)是什么、采用了哪些論據(jù)、如何論證；二是要理清其基本結(jié)構(gòu)——三段論式結(jié)構(gòu)。3.設(shè)題規(guī)律從命題來看，閱讀理解議論文考查學(xué)生對(duì)語篇的整體理解能力及細(xì)節(jié)信息的提取和推斷能力，題型包括細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題，其中推理判斷題和主旨大意題占比最高。03五年高考議論文高頻題型04閱讀理解議論文選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)1.正確選項(xiàng)特征同義替換與原文關(guān)鍵信息相同含義的不同表達(dá)信息歸納對(duì)分散或復(fù)雜的信息進(jìn)行概括或比較正話反說把原文中的意思反過來表達(dá)意思明了原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項(xiàng)比較簡(jiǎn)單2.干擾選項(xiàng)特征張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容無中生有符合生活常識(shí)，但不是該文章的內(nèi)容曲解文意極其相似但是細(xì)節(jié)處與原文有些出入顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭或完全相反正誤參半選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容部分正確，部分和原文錯(cuò)誤05閱讀理解議論文解題思路1.抓住論點(diǎn)主旨閱讀議論文最重要的是抓住文章的論點(diǎn)，找到文章的論點(diǎn)也就把握了文章的主旨。一般來說，作者會(huì)在開頭段落交代文章的論點(diǎn)，因此，細(xì)讀文章首段尤為重要。議論文多采用“倒三角形”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此“首段”和“段首”就是做題最大的要領(lǐng)，據(jù)此可以做好寫作意圖題、主旨大意題和標(biāo)題推斷題。2.理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)議論文一般采用“總分總”的結(jié)構(gòu)，作者先給出論點(diǎn)，然后從不同方面（正面，反面）進(jìn)行論證，最后給出總結(jié)或者自己的觀點(diǎn)。文章中會(huì)出現(xiàn)較為明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折，遞進(jìn)，并列或者歸納總結(jié)等的邏輯關(guān)系詞?？忌陂喿x時(shí)，要理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，找到論點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)而理解作者給出的論據(jù)，突破細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題。3.體會(huì)語言特點(diǎn)能否正確把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是體現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來說，對(duì)作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向，必須在通讀全文，掌握了論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)后，方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí)，我們應(yīng)注意，有時(shí)候作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達(dá)出來的，需要我們認(rèn)真體察。做推理判斷時(shí)，一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律，以事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理的推理。4.注意干擾規(guī)律①包含項(xiàng)原則在答案選項(xiàng)分析中，假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)其他三項(xiàng)(或其中某一項(xiàng))的理解，那么我們就說選項(xiàng)A與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系，包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在＂花＂與＂玫瑰＂兩選項(xiàng)中，正確答案肯定是＂花＂，花包含了玫瑰。②正反項(xiàng)原則所謂正反項(xiàng)，是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個(gè)相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以，假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng)，那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng)，正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。③委婉項(xiàng)原則所謂委婉，這里是指說話不能說死，要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語氣的表達(dá)，如：probably,possibly,may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等，而含有絕對(duì)語氣的表達(dá)往往不是正確答案，如：must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。④同形項(xiàng)原則命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍，然后通過語言形式的細(xì)微變化來考查考生的理解能力與分析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們：詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)中有正確答案的存在。⑤常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則議論文中，那些符合一般常識(shí)、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。⑥因果項(xiàng)原則閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過因果鏈進(jìn)行的，前因后果，一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而，在推理題的選項(xiàng)中，有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位(止于前因)，或者推理過頭(止于后果)，這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則啟示我們：假如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過程中的因果關(guān)系，那么正確答案就是兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中的其中之一。如果因項(xiàng)可產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結(jié)果，那么答案就是因；如果果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)原因，那么答案就是果。01細(xì)節(jié)理解題1.命題方式細(xì)節(jié)理解題在閱讀理解議論文占有一定比例，核心是落實(shí)“原文定位”和“同義替換”。28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?(2025全國(guó)一卷)32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?(2021新課標(biāo)I卷)2.思維導(dǎo)圖3.解題步驟概括信息題要求學(xué)生通過思維分析對(duì)原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息進(jìn)行歸納概括。為了增加細(xì)節(jié)信息試題的難度,命題人有時(shí)也會(huì)采用較為概括的方式來進(jìn)行命題,一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題涉及一段內(nèi)的多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)或者多段的具體內(nèi)容,需要考生進(jìn)行概括和歸納后才能回答。跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國(guó)一卷閱讀C篇片段)Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.…28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad. B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore. D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2024新課標(biāo)I卷閱讀C篇片段)…Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies–say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.…30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents’attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.02推理判斷題1.命題形式推理判斷題考查考生推理和判斷的能力，以及深層次的閱讀理解能力。主要考查隱含推斷題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、寫作意圖題、文章出處題、文章類型題、讀者對(duì)象題等。在進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)，要透過字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”，要據(jù)文推理、合情推理，不可脫離原文、主觀臆斷。30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?(2025全國(guó)一卷)34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?(2021新課標(biāo)I卷)2.思維導(dǎo)圖3.解題策略①“立足原文，只推一步”：根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單推理，一步即可推得。②選項(xiàng)中一般不出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念，如only、never、all、absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，會(huì)用能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often、usually、sometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國(guó)二卷D篇片段)…Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長(zhǎng))tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.…30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport. D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.跟蹤訓(xùn)練(2021新課標(biāo)I卷D篇片段)…Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife. …34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.01文章大意題何一篇文章都有自己的主旨，所以我們?cè)陂喿x一篇文章時(shí)，首先要弄清楚的就是文章的主旨，明確主旨之后才能進(jìn)一步理解文章的深層內(nèi)容和主題意義。主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握文章整體內(nèi)容和中心思想的能力。1.命題形式31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?(2024新課標(biāo)II卷)31.

Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(2022全國(guó)甲卷)2.思維導(dǎo)圖3.解題策略①利用主題句在段首位置推敲段落大意說明文和議論文學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)注“首段”和“段首”。借鑒“七選五”小標(biāo)題類型特點(diǎn)，段首句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段主旨大意，由此推斷段落大意。②利用主題句在段中位置推敲段落大意有時(shí)主題句出現(xiàn)在段中某句，這就需要考生耐心閱讀揣摩段落各句之間內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，確定主題句位置，進(jìn)而明確段落主旨大意。③利用主題句在段尾位置推敲段落大意有時(shí)主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾，關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞:in

brief/short,all

in

all,in

conclusion,

inaword等，這些詞后面連接的通常是主題句。④利用段落沒有主題句推敲段落大意有時(shí)候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉，難度更大。⑤利用“總-分-總”結(jié)構(gòu)推敲語篇主旨大意題有時(shí)候段落沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉，難度更大。跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2024新課標(biāo)I卷C篇)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it’safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood. B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance. D.Itreliesonfarmer’smarkets.29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?A.Real-timeweatherchanges. B.Currentconditionoftheplants.C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil. D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.BMF’smajorstrengths. B.BMF’sgeneralmanagement.C.BMF’sglobalinfluence. D.BMF’stechnicalstandards.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(24-25高三下·云南·階段練習(xí))I’msomebodywho’sveryrealisticabouteverything.Idon’tliveinillusionsandhopes,buttacklethethingswhichcomeathand.SomedaysareextraordinaryfantasticwhenIsimplycannotstayawayfrommygardenandpark.Gardenisn’tdoinganythinggreatyet,butmanyplantshavecomeup.Wantyourveggiestolastandproducewell?Startfromseeds,betteryet,yourownseeds.Myfavoritesaretomatoes,bellpeppers,zucchinis,cucumbersandallherbs.Basically,Iprefermealswithveryfewingredients,andthesevegetablesfitthebill.Yesterday,JetpacksentanotificationthatAIassistantisavailable.Well,apparently,there’saneedtopolisheverythingtothemostperfectperfection,makeitimpersonal,butgrammaticallycorrect.Forme,thevalueofablogisthepersonaltouch,theindividualexperience,thesimplelivesandthethingswetakeforgranted,butneedonadailybasis.Ibelievethemostinterestingblogsaretheoneswhichdisclosethepersonalexperiences,giveusaninsightinthepersonalityofthatbloggerandshowtheveryuniquefeaturesheorshehas.Lotsofpeoplehavealreadyaverycomplexrelationshipwithreality.Someliveinthevirtualbubbleandwhentheycomeout,theactualthingsmaketheminadequateforthereallife.WhyshouldIbeworriedaboutvirtualbelongingsandpropertieswhenIstillneedarealbedtosleepinandarealroofovermyhead?Ourpainisalsoreal,andwedon’tneedvirtualfood,airorwatertosurvive.I’vealwaysbeenamazedbythehumanintelligence.Bytheunbelievablepotentialithas.I’vebeenalwaysamazedbythepowerofthehumanbrain.Icertainlyhopethehumanintelligenceprevails(占上風(fēng)).Ithastakensolongtocometothishighlevelofcognitiveabilities.Ienjoydiscussionswithrealpeople.Weallhaveshortages;weallhaveflaws.That’swhatitmeanstobehuman.Please,stoptheAI.Atleastrestrictitsuseinsteadofputtingiteverywhere,likerightnowonyourblogandwebsite.1．Whyisthegardenmentionedinparagraph1?A．Everythingisveryrealinthegarden.B．Thegardenisworthyofbeingvisited.C．Theauthorearnshislivingbygardening.D．Author’sfavoriteveggiesaregrowinginthegarden.2．Whichisnotfavoredbytheauthorinblog?A．Toexpressone’suniqueandpersonalqualities.B．Todisclosetheindividualexperiencesandlives.C．Toperfecteverythingwithoutgrammaticalerrors.D．Togivereadersaninsightinthepersonalityofthatblogger.3．What’stheauthor’sattitudetoAI?A．Expectant. B．Resistant. C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.4．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．ComparinghumanandAIintelligence.B．Theauthor’sviewonbloggingandAIinfluence.C．Theauthor’sfondnessforreallife,againstAIoveruse.D．Thesignificanceofbalancingbetweenvirtualandreallife.02寫作意圖題1.命題設(shè)計(jì)每篇文章都有一個(gè)特定的寫作目的，或是向讀者傳遞某個(gè)信息，或是愉悅讀者，或是講授某個(gè)道理。而這些信息通常并不是明確表達(dá)出來，而是隱含在文章之中。因此，這類問題要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意。35.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?(2024新課標(biāo)II卷)63.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?(2011安徽卷)2.思維導(dǎo)圖3.解題思路①主旨推斷法。寫作意圖與文章主旨密切相關(guān)，因此，解答這類題跟解答主旨大意題和選擇文章標(biāo)題一樣，用略讀法，即重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句，找到主題句，抓住文章主旨，然后由主旨來推斷作者的寫作目的。議論文、新聞報(bào)道、說明文等，其主題句多在文首。②文體推斷法。①應(yīng)用文廣告的目的是吸引更多顧客、游客、讀者、訂戶、觀眾等訂閱或前往（toattractreaders）。②記敘文的目的是分享有趣的經(jīng)歷、告訴一個(gè)有趣的故事（toentertainreaders）、或給讀者某種啟示。③說明文的目的是使讀者獲得某種知識(shí)（toinformreaders），提出建議、勸告或呼吁有關(guān)部門給予重視。④議論文的目的通常是說服讀者接受或贊同某一觀點(diǎn)（topersuadereaders），倡導(dǎo)某種做法等。跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國(guó)一卷B篇片段)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAI...AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign，...AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.35．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．TorecommendabookonAI.B．TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C．ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.D．TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2025·四川·二模)InhisnewbiographyofRobertCrumb,DanNadel,acomics(漫畫)expert,writesthathissubjectagreedtoparticipateintheprojectunderonecondition:“thatIbehonestabouthisfaults,lookcloselyathisurges,andexaminetheraciallychargedaspectsofhiswork.”Crumb,honestinhisworkasanundergroundcomicspioneer,expectedthesamefromhisbiographer.AndNadelfulfilled.Thatdoesn’tmeanCrumb:ACartoonist’slifeisahatchetjob.Farfromit,NadelexpressesintenseadmirationforCrumb’sartanddeepsympathyforhistroubledupbringing.NadeltracksCrumb’sartisticprogress,fromworkingwithhisbrotherCharlesonadolescentcomicsinfluencedbychildhoodheroeslikeCarlBarksandJohnStanley,todesigninggreetingcardsforAmericanGreetings,andfinallytosinkingintoaboundlessreleaseofsubconsciouschaos.WhenitcomestimetoexploreCrumb’sproblematicrepresentationsofblackpeople,Nadelneitherexcusestheartistnorissuessimplecriticism.Crumb’sworkoftenembracedtheracistprejudicesheabsorbedfromhiswhite,postwarAmericanupbringing,andhisartwasanunpleasantreflectionofthoseinfluences.AccordingtoNadel,essentiallyitisbothprejudicedandblaming,pointingfingersathimself,thereaderandtheentireculture,andthereareneverhappyendingsinCrumbLand.Norhappybeginnings.Crumbwasbornin1943inPhiladelphia,theyoungestoffivechildreninafamilymarkedbymentalillnessandfrequentmoves.Thisinstabilityshapedhisearlylifeandcreatedasenseofdisconnectionthatwouldlastthroughouthiscareer.NadelalsoinvestigatesCrumb’slateryears,includinghistimeinSanFrancisco,wherehebecameamajorfigureinthecounterculture,butalwayskeptquestioningit.Crumb’sfamegrew,buthecontinuedtorefusetobecategorized,seeinghimselfasseparatefromtheveryculturethatcelebratedhim.GenerouslyillustratedwithworkthroughoutCrumb’scareer,Crumbisanartistbiographythatconnectstheworktothelifestorywithoutforcingorsimplifyinganything.Itworksasculturalhistory;youwon’tfindasharperanalysisoftheundergroundcomicsmovement.Nadelhonorsthecomplexityofhissubject,even,perhapsparticularly,whenitgetsugly.35．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toanalyzetheundergroundcomicsmovement.B．Torecommendabookonacomicspioneer.C．Toexaminetheinfluenceofupbringingonart.D．Tohonorthefriendshipwithaformercolleague.01閱讀理解議論文答題誤區(qū)1.混淆論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)，誤將事實(shí)當(dāng)觀點(diǎn)議論文中，作者會(huì)通過數(shù)據(jù)、研究結(jié)果、案例等論據(jù)支撐論點(diǎn)，但部分考生會(huì)將論據(jù)本身等同于作者的核心觀點(diǎn)。真題例證：2024年新課標(biāo)I卷C篇對(duì)比紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀，提到“研究表明紙質(zhì)閱讀在復(fù)雜任務(wù)中更有效”，這是論據(jù)；而作者的觀點(diǎn)是“不同媒介適合不同學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)景，紙質(zhì)文本在需要專注的學(xué)習(xí)中不可替代”。若誤將“研究結(jié)果”當(dāng)作作者觀點(diǎn)，會(huì)錯(cuò)選與“數(shù)字閱讀無效”相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)。2.過度推斷，脫離文本加戲考生常基于自身經(jīng)驗(yàn)或常識(shí)對(duì)原文進(jìn)行過度解讀，超出文本信息范圍。真題例證：2025年全國(guó)一卷C篇批判城市設(shè)計(jì)過度圍繞汽車，提到“澳大利亞汽車保有率高”。部分考生可能推斷“作者反對(duì)發(fā)展汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)”，但原文僅強(qiáng)調(diào)“需平衡交通與行人需求”，并未否定汽車本身，過度推斷會(huì)導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)態(tài)度相關(guān)選項(xiàng)。3.忽視上下文邏輯，孤立理解詞句詞義猜測(cè)或句意理解題中，考生易僅通過單詞表面含義判斷，忽略上下文的因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系。真題例證：2023年全國(guó)乙卷D篇提到“歷史敘述需結(jié)合文本與物品”，其中conversation一詞需結(jié)合上下文“l(fā)iterate與non-literate社會(huì)的接觸”“歷史的另一半”，才能理解其指“歷史（的完整敘述）”，若孤立理解為“對(duì)話”則會(huì)選錯(cuò)。4.主旨理解片面，聚焦細(xì)節(jié)忽略整體考生常因過度關(guān)注某段細(xì)節(jié)（如舉例、數(shù)據(jù)），而忽略全文核心論點(diǎn)。真題例證：2024年全國(guó)甲卷D篇圍繞“小說結(jié)局的合理性”展開，首段討論《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》的結(jié)局，中段分析不同文體的結(jié)局特點(diǎn)，末段引出《Writer’sDigest》的作用。若僅關(guān)注首段細(xì)節(jié)，會(huì)誤以為主旨是“討論某部小說的結(jié)局”，而實(shí)際主旨是“如何理解和寫作合理的結(jié)局”。5.態(tài)度判斷偏差，混淆“客觀陳述”與“主觀態(tài)度”作者可能客觀引用不同觀點(diǎn)，但考生易將“引用的觀點(diǎn)”當(dāng)作“作者的態(tài)度”。真題例證：2023年全國(guó)乙卷C篇提到“英國(guó)烹飪節(jié)目影響飲食文化”，既引用“節(jié)目促進(jìn)多樣化烹飪”，也提到“傳統(tǒng)飲食減少”，但作者的態(tài)度是“肯定節(jié)目對(duì)烹飪習(xí)慣的積極影響”。若誤將“傳統(tǒng)飲食減少”當(dāng)作作者的否定態(tài)度，會(huì)錯(cuò)選負(fù)面傾向的選項(xiàng)。02閱讀理解議論文誤區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì)1.區(qū)分論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)，抓標(biāo)志詞定位核心觀點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)在首尾段、轉(zhuǎn)折句（如however，infact）或總結(jié)句（如inconclusion）中；論據(jù)多為“研究表明”“例如”“數(shù)據(jù)顯示”等引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容，作用是支撐論點(diǎn)。2025年全國(guó)一卷D篇關(guān)于微塑料治理，“煮沸過濾可減少80%微塑料”是研究結(jié)果（論據(jù)），而作者觀點(diǎn)是“該方法為減少微塑料接觸提供了潛在路徑”（通過still,thefindingsshow...明確）。2.堅(jiān)持“原文有據(jù)”，拒絕“無中生有”選項(xiàng)必須在原文中找到直接依據(jù)，若選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是“可能合理但原文未提及”，則為過度推斷。2024年新課標(biāo)I卷D篇提到“生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)存在偏差”，選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)禁止公民科學(xué)家參與數(shù)據(jù)收集”屬于過度推斷，原文僅建議“引導(dǎo)公民科學(xué)家補(bǔ)充不足數(shù)據(jù)”。3.依托上下文邏輯，破解詞句含義詞義猜測(cè)題需關(guān)注“同義/反義關(guān)系”（如but，however提示反義）、“指代關(guān)系”（如this，it指代前文內(nèi)容）或“舉例解釋”（如suchas后的具體例子）。2024年全國(guó)甲卷C篇take...upanotch，前文提到“狗擅長(zhǎng)取回物品”，后文說“貓能帶回隨機(jī)物品給主人”，可推斷該短語意為“做得更好”（通過對(duì)比邏輯判斷）。4.梳理邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，精準(zhǔn)定位主旨通讀全文后，用“首段+各段首句+末段”梳理邏輯（如“提出問題—分析原因—給出建議”），主旨通常是作者的核心主張。2023年全國(guó)乙卷D篇，首段“歷史不能僅靠文字”，中段舉例“文字與物品結(jié)合的必要性”，末段“需同時(shí)讀文本與物品”，主旨可總結(jié)為“物品在歷史敘述中不可或缺”。5.通過情感詞判斷作者態(tài)度關(guān)注形容詞（如effective，problematic）、副詞（如unfortunately，surprisingly）及轉(zhuǎn)折詞（如yet，nevertheless），區(qū)分客觀陳述（無情感詞）與主觀態(tài)度（有明確情感傾向）。2024年新課標(biāo)I卷B篇中，作者描述Farber的整體醫(yī)療方法時(shí)，用amazed，workedsowell等詞體現(xiàn)肯定態(tài)度，可直接對(duì)應(yīng)appreciative類選項(xiàng)。03閱讀理解議論文滿分策略1.閱讀理解議論文深層理解解題居多，落實(shí)“題文同序”和“同義替換”。2.推理判斷題注重“源于文章，高于文章”，弄清來龍去脈再推斷。3主旨大意題要關(guān)注文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其是“首段”和“段首”及關(guān)鍵詞。4.遵循“倒金字塔”模式，重視首尾段照應(yīng)和首段概括引領(lǐng)作用。5.長(zhǎng)難句落實(shí)“括號(hào)法”—(從句)(非謂語)(介詞短語)(名詞短語)。6.滿分策略：讀題干→找原文→做標(biāo)記→留痕跡→看選項(xiàng)→扣字眼。閱讀理解議論文閱讀理解議論文綜合能力提升真題專區(qū)：研讀高考真題，洞悉高考命題規(guī)律，探尋滿分做題技巧和應(yīng)試思維01(2025全國(guó)一卷)Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBr?mmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長(zhǎng))tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad. B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore. D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A.Keeptheircitieslivable. B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies. D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?(推理判斷題)A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport. D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?(標(biāo)題概括題)A.WhytheRush? B.What’sNext?C.WheretoStay? D.WhotoBlame?02(2024新課標(biāo)I卷)Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no.”Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心態(tài))andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks–likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage–toonesthatrequirementalabstraction–suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假說).”Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies–say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?(猜測(cè)詞義題)A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly. B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly. D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents’attention. B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills. D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?(推理判斷題)A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.03(2021全國(guó)甲卷)Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective. D.They'restrict.33.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?(推理判斷題)A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs34.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication. B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts. D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?(標(biāo)題概括題)A.GeniusesThinkAlike B.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligence D.GeniusandLuck模擬專區(qū)：精選名校真題好題，幫你錘煉做題技巧，助力沖刺備考圓夢(mèng)高考04（25-26高三上·廣東深圳·開學(xué)考試）Willartificialintelligence(AI)replacemyjob?Thisisaquestionthatmanypeoplethinkaboutthesedays.Atpresent,theapplicationofAIroboticsinprofessionalfields,aswellasChatGPT’sabilitiestowriteessays,solvecomplexproblemsandmore,haveheightenedmoralconcerns.SomepeopleseeAIastheultimatecurefor