年考研英語二真題（附答案）SectionIUseofEnglishTherearemanyunderstandablereasonswhyyoumightfinditdifficulttoaskforhelpwhenyouneedit.Psychologistshavebeeninterestedinthis1fordecades,notleastbecausepeople’swidespread2toaskforhelphasledtosomehigh-profilefailures.Askingorhelptakes3.Itinvolvescommunicatinganeedonyourpart-there’ssomethingyoucan’tdo.4,you’rebroadcastingyourownweaknesseswhichcanbe5.Youmightworryaboutcomingacrossasincompetent.Youmighthave6aboutlosingcontrolofwhateveritisyou’reaskingforhelpwith.7someonestartstohelp,perhapsthey’lltakeover,orgetcreditforyourearlierefforts.Yetanother8thatmightbeworriedaboutisbeinganuisanceor9thepersonyougotoforhelp.Ifyoustrugglewithlowself-esteem,youmightfinditespeciallydifficultto10forhelpbecauseyouhavetheaddedworryoftheotherperson11yourrequest.Youmightseesuchrefusalsasimplyingsomething12aboutthestatusofyourrelationshipwiththem.To13thesedifficulties,trytoremindyourselfthateveryoneneedshelpsometimes.Nobodyknowseverythingandcandoeverythingallbythemselves.Andwhileyoumight14comingacrossasincompetent,there’sactuallyresearchthatshowsthatadvice-seekersare15asmorecompetent,notless.Perhapsmostencouragingofallisapaperfrom2022byresearchersatStanfordUniversitythatinvolvedamixofcontrivedhelp-seekinginteractionsandaskingpeopleto16timesthey’dsoughthelpinthepast.Thefindingsshowedthathelp-seekergenerallyunderestimatehow17otherpeoplewillbetohelpandhowgoodit’llmakethehelp-giverfeel(formostpeople,havingthechancetohelpsomeoneishighly18).So,bearallthisinmindthenexttimeyouneedtoaskforhelp19,takecareoverwhoyouaskandwhenyouaskthem.Andifsomeonecan’thelprightnow,avoidtalkingitpersonally.Theymightjustbetoo20,ortheymightnotfeelconfidentabouttheirabilitytohelp.1.[A]illusion [B]discussion [C]tradition [D]question2.[A]reluctance [B]ambition [C]tendency [D]enthusiasm3.[A]attention [B]talent [C]courage [D]patience4.[A]Atanytime [B]Inotherwords [C]Byallmeans [D]Onthecontrary5.[A]unrealistic [B]deceptive [C]tiresome [D]uncomfortable6.[A]doubts [B]concerns [C]suggestions [D]secrets7.[A]Once [B]Unless [C]Although [D]Before8.[A]theory [B]choice [C]factor [D]context9.[A]overpraising[B]outperforming[C]reassessing [D]inconveniencing10.[A]reachout [B]settledown [C]turnover [D]lookback11.[A]declining [B]considering [C]criticising [D]evaluating12.[A]unnecessary[B]negative [C]strange [D]impractical13.[A]explain [B]identify [C]predict [D]overcome14.[A]deny [B]forget [C]miss [D]fear15.[A]disguised [B]perceived [C]followed [D]introduced16.[A]recall [B]classify [C]analyse [D]compare17.[A]relaxing [B]disappointed [C]willing [D]hesitant18.[A]brave [B]surprising [C]rewarding [D]demanding19.[A]Thus [B]also [C]Finally [D]Instead20.[A]polite [B]proud [C]busy [D]lazy答案1.D2.A3.C4.B5.D6.B7.A8.C9.D10.A11.A12.B13.D14.D15.B16.A17.C18.C19.B20.CSectionIIReadingComprehensionText1U.S.customershistoricallytippedpeopletheyassumedwereearningmostoftheirincomeviatips,suchasrestaurantserversearninglessthantheminimumwage.Intheearly2010s,awiderangeofbusinessesstartedprocessingpurchaseswithiPadsandotherdigitalpaymentsystems.Thesesystemspromptedcustomerstotipforservicesthatwerenotpreviouslytipped.Today'stiprequestsareoftennotconnectedtothesalaryandservicenormsthatusedtodeterminewhenoudhowpeopletip.Customersinthepastnearlyalwayspaidtipsafterreceivingaservice,suchasattheconclusionofarestaurantmeal,aftergettingahaircutoronceapizzawasdelivered.Thattimingcouldrewardhigh-qualityserviceandgiveworkersanincentivetoprovideit.It'sbecomingmorecommonfortipstoberequestedbeforehand.Andnewtippingtechnologymayevenautomaticallyaddtips.Theprevalenceofdigitalpaymentdeviceshasmadeiteasiertoaskcustomersforatip.Thathelpsexplainwhytiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindofservices.Customersnowroutinelyseemenusofsuggesteddefaultoptions-oftenwellabove70%ofwhattheyowe.Theamountshaverisenfrom10%orlessinthe1950sto15%aroundtheyear2000to20%orhighertoday.Thisincreaseissometimescalledtipflation-theexpectationofever-highertipamounts.Tippinghasalwaysbeenavitalsourceofincomeforworkersinhistoricallytippedservices,likerestaurants,wherethetippedminimumwagecanbeaslowasUS$2.13anhour.Tipcreepandtipflationarenowfurthersupplementingtheincomeofmanylow-wageserviceworkers.Notably,tippingprimarilybenefitssomeoftheseworkers,suchascooksanddishwashers.Toensurethatallemployeeswerepaidfairwages,somerestaurantsbannedtippingandincreasedprices,butthismovementtowardno-tippingserviceshaslargelyfizzledout.21.Accordingtoparagraph1,thepracticeoftipsintheU.S.________.[A]wasregardedbymanycustomersasasignofgenerosity[B]wasconsideredessentialforwaiters[C]wasawayofrewardingdiligence[D]wasoptionalinmostbusinesses22.Comparedwithtipsinthepast,today'stips________.[A]arepaidmuchlessfrequently[B]arelessoftenrequestedinadvance[C]havelesstodowithservicequality[D]contributedlesstoworkers'income23.Tiprequestsarecreepingintonewkindofserviceasaresultof________.[A]theadvancementoftechnology[B]thedesireforincomeincrease[C]thediversificationofbusiness[D]theemergenceoftipflation24.Themovementtowardtono-tippingservicewasintendedto________.[A]promoteconsumption[B]enrichincomesources[C]maintainreasonableprices[D]guaranteeincomefairness25.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthattipping________.[A]isbecomingaburdenforcustomers[B]helpsencouragequalityservice[C]isvitaltobusinessdevelopment[D]reflectstheneedtoreduceprices答案21.B22.C23.A24.D25.AText2Whenitwasestablished,theNationalHealthservice(NHS)wasvisionary:offeringhigh-quality,timelycaretomeetthedominantneedsofthepopulationitserved/Nearly75yearson;withtheUKfacingverydifferenthealthchallenges,itisclearthatmodelisoutofdate.Fromlifeexpectancytocancerandinfantmortalityrates,wearelaggingbehindmanyofourpeers/Withmorethan6.8milliononwaitlists,healthcareisbecomingincreasinglyinaccessibleforthosewhocannotopttopayforprivatetreatment;andthecostofprovidinghealthcareisincreasinglysqueezedoutinvestmentinotherpublicservices/Asdemandforhealthcarecontinuestogrow,pressuresontheworkforce-whichisalreadynearbreakingpoint-willonlybecomemoreacute.Manyoftheanswerstothecrisisinhealthandcarearewellrehearsed./Weneedtobemuchbetteratreducinganddivertingdemandonhealthservices,ratherthansimplymanagingit./Muchmoreneedstobeinvestedincommunitiesandprimarycaretoreduceourrelianceonhospital's/Andcapacityinsocialcareneedstobegreater,tosupportthegrowingnumberofpeoplelivingwithlong-termconditions.26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,theNHS________.[A]istroubledbyfundingdeficiencies[B]canhardlysatisfypeople'sneeds[C]canbarelyretainitscurrentemployees[D]isrivalledbyprivatemedicalservices27.Oneanswertothecrisisinhealthandcareisto________.[A]boosttheefficiencyofhospitals[B]lightentheburdenonsocialcare[C]increaseresourcesforprimarycare[D]reducethepressureoncommunities28."Reimagininghealth"isaimedto________.[A]reinforcehospitalmanagement[B]readjusthealthcareregulations[C]restructurethehealthsystem[D]resumesuspendedhealthreforms29.Tomaximisethenation'shealth,theauthorsuggests________.[A]introducingrelevanttaxationpolicies[B]payingdueattentiontosocialfactors[C]reevaluatingmajorhealthoutcomes[D]enhancingthequalityofhealthcare30.Itcanbeinferredthatlocalleadersshould________.[A]exercisetheirpowermorereasonably[B]developastrongersenseofresponsibility[C]playabiggerroleinthenhealthsystem[D]understandpeople'shealthneedsbetter答案26.B27.C28.C29.B30.DText3Heatactionplans,orHAPs,havebeenproliferatinginIndiainthepastfewyears.Ingeneral,aHAPspellsoutwhenandhowofficialsshouldissueheatwarningsandalerthospitalsandotherinstitutions.Nagpur'splan,forinstance,callsforhospitalstosetaside"coldwards"inthesummerfortreatingheatstrokepatients,andadvisesbuilderstogiveconstructionlaborersabreakfromworkonveryhotdays.ButimplementationofexistingHAPshasbeenuneven,accordingtoareportfromtheCentreforPolicyResearch.Manylackadequatefunding,itfound.Andtheirtriggeringthresholdsoftenarenotcustomizedtothelocalclimate.Insomeareas,highdaytimetemperaturesalonemightserveasanadequatetriggerforalerts.Butinotherplaces,nighttimetemperaturesorhumiditymightbeasimportantagaugeofriskasdaytimehighs.Mumbai'sAprilheatstrokedeathshighlightedtheneedformorenuancedandlocalizedwarnings,researcherssay.Thatday'shightemperatureofroughly36℃was1℃shyoftheheatwavealertthresholdforcoastalcitiessetbynationalmeteorologicalauthorities.Buttheeffectsoftheheatwereamplifiedbyhumidity—anoftenneglectedfactorinheatalertsystems-andthelackofshadeatthelate-morningoutdoorceremony.TohelpimproveHAPs,urbanplannerRajashreeKotharkar'steamisworkingonamodelplanthatoutlinesbestpracticesandcouldbeadaptedtolocalconditions.Amongotherthings,shesays,allcitiesshouldcreateavulnerabilitymaptohelpfocusresponsesonthepopulationsmostatrisk.Suchmappingdoesn'tneedtobecomplex,Kotharkarsays."Ausefulmapcanbecreatedbylookingatevenafewkeyparameters."Forexample,neighborhoodswithalargeelderlypopulationorinformaldwellingsmightbepoorerwithheatcouldgetspecialwarningsorbebolsteredwithcoolingcenters.TheNagpurprojecthasalreadycreatedariskandvulnerabilitymap,whichenabledKotharkartotellofficialswhichneighborhoodstofocusonintheeventofaheatwavethissummer.HAPsshouldn'tjustincludeshort-termemergencyresponses,researcherssay,butalsorecommendmedium-tolong-termmeasuresthatcouldmakecommunitiescooler.InNagpur,forexample,Kotharkar'steahasbeenabletoadvisecityofficialsaboutwheretoplanttreestoprovideshade.HAPscouldalsoguideeffortstoretrofithomesormodifybuildingregulations."Reducingdeathsinanemergencyisgoodtargettohave,butit'sthelowesttarget,"saysclimateresearcherChandriSingh.31.AccordingtoParagraph1,Nagpur'splanproposesmeasuresto________.[A]tackleextremeweather[B]ensureconstructionquality[C]monitoremergencywarnings[D]addressexcessiveworkloads32.OneproblemwithexistingHAPsisthatthey________.[A]provetoocostlytobeimplemented[B]lacklocalizedalert-issuingcriteria[C]givedelayedresponsestoheatwaves[D]keephospitalsundergreatpressure33.Mumbai'scaseshowsthatIndia'sheatalertsystemsneedto________.[A]includeotherfactorsbesidestemperature[B]takesubtleweatherchangesintoaccount[C]prioritizepotentiallydisastrousheatwaves[D]drawfurthersupportfromlocalauthorities34.Kotharkarholdsthatavulnerabilitymapcanhelp________.[A]preventtheharmofhighhumidity[B]targetareasneedingspecialattention[C]expandtheNagpurproject'scoverage[D]makereliefplansforheat-strickenpeople35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,researchersbelievethatHAPsshould________.[A]focusmoreonheatstroketreatment[B]applyformoregovernmentgrants[C]invitewiderpublicparticipation[D]serveabroaderrangeofpurposes答案31.A32.B33.A34.B35.DText4Navigatingbeyondtheorganisedpavementsandpartsofoururbanspaces,desirepathsaretheunofficialfootprintsofacommunity,revealingtheunspokenpreferences,sharedshortcutsandcollectivechoicesofhumans.Oftenappearingastroddendirttracksthroughotherwiseneatgreenspaces,theseroutesofcollectivedisobediencecutcorners,bisectlawnsandcrosshills,representingthenaturalcapabilityofpeoplecand,animals,togofrompointAtopointBmosteffectively.Urbanplannersinterpretdesirepathsasmorethanjustconvenientshortcuts;theyoffervaluableinsightsintothedynamicsbetweenplanningandbehaviour.Navigatingbeyondtheorganisedpavementsandparksofoururbanspaces,desirepathsaretheunofficialfootprintsofacommunity,revealingtheunspokenpreferences,sharedshortcutsandcollectivechoicesofhumans.Oftenappearingastroddendirttracksthroughotherwiseneatgreenspaces,theseroutesofcollectivedisobediencecutcorners,bisectlawnsandcrosshills,representingthenaturalcapabilityofpeople(andanimals)togofrompointAtopointBmosteffectively.Urbanplannersinterpretdesirepathsasmorethanjustconvenientshortcuts;theyoffervaluableinsightsintothedynamicsbetweenplanningandbehaviour.OhioStateUniversityalloweditsstudentstonavigatetheOval,alawninthecentreofcampus,freely,thenproceededtopavethedesirepaths,creatingawebofeffectiveroutesstudentshadestablished.Yet,reluctancepersistsamongotherplannerstointegratedesirepathsintoformalplans,citingconcernsaboutsafety,environmentalimpact,orprimarily,aesthetics.ARedditwebpagedevotedtothephenomenon,boastingnearly50,000members,showcasesimagesoflocaldesirepathsadornedwithsignsinstructingpedestrianstoadheretodesignatedwalkways,underscoringtherebelliousnatureinherentinthesehuman-madetracks.Thisclashhighlightsanongoingstrugglebetweentheorganic,user-drivenevolutionofpublicspacesandthedesireforavisuallycuratedandcontrolledurbanenvironment.TheWickquasgeckTrailisanexampleofahistoricaldesirepath,createdbyNativeAmericanstocrosstheforestsofManhattanandmovebetweensettlementsquickly.Thistrail,whenDutchcolonistsarrived,waswidenedandmadeintooneofthemaintraderoadsacrosstheisland,knownatthetimeasdeHeereStraat,orGentlemen’sStreet.FollowingtheBritishassumptionofcontrolinNewYork,thestreetwasrenamedBroadway.Notably,BroadwaystandsoutasoneofthefewareasinNYCthatdefiesthegrid-basedsystemappliedtotherestofthecity,cuttingadiagonalacrosspartsofthecity.Inonlinespaces,desirepathshavesparkedafascinationthatcanapproachobsession,withtheRedditpageservingasahub.Contributorsofferawidearrayofstories,fromlittle-knownnewshortcutstolong-establishedalternateroutes.Animaldesirepaths,suchasducksforgingtrailsthroughfrozenpondsordogscarvingdirectroutesingardens,highlighttheadaptabilityofthesetrailsinbothhumanandanimalexperiences.Asdesirepathscriss-crossthroughbothphysicalandvirtuallandscapes,theystandasaproofofthecollectiveinsistenceonforgingunconventionalroutesandembracingthespiritofcommunalchoice.36.AccordingtoParagraph1,desirepathsarearesultof________.[A]thecuriositytoexploresurroundinghills[B]thenecessitytopreservegreenspaces[C]thetendencytopursueconvenience[D]thewishtofindcomfortinsolitude37.ItcanbeinferredthatOhioStateUniversity________.[A]intendstoimproveitsdesirepaths[B]leadsintheresearchondesirepaths[C]guidesthecreationofitsdesirepaths[D]takesapositiveviewofdesirepaths38.TheimagesontheRedditwebpagereflect________.[A]conflictingopinionsontheuseofdesirepaths[B]thecalltoupgradethedesigningofpublicspaces[C]thedemandforproperplanningofdesirepaths[D]growingconcernsoverthelossofpublicspaces39.TheexampleoftheWickguasgeckTrailillustrates________.[A]thegrowthofNewYorkCity[B]theDutchoriginofdesirepaths[C]theimportanceofurbanplanning[D]therecognitionofdesirepaths40.Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatdesirepaths________.[A]revealhumans’deeprespectfornature[B]arecrucialtohumans’mentalwellbeing[C]areahumanimitationofanimalbehaviour[D]showasharedtraitinhumansandanimals答案36.C37.D38.A39.D40.DFiveStepstoSuggestingaChangeatWorkThat'llActuallyGetTakenSeriouslyEveryonewantstobethatperson—theonewholooksatthesameinformationaseveryoneelse,butwhoseesafresh,innovativesolution.However,ittakesmorethansimplyhavingagoodidea.Howyoushareitisasimportantasthesuggestionitself.Why?Becausewritinganewscript-literallyorfiguratively-meansthatotherteammemberswillhavetoadapttosomethingnew.Sowhetheryou'resuggestinga(seemingly)benignchangelikestreamliningoutdatedprotocol,orabiggerchangelikeaddinganhourtoeachworkdaysopeoplecanleaveearlyonFridays,you'reaskingotherstoreimaginetheirworkfloworschedule.Nottomention,iftheprocessyourscrappingisonesomeoneelsesuggested,there'sthepossibilityofhurtfeelings.Togainbuy-inonaninnovative,newidea,followthesesteps:41________.Greatideasdon’tstandalone.Inotherwords,youcan’tmentionyoursuggestiononceandexpectittobeadopted.Toseeachange,you’llneedtochampionyourplanandsellitsmerits.Inaddition,youneedtobewillingtostanduptoscrutinyandcriticismandbepreparedtoexplainyourinnovationindifferentwaysforvariousaudiences.42________.Sometimesitmakessensetogotoyourbossfirst.Butothertimes,it’susefultobuildacoalitionamongyourco-workersorotherstakeholders.Whenitworks,itworksgreat—becauseyou’rereadyforyourstubbornsupervisor’spushbackwithanswerslike,“Actually,Iconnectedwithafewpeopleinourtechdepartmenttodiscusshowmuchtimethesekindsofwebsiteupdateswouldtake,andtheysuggestedtheyhavethebandwidth.However,justbecertainyoucanexplainyourend-aroundapproachasonethatbuiltyourcase,ratherthansimplycircumventedyourmanager.Thelastthingyouwantisforyourbosstofeelembarrassedhewasn’tinformed—whichcouldleadhimtoquashtheideabeforeiteventakesoff.43________.Oneofthebiggestbarrierstogainingbuy-inoccurswhentheownerofanideaisviewedasargumentative,defensive,orclose-minded.Because,let’sbehonest:Noonelikesaknow-it-all.So,ifpeopledisagreewithyou,don’tbeindignant.Instead,listentotheirconcernsfully,trytounderstandtheirperspective,andincludetheirconcerns(andpossibleremedies)infuturediscussions.So,insteadofsaying,“Martha,ourcurrentsloganisconfusingandshouldbeupdated,”youcouldtry,“Martharaisesagreatpointthatourcurrentsloganhasalonghistoryforourstakeholders,butIwonderifwemightabletobrainstormataglinethatcouldbuildonthat—andbeclearerfornewcustomers.”44________.Newideasarethegrandchildrenofoldones.Inotherwords,don’tthrowoldsolutionsunderthebustomakeyourimprovementstandout.Rememberthatinlightofwhatevertheproblemtheoldsystemsolved—or,maybe,hasfailedtosolveinrecentmemory—itwasagreatideaatthetime.Appreciatingtheoldercontributionsasyousuggestfutureinnovationshelpsbolsterthecredibilityofyouridea.45________.Whenpitchinganewidea,it’simportantusethelanguageofabundanceinsteadofthelanguageofdeficit.Insteadofsayingwhatiswrong,broken,orsuboptimal,talkaboutwhatisright,fixable,orideal.Forexample,try,“Icanseelotsofapplicationsforthisnewapproach”ratherthan,“Thisinnovationistheonlyway.”Beoptimisticbutrealistic,andyouwillstandout.[A]Staypositive [B]Respectthepast [C]Usechannels [D]Giveittime[E]Inviteresistance [F]Beasalesman [G]Behumble答案41.F42.C43.G44.B45.ASectionIIITranslation46.TranslationYouknowthemoment-theconversation.Slows,thenthere'sapause.It'sawkward,andsoawkwardthatsomepeoplewillpanicandsayanything.Doweallfindsuchsilencessostressful?Researchersanalysedthefrequencyandimpactofgapsgreaterthan2secondsdaringconversations,includinganoverviewofpreviousstudieswhichindicatethatthefearofawkwardsilencescanbesoextremethatpeopleavoidtakingtostrangers,eventhoughdoingsoislikelytobeanenjoyableexperience.Duringconversationswithshortgaps,peoplefeelmoreconnectedtotheirconversationpartners.Butsuchfeeingofconnectionmarkedlydipwhenenteringalonggap.Longgapsbetweenstrangersarelikelytobefollowedbyachangeintopic.Buttheoppositeseemstobetrueforconversationsbetweenfriends.Longgapstheresawincreasedconnection.Betweenfriends,longergapsseemtoprovidenaturalmomentsforreflectionandexpression.【答案】你知道那一刻——對話慢了下來，然后出現(xiàn)了停頓。這很尷尬，尷尬到有些人會驚慌失措，說出任何話來。我們所有人都覺得這樣的沉默如此有壓力嗎？研究人員分析了對話中超過2秒的停頓的頻率和影響，包括對先前研究的概述，這些研究表明對尷尬沉默的恐懼可能非常強烈，以至于人們避免與陌生人交談，盡管這樣做很可能會是一次愉快的體驗。在對話中，短暫的停頓讓人們感覺與對話伙伴更加親近。但當進入長時間的停頓時，這種連接感會顯著下降。陌生人之間的長時間停頓可能會由話題的轉(zhuǎn)變而改變。但對于朋友之間的對話來說，情況似乎正好相反。在朋友之間，長時間的停頓反而增加了連接感。在朋友之間，更長的停頓似乎提供了自然的反思和表達時刻。SectionIVWriting47.Directions：SupposeyouareplanningashortplaybasedonaclassicChinesenovel.WriteyourfriendJohnane-mailto.1)introducetheplayand2)invitehimtakepartinitYoushouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownname.Use“LiMing”instead.(10points)假設(shè)您正在計劃一部基于中國經(jīng)典小說的短劇。給您的朋友John寫一封電子郵件。1）介紹戲劇2）邀請他參與你應(yīng)該在答題紙上寫大約100個字。不要使用你自己的名字。請改用“LiMing”。（10分）48.Directions:Writeanessaybasedonthechartbelow.Inyourwriting,youshould1)interpretthechart,and2)giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)根據(jù)下面的圖表寫一篇論文。在你的寫作中，你應(yīng)該1）解釋圖表，以及2）給出你的評論。你應(yīng)該在答題紙上寫大約150個字。（15分）47.【參考答案】DearJohn,Iamwritingwithsinceritytoinformyouofsomenecessary