高考英語完形填空專項練習(xí)十篇（含詳細(xì)解析）——精準(zhǔn)突破語篇邏輯與詞匯運用引言：完形填空的考查核心與練習(xí)價值高考英語完形填空以語篇為載體，綜合考查詞匯辨析、邏輯推理、語境理解與文化常識，是區(qū)分度較高的核心題型。其命題邏輯可概括為：“在語境中選詞匯，在邏輯中梳文脈”——既要求考生掌握“單詞本義”，更需理解“語境義”；既需辨析“語法正確項”，更需篩選“邏輯最佳項”。本專項練習(xí)精選10篇原創(chuàng)文本，涵蓋記敘文、說明文、議論文三大文體（話題涉及成長感悟、科技發(fā)展、文化習(xí)俗、社會熱點等），每題從“語篇主旨→空格語境→選項差異”三層邏輯解析，幫助考生建立“以文解空”的思維習(xí)慣。練習(xí)一：AVolunteer’sDay（記敘文·社區(qū)服務(wù)）原文Bytheendoftheday,thewallswerecoveredwithcolorfulpaintings.Lookingatourwork,Ifeltasenseof____6____(pride/sadness/relief/surprise).Theexperiencetaughtmethathelpingothersisn’tjustaboutdoingafavor—it’sabout____7____(sharing/connecting/inspiring/teaching)withpeopleandbuildingmeaningfulrelationships.題目1.A.excitedB.anxiousC.curiousD.tired2.A.introducedB.explainedC.remindedD.suggested3.A.helpfulB.skilledC.patientD.creative4.A.taughtB.guidedC.forcedD.allowed5.A.honestyB.politenessC.passionD.determination6.A.prideB.sadnessC.reliefD.surprise7.A.sharingB.connectingC.inspiringD.teaching解析1.答案：A語境分析：結(jié)合后文“kidsweresoenthusiastic”（孩子們熱情高漲）的暗示，“excitedabout”（對…感到興奮）更能體現(xiàn)孩子們對活動的期待感；“anxious（焦慮的）”“tired（疲憊的）”與“enthusiastic”矛盾；“curious（好奇的）”雖合理，但“excited”情感更強烈，與后文呼應(yīng)。2.答案：A考查點：動詞辨析+固定搭配?！癷ntroducesb.to…”是“把某人介紹給…”的固定結(jié)構(gòu)，符合“協(xié)調(diào)員向團隊介紹我”的語境；“explain（解釋）”需接“tosb.that/wh-從句”；“remind（提醒）”后常接“sb.ofsth.”；“suggest（建議）”后接“doing”或“that從句”，均不符合結(jié)構(gòu)。3.答案：B語境推理：前文“worriedImightnotbe…enough”（擔(dān)心自己不夠…），結(jié)合后文“kids的熱情讓我放松”，暗示“我”擔(dān)心的是“技能不足（skilled）”——若擔(dān)心“不夠耐心/有創(chuàng)造力”，后文應(yīng)體現(xiàn)孩子吵鬧或作品創(chuàng)意不足，但原文無此線索；“helpful（樂于助人的）”與“擔(dān)心”邏輯不符（樂于助人是態(tài)度，無需“擔(dān)心”）。4.答案：B詞匯辨析：“guidesb.todosth.”（引導(dǎo)某人做某事）符合“我坐在她旁邊，引導(dǎo)她穩(wěn)住手”的語境；“teach（教）”側(cè)重知識傳授，此處是動作指導(dǎo)；“force（強迫）”“allow（允許）”與“helpher”的善意語境矛盾。5.答案：C6.答案：A情感邏輯：“一天結(jié)束后，墻上滿是彩色畫作”，結(jié)合“幫助他人”的積極體驗，“pride（自豪）”最符合語境；“sadness（悲傷）”“relief（解脫）”“surprise（驚訝）”均與“完成作品”的成就感不符。7.答案：B語篇主旨：文章結(jié)尾升華主題，“helpingothers…isabout…withpeopleandbuildingmeaningfulrelationships”（幫助他人是與他人建立聯(lián)系、構(gòu)建有意義的關(guān)系），“connectingwithpeople”與“buildingrelationships”呼應(yīng)；“sharing（分享）”“inspiring（激勵）”“teaching（教學(xué)）”均偏離“關(guān)系建立”的核心。練習(xí)二：UrbanFarming:ANewTrend（說明文·城市農(nóng)業(yè)）原文Urbanfarming,apracticeofgrowingfoodincities,isgainingpopularityworldwide.Unliketraditionalfarmsinruralareas,urbanfarmsareoftenbuiltonrooftops,balconies,oreveninabandonedlots.Thetrendisdrivenbytwomainfactors:adesirefor____1____(healthier/cheaper/moreconvenient/moredelicious)foodandagrowingconcernfortheenvironment.Growingfoodlocallyreducestheneedforlong-distancetransportation,which____2____(increases/reduces/worsens/causes)carbonemissions.Moreover,urbanfarmscan____3____(improve/ruin/ignore/change)thecity’sappearance—greenplantsmakeconcretebuildingsmoreattractive.Somecitiesevenofferfinancialsupporttopeoplewhowanttostarturbanfarms,____4____(encouraging/forbidding/forcing/ordering)moreresidentstojointhemovement.題目1.A.healthierB.cheaperC.moreconvenientD.moredelicious2.A.increasesB.reducesC.worsensD.causes3.A.improveB.ruinC.ignoreD.change4.A.encouragingB.forbiddingC.forcingD.ordering5.A.insteadofB.inadditiontoC.becauseofD.regardlessof解析1.答案：A語境+邏輯推理：后文“growingconcernfortheenvironment”（對環(huán)境的關(guān)注）暗示，城市農(nóng)業(yè)的驅(qū)動力之一是“健康（healthier）”飲食（隱含“無農(nóng)藥、更環(huán)?！钡慕】颠壿嫞?；“cheaper（更便宜）”“moreconvenient（更便捷）”“moredelicious（更美味）”雖合理，但與“環(huán)境關(guān)注”的并列邏輯不符（“健康”與“環(huán)?！备哧P(guān)聯(lián)性）。2.答案：B邏輯推理：前文“reducestheneedforlong-distancetransportation”（減少長途運輸需求），因此“carbonemissions（碳排放）”應(yīng)“減少（reduces）”；“increases（增加）”“worsens（惡化）”“causes（導(dǎo)致）”均與“減少運輸”的環(huán)保邏輯矛盾。3.答案：A語境匹配：后文“greenplantsmakeconcretebuildingsmoreattractive”（綠色植物讓混凝土建筑更美觀），說明城市農(nóng)場能“improve（改善）”城市外觀；“ruin（破壞）”“ignore（忽視）”“change（改變）”均與“attractive”的積極語境不符。4.答案：A邏輯+情感：前文“citiesofferfinancialsupport”（城市提供資金支持），目的是“encouraging（鼓勵）”居民參與；“forbidding（禁止）”“forcing（強迫）”“ordering（命令）”與“支持”的善意邏輯矛盾。5.答案：A語境推理：前文“Limitedspaceandsoilqualityareproblems”（空間和土壤質(zhì)量是問題），因此水培法是“用水分代替（insteadof）土壤”種植；“inadditionto（除…之外）”“becauseof（因為）”“regardlessof（不管）”均無法解決“土壤問題”的語境。練習(xí)三：ThePowerofaSmile（記敘文·善意傳遞）原文Onabusymorning,IwasrushingtoworkwhenIsawamansittingonthesidewalk.Helookedtiredand____1____(homeless/angry/hungry/upset).AsIwalkedpast,oureyesmet,andhegavemeaweaksmile.Foramoment,Ihesitated—shouldIstop?ButIwasalreadylate,soIkeptwalking.Thewholeday,thatsmilestayedinmymind.Icouldn’thelpthinkingabouttheman’s____2____(kindness/poverty/loneliness/desperation)behindthesmile.Thatevening,Ireturnedtothesamestreetwithasandwichandabottleofwater.WhenIhandedthemtohim,hiseyeslitupwith____3____(surprise/joy/gratitude/relief).“Thankyou,”hesaid,hissmilenowbrightandwarm.Irealizedthatasimplesmilecanbeabridgebetweenstrangers.Itcostsnothing,butitcan____4____(touch/influence/change/connect)someone’sday.Fromthenon,Imadeapromisetomyself:wheneverIseesomeoneinneed,I’llofferasmile—andmaybealittlehelp.題目1.A.homelessB.angryC.hungryD.upset2.A.kindnessB.povertyC.lonelinessD.desperation3.A.surpriseB.joyC.gratitudeD.relief4.A.touchB.influenceC.changeD.connect解析1.答案：A語境推理：“sittingonthesidewalk”（坐在人行道上）+“tired”（疲憊），暗示他可能是“homeless（無家可歸的）”；“angry（生氣的）”“hungry（饑餓的）”“upset（沮喪的）”雖合理，但“無家可歸”更貼合“坐在人行道”的場景邏輯。2.答案：A邏輯呼應(yīng)：前文“hegavemeaweaksmile”（他給了我一個虛弱的微笑），后文“behindthesmile”（微笑背后），說明是“kindness（善意）”；“poverty（貧窮）”“l(fā)oneliness（孤獨）”“desperation（絕望）”雖可能，但“微笑”直接傳遞的是“善意”。3.答案：C情感匹配：“Ihandedthemtohim”（我遞給他食物和水），他的反應(yīng)應(yīng)是“gratitude（感激）”；“surprise（驚訝）”（若驚訝，后文應(yīng)無“thankyou”）；“joy（喜悅）”（程度過淺，“感激”更貼合“受助”的語境）；“relief（解脫）”（與“食物”的直接幫助關(guān)聯(lián)弱）。4.答案：C語篇主旨：前文“asimplesmilecanbeabridge”（微笑是橋梁），后文“changesomeone’sday”（改變某人的一天），強調(diào)微笑的“改變”力量；“touch（觸動）”“influence（影響）”“connect（連接）”均不如“change”能體現(xiàn)“從沮喪到溫暖”的轉(zhuǎn)變。練習(xí)四：TheArtofPublicSpeaking（說明文·演講技巧）原文Publicspeakingisaskillthatcanbelearned,notjustatalent.Thekeytoasuccessfulspeechis____1____(preparation/practice/confidence/knowledge).First,understandyouraudience:theirinterests,needs,andexpectations.Thishelpsyoutailoryourmessageto____2____(reach/inspire/persuade/entertain)them.題目1.A.preparationB.practiceC.confidenceD.knowledge2.A.reachB.inspireC.persuadeD.entertain4.A.naturallyB.confidentlyC.frequentlyD.carefully解析1.答案：A邏輯呼應(yīng)：后文“First…Next…Finally…”的建議均圍繞“準(zhǔn)備（preparation）”展開（了解觀眾、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、練習(xí)）；“practice（練習(xí)）”是準(zhǔn)備的一部分；“confidence（自信）”“knowledge（知識）”是結(jié)果，非“key”。2.答案：A語境推理：“tailoryourmessageto…them”（調(diào)整信息以…他們），結(jié)合“understandyouraudience”（了解觀眾），目的是“reach（傳達/觸達）”他們（讓信息被理解）；“inspire（激勵）”“persuade（說服）”“entertain（娛樂）”是演講的細(xì)分目標(biāo)，而“reach”是基礎(chǔ)目標(biāo)。3.答案：A4.答案：A邏輯+常識：“usegestures…（使用手勢）”的建議是“naturally（自然地）”——過于“confidently（自信地）”“frequently（頻繁地）”或“carefully（謹(jǐn)慎地）”都會顯得刻意；“自然”的手勢最符合演講的真實感。練習(xí)五：ALessonfromNature（記敘文·自然啟示）原文Duringahikeinthemountains,Inoticedasmalltreegrowingonarock.Itsrootsweretightly____1____(wrapped/held/covered/stuck)aroundtherock,strugglingtofindsoil.Iwonderedhowitsurvivedwithoutpropernutrients.Alocalguideexplainedthatthetree’sroots____2____(broke/weakened/cracked/strengthened)therockovertime,allowingsoiltoform.Weshoul