2022屆上海市南模中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期9月考試英語(yǔ)試題Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.InVenice,itisnotuncommontoseetouristscarrysuitcasesthroughwaist-highwater,orsitattablesinPiazzaSanMarco____1____theirswimsuits.PicturesofVeniceinthemostdramaticfloodingarereallyalarming.WeareusedtothinkingofVeniceasacityindanger,agloriousrelicofhumancreativitythatisabouttosinkanydaysuddenlytheendlooks____2____(close).However,asclimatechangemakesextremeweathermorefrequent,Venicelookslesslikeavictimoftheseaandmorelikeanoldsurvivor____3____canteachtherestoftheworldnowtolivewithwafer.Peoplebarelynotice____4____smartlythearttreasuresofVenicearekeptontheupperfloorsofpalacesandmuseums,evenonadrysummerday.Itisalsoneedlesstoworryaboutalltheartinchurches____5____noothercityhassuchasharpawarenessofprotectingitselffromwater.Intheirart,thepeopleofVeniceareashappyonwaterasonland.VittoreCarpaccio'spaintingHuntingontheLagoonshowsyoungVenetiansstandingeasilybalancedinlow-sidedboats____6____(shoot)arrowsatwaterbirds.InaGentileBellini'spainting,priestsswiminthecanalsearchingforalostrelic.Titianportraysashotwoman____7____(bathe)inopenwaterinhispainting.Huntingandfishing,swimmingandshowing.Venetiansalwaysknowhowtoenjoywater.Thepalaces____8____(build)inVenicearealsogoodexamplesofthepreventionofflood.____9____hasitslivingspacesonupperfloors,oftenwithacourtyardonthegroundfloorthat____10____(drain)waterinstantly.【答案】1.in2.closer3.that4.how5.because6.toshot7.bathing8.built9.each10.drains【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了繪畫(huà)中的威尼斯所反映出的關(guān)于威尼斯的文化?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：在威尼斯，游客提著手提箱穿過(guò)齊腰深的水面，或者穿著泳衣坐在圣馬可廣場(chǎng)的桌子旁，這些都很常見(jiàn)。in是介詞，后接表示衣服或顏色的詞在句中作定語(yǔ)，故答案為in?！?題詳解】考查形容詞比較級(jí)。句意：我們習(xí)慣于認(rèn)為威尼斯是一個(gè)處于危險(xiǎn)之中的城市，是人類(lèi)創(chuàng)造力的輝煌遺跡，隨時(shí)都可能沉沒(méi)——末日似乎近在眼前。根據(jù)上句“PicturesofVeniceinthemostdramaticfloodingarereallyalarming.”威尼斯遭遇最嚴(yán)重洪水的照片確實(shí)令人擔(dān)憂?？芍┤账坪踅谘矍?。故應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。答案為closer?！?題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：威尼斯看起來(lái)不太像海洋的受害者，更像是一個(gè)古老的幸存者，它可以教會(huì)世界上其他地方的人如何與水相處。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在句中作指人的主語(yǔ)，先行詞為survivor（幸存者），故答案為that?！?題詳解】考查副詞。句意：人們幾乎沒(méi)有注意到威尼斯的藝術(shù)珍品被巧妙地保存在宮殿和博物館的上層。設(shè)空處后為副詞smartly,結(jié)合句意，此處表示程度。故答案為how?！?題詳解】考查連詞。句意：也沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心教堂里的藝術(shù)品，因?yàn)闆](méi)有其他城市有如此強(qiáng)烈的保護(hù)自己不受水侵害的意識(shí)。設(shè)空處后“noothercityhassuchasharpawarenessofprotectingitselffromwater.”沒(méi)有其他城市有如此強(qiáng)烈的保護(hù)自己不受水侵害的意識(shí)。設(shè)空處前“Itisalsoneedlesstoworryaboutalltheartinchurches”也不必?fù)?dān)心教堂里的藝術(shù)。設(shè)空處后為設(shè)空出上句的原因。故答案為because?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：維托雷·卡帕西奧(VittoreCarpaccio)的畫(huà)作《瀉湖上的狩獵》(HuntingontheLagoon)描繪了年輕的威尼斯人輕松地站在低矮的小船上，保持平衡，向水鳥(niǎo)射箭。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，此處表示目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式的形式，故答案為toshot?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)。句意：提香在他的畫(huà)作中描繪了一個(gè)在開(kāi)闊水域中沐浴的女子。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，和邏輯主語(yǔ)woman之間是邏輯主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式。故答案為bathing?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在威尼斯建造的宮殿也是預(yù)防洪水的好例子。設(shè)空處在句中作非謂語(yǔ)，和其邏輯主語(yǔ)thepalaces之間是邏輯被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故答案為built。【9題詳解】考查不定代詞。句意：每座宮殿的上層都有自己的生活空間，通常在底層有一個(gè)能立即排水的庭院。設(shè)空處在句中作主語(yǔ)，根據(jù)謂語(yǔ)has可知主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)上句“ThepalacesbuiltinVenicearealsogoodexamplesofthepreventionofflood”建于威尼斯的宮殿也是預(yù)防洪水的好例子?？芍O(shè)空處指代theplaces且為單數(shù)的形式。故答案為each?！?0題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意見(jiàn)上題解析。設(shè)空處在從句中作謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合主句“hasitslivingspacesonupperfloors,oftenwithacourtyardonthegroundfloor”每座宮殿的上層都有自己的生活空間，通常在底層有一個(gè)能立即排水的庭院。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為has，可知從句時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為先行詞floor，根據(jù)主謂一致。故答案為drains。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.removableB.functionalC.restrictionsD.alterE.breakF.reportedlyG.overloadH.channelI.accessJ.prioritizeK.handlingTheTrunkster,abagwithbuilt-insmartfeaturesmightjustchallengethestandardrollerbag.Themainsecurityfeature:It'szipperless.Aslidingrolltop-doordesignallowsforeasy____11____bytheowner,butreducestheriskoftheftoraccidentalopeningduringbaggage____12____.Ifairportsecurityhastosearchthebag,thereaTSA-approvedcombinationlock.Needtojuiceupyourphone?A____13____batterycanchargeportabledevicesthroughaUSBconnection.Perhapsthecoolestpart-especiallyifyourholidayshoppinghabitsputyouatariskofgoingbeyondbaggageweight____14____---isabuilt-indigitalscale.Wanttoknowhowmuchstuffyou'repulling?Liftthebagandthedisplayonthehandleshowsweightinpoundsorkilograms.Trunksterco-founderJessePotashsaidheandhisco-founder,basedinNewYork,createdtheluggagein2014,afterfindingnothingtheybelievedcould____15____accessibility.Theywantedto“completely____16____“theclassiccase--withzippers--for“themodern,minimalist(極簡(jiǎn)的)traveler,”P(pán)otashsays.Headdsthattheydidn'twantto____17____theuserwith“asmanyfeaturesaspossible”becausethatwouldnotberequired.Onemorefeatureyoucanaddon?Tracking.Airlinesare____18____doingabetterjobthesedaysofnotlosingbags.Butforthosewhowanttotracktheircasestherearestand-alonegadgets(精巧的裝置)liketheTrakdotorPocket-FinderLuggageTracker.Foranextra$40,youcanaddasubscription-free,removableGPStotheTrunkster.Butsmartingupa____19____objectcomeswithaproblem.“Whenyouhavethismuchtechnologyinasuitcase...therearemorethingstochange,'saysGeorgeHobica,aworldtraveler.Besides,theTrunksterisallblack,andweallknowthatfindingablack-coloredbaginaseaofsuitcasesislikesearchingforabladeofgrassonafootballfield.Attention,luggagemanufacturerslookingto_____20_____thetypicalpattern:Gobolderwithunusualcolorsanddesigns.【答案】11.I12.K13.A14.C15.J16.D17.G18.F19.B20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一個(gè)新型的帶有內(nèi)置智能功能的行李箱?！?1題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一個(gè)滑動(dòng)滾門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)方便主人使用，但減少了行李處理過(guò)程中被盜或意外打開(kāi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，滑動(dòng)滾門(mén)對(duì)于主人是方便使用的。easyaccess“方便使用”符合題意。故選I項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞。句意：一個(gè)滑動(dòng)滾門(mén)設(shè)計(jì)方便主人使用，但減少了行李處理過(guò)程中被盜或意外打開(kāi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指行李在處理過(guò)程中的偶然的打開(kāi)。during是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)handle"處理“。故選K項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：可拆卸的電池可以通過(guò)USB連接給便攜式設(shè)備充電。修飾名詞用形容詞，給行李箱的電池充電，應(yīng)使用可移動(dòng)電池，removable“可移動(dòng)的”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：也許最酷的部分——特別是如果你的假日購(gòu)物習(xí)慣使你冒著超過(guò)行李重量限制的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——是一個(gè)內(nèi)置的數(shù)字秤。根據(jù)“holidayshoppinghabits”和“atriskofgoingbeyond”可推斷，因?yàn)橘?gòu)物導(dǎo)致超越重量限制，restriction“限制”符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：Trunkster的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人JessePotash說(shuō)，他和他的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人2014年在紐約創(chuàng)造了這個(gè)行李箱，因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)任何他們認(rèn)為可以?xún)?yōu)先考慮的東西。根據(jù)空后的Theywantedto“completelyalter”theclassiccase及空前的could可知，空處應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形prioritize，表達(dá)“給予…優(yōu)先權(quán)”之意。故選J項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他們希望“完全改變”傳統(tǒng)的情況——用拉鏈——為“現(xiàn)代的、極簡(jiǎn)主義的旅行者”，Potash說(shuō)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表示改變經(jīng)典的有拉鏈的行李箱。alter“變更；更改”符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，他們不想讓用戶負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重的“盡可能多的功能”，因?yàn)檫@是不必要的。根據(jù)because后的原因可推斷，overload“使負(fù)擔(dān)過(guò)重”符合題意。故選G項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，如今航空公司在不丟行李方面做得更好。根據(jù)空前的are可知，空處應(yīng)使用過(guò)去分詞reportedly，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表達(dá)“據(jù)報(bào)道”之意。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：但是，把一個(gè)實(shí)用的物體弄得漂漂亮亮還有一個(gè)問(wèn)題。functional“功能的；多用途的“，根據(jù)句意，修飾名詞用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：注意，行李箱制造商希望打破常規(guī)模式:大膽使用不同尋常的顏色和設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)句意，to是不定式符號(hào)，接動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)句意，break“打破”，符合題意。故選E項(xiàng)。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.CompanieslikeArjunaarebeginningtotakeactiontodealwithpayinequality,butitdoesn'ttellthefullstoryofwomen'sexperience.Microsoft'schiefexecutive,SatyaNadella,earnedbadfameforhis____21____thatwomenshouldnotbothertoaskforraises____22____,hesuggestedinOctober2014,theyshouldhavefaiththatthesystemwillrewardthemappropriately.Stoppingfromaskingforaraise,headded,isactuallygood.Whenhisremarksweregreetedwithanger,Nadellaback-pedalled(出爾反爾)atthespeedoflight.Lessthanayearlater,Microsoftwas____23____byaformeremployee,KatieMoussouris,nowchiefpolicyofficeratHackerOne,claiminggenderprejudice.Moussouris____24____thatshewasonlyoneofanumberofwomenatMicrosoftwho____25____lessthattheirmalecolleagues.Moussourisalsomentionedthatcanreceivedpreferentialtreatmentin____26____andsystematicallyreceivedmorefavorablejobreviews.ThereisnowaytoknowwhetherMoussouris'sclaimsare____27____,becauseMicrosoftdoesnotdiscloseanydataaboutthe____28____towhichmenandwomenarepaiddifferentlyfordoingsimilarjobs.Thatmaysoonchange,ifArjunaCapitalsucceedsinplacinga(n)____29____beforeMicrosoft'sshareholdersandconvincingenoughofthemtovoteinfavorofit,thusrequiringthecompanyto____30____disclosethatinformationforthefirsttimeandhelpingwomenmakeuptheirmindstorequirethe____31____ofthegenderpayinequality.Arjuna,theactivistarmofBaldwinBrothers,aninvestmentadvisoryfirm,is____32____toptechnologyfirms,insearchofpreciselythisinformation.ShareholdersofeBays,Expedia,FacebookandGooglewillvoteonproposalsthatwould____33____thecreationofreportsdetailingthepercentageofpay____34____betweenmaleandfemaleemployees,spellingoutbothfirms'policies,inanattempttoaddresshowthecompanieswouldsetaboutclosingor____35____thatgap,andspecifictargets.21.A.dishonesty B.advice C.declaration D.edition22.A.Initially B.Therefore C.Nevertheless D.Instead23.A.accused B.praised C.cheated D.threatened24.A.claimed B.lied C.required D.guaranteed25.A.spent B.earned C.saved D.wasted26.A.movements B.expenses C.promotions D.resources27.A.secure B.valuable C.extensive D.accurate28.A.content B.extent C.discussion D.feedback29.A.resolution B.emphasis C.challenge D.transform30.A.socially B.quietly C.personally D.publicly31.A.improvement B.enjoyment C.reduction D.emission32.A.referring B.pointing C.targeting D.proving33.A.putout B.resultin C.setup D.relyon34.A.equality B.dissatisfaction C.protest D.gap35.A.widening B.narrowing C.communicating D.showing【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.A25.B26.C27.D28.B29.A30.D31.C32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。Arjuna這樣的公司已經(jīng)開(kāi)始采取行動(dòng)來(lái)解決薪酬不平等問(wèn)題，但這并沒(méi)有完全說(shuō)明女性的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：微軟(Microsoft)首席執(zhí)行官薩蒂亞·納德拉(SatyaNadella)曾建議女性不應(yīng)該自找麻煩要求加薪，這讓他聲名狼藉。A.dishonesty不誠(chéng)實(shí)；B.advice建議；C.declaration公告、宣布；D.edition版本。根據(jù)后句“2,hesuggestedinOctober2014,theyshouldhavefaiththatthesystemwillrewardthemappropriately.”相反，他在2014年10月表示，她們應(yīng)該相信，體制會(huì)適當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)她們。根據(jù)后句中的suggested，可知上句也是薩蒂亞·納德拉(SatyaNadella)給女性的建議。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，他在2014年10月表示，她們應(yīng)該相信，體制會(huì)適當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)她們。A.Initially開(kāi)始；B.Therefore因此；C.Nevertheless然而、不過(guò)；D.Instead代替。根據(jù)上句“Microsoft'schiefexecutive,SatyaNadella,earnedbadfameforhis1thatwomenshouldnotbothertoaskforraises”微軟(Microsoft)首席執(zhí)行官薩蒂亞·納德拉(SatyaNadella)曾建議女性不應(yīng)該自找麻煩要求加薪，這讓他聲名狼藉?？芍粦?yīng)該自找麻煩要求加薪和體制會(huì)適當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們是相反的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：不到一年后，微軟的前雇員、現(xiàn)任HackerOne首席政策官的凱蒂·穆蘇里斯(KatieMoussouris)指控微軟存在性別歧視。A.accused指責(zé)；B.praised贊揚(yáng)；C.cheated作弊；D.threatened威脅。根據(jù)后句“…claiminggenderprejudice”聲稱(chēng)性別偏見(jiàn)。可知是指控公司。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：穆蘇里斯聲稱(chēng)，她只是微軟公司中收入低于男同事的女性之一。A.claimed聲稱(chēng)；B.lied說(shuō)謊；C.required要求；D.guaranteed保證。根據(jù)下文“ThereisnowaytoknowwhetherMoussouris'sclaimsare7”沒(méi)有辦法知道穆薩里斯的說(shuō)法是否屬實(shí)?？芍@是穆蘇里斯所聲稱(chēng)的。原詞重現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意見(jiàn)上題解析。A.spent花費(fèi)；B.earned掙得；C.saved拯救；D.wasted浪費(fèi)。根據(jù)后句“becauseMicrosoftdoesnotdiscloseanydataaboutthe8towhichmenandwomenarepaiddifferentlyfordoingsimilarjobs.”因?yàn)槲④洓](méi)有披露任何數(shù)據(jù)，表明從事類(lèi)似工作的男性和女性的薪酬差異有多大。由薪酬差異可知是公司女性的所掙的收入比男士少。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：穆蘇里斯還提到，可以在晉升中得到優(yōu)待，并系統(tǒng)地獲得更有利的工作評(píng)價(jià)。A.movements移動(dòng)；B.expenses花費(fèi)；C.promotions提升；D.resources資源。根據(jù)and后并列“…systematicallyreceivedmorefavorablejobreviews.”得到了更有利的工作評(píng)價(jià)?？芍枪ぷ髦械玫綍x升。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：沒(méi)有辦法知道穆薩里斯的說(shuō)法是否屬實(shí)。A.secure安全的；B.valuable有價(jià)值的；C.extensive延伸的；D.accurate精確的。根據(jù)后句“becauseMicrosoftdoesnotdiscloseanydataaboutthe8towhichmenandwomenarepaiddifferentlyfordoingsimilarjobs.”因?yàn)槲④洓](méi)有披露任何數(shù)據(jù)，表明從事類(lèi)似工作的男性和女性的薪酬差異有多大?？芍獰o(wú)法確定是不是屬實(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)槲④洓](méi)有披露任何數(shù)據(jù)，表明從事類(lèi)似工作的男性和女性的薪酬差異有多大。A.content內(nèi)容；B.extent程度；C.discussion討論；D.feedback反饋。根據(jù)后句“…towhichmenandwomenarepaiddifferentlyfordoingsimilarjobs.”從事相似工作的男性和女性的薪酬差異程度?？芍颂幨侵改行院团缘男匠瓴町惖某潭取９蔬xB項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：如果ArjunaCapital成功地向微軟股東提交了一份決議，并說(shuō)服足夠多的股東投票支持，這種情況可能很快就會(huì)改變。A.resolution決議；B.emphasis強(qiáng)調(diào)；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.transform改變。根據(jù)上句“Thatmaysoonchange”這種情況可能很快就會(huì)改變。可知是決定引起的改變。故選A項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此要求公司首次公開(kāi)披露這一信息，并幫助女性下定決心要求減少性別薪酬不平等。A.socially在社會(huì)上地；B.quietly安靜地；C.personally個(gè)人地；D.publicly公開(kāi)地。根據(jù)上句“becauseMicrosoftdoesnotdiscloseanydataaboutthe8towhichmenandwomenarepaiddifferentlyfordoingsimilarjobs.”因?yàn)槲④洓](méi)有披露任何數(shù)據(jù)，表明從事類(lèi)似工作的男性和女性的薪酬差異有多大?？芍?yàn)槲④洓](méi)有公開(kāi)披露任何數(shù)據(jù)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意見(jiàn)上題解析。A.improvement提升；B.enjoyment樂(lè)趣；C.reduction減少；D.emission排放。根據(jù)上句“becauseMicrosoftdoesnotdiscloseanydataaboutthe8towhichmenandwomenarepaiddifferentlyfordoingsimilarjobs.”因?yàn)槲④洓](méi)有披露任何數(shù)據(jù)，表明從事類(lèi)似工作的男性和女性的薪酬差異有多大?？芍韵露Q心要求減少性別薪酬不平等。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：投資咨詢(xún)公司鮑德溫兄弟(BaldwinBrothers)的激進(jìn)分支Arjuna正瞄準(zhǔn)頂級(jí)科技公司，尋找的正是這類(lèi)信息。ebay和Expedia的股東A.referring提及；B.pointing指向；C.targeting最為目標(biāo)；D.proving證明。根據(jù)后句“insearchofpreciselythisinformation.ShareholdersofeBays,Expedia”ebay和Expedia的股東正是為了尋找這一信息，可知投資咨詢(xún)公司的分支Arjuna正瞄準(zhǔn)頂級(jí)科技公司。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：Facebook和谷歌將對(duì)提案進(jìn)行投票，這將導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)建詳細(xì)說(shuō)明男女薪酬差距百分比的報(bào)告。A.putout指出；B.resultin導(dǎo)致；C.setup建立；D.relyon依靠。根據(jù)上句“FacebookandGooglewillvoteonproposals”Facebook和谷歌將對(duì)提案進(jìn)行投票，可知投票會(huì)產(chǎn)生相對(duì)應(yīng)的結(jié)果。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意見(jiàn)上題解析。A.equality品質(zhì)；B.dissatisfaction不滿；C.protest抗議；D.gap差距。根據(jù)后句“howthecompanieswouldsetaboutclosingor15thatgap,andspecifictargets.”公司將如何著手縮小差距，以及具體的目標(biāo)。原詞重現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：公司將如何著手縮小差距，以及具體的目標(biāo)。A.widening變寬；B.narrowing縮小；C.communicating交流；D.showing展示?？芍O(shè)空處和or前的closing含義相同。故選B項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearechoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatthefitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)AstheMOOCcrazecontinuestoexplode,anyoneinterestedintakinganonlinecoursefacesatrickyquestion:Whichcoursetotake?Herearefiveaspectsthatyoushouldconsiderbeforeyoustart.(1)Whatisyourlearningstyle?ManyMOOCsarevideo-based.Othercoursesusepresentationformats.Somealsorequireparticipationingroupwork.Ifyouwanttostaymotivatedduringyourcourse,thinkabouthowyouenjoylearning.Areyouavisuallearner,preferringtouseimagestounderstandatopic?Ifso,avideo-basedcoursewillworkwellforyou.Ifyouareaverballearnerwhogainsnewinformationbyspeakingandwriting,tryatext-basedcoursewithlotsofnote-taking.Sociallearners,meanwhile,willthriveinforumdiscussionsandproject-basedassessment.(2)Areyoureadytobecomeafull-timestudent?Berealisticaboutthetimethatyoucancommittoyouronlinestudies.Participatinginanonlinecoursecantakeasmuchtimeandcommitmentasaclass-basedprogram.Checkthecourserequirementsandmakeaplanaroundyourcurrentschedule.(3)Doesthecoursereallymeetyourneeds?Whetheryouareinterestedinaprofessionalqualificationorwanttotakeapersonaldevelopmentcourselikeyoga,thereisaMOOCforyou.It'seasytogetcaughtupintheexcitementoftakinglotsoffreecoursesineverythingthatyoueverwantedtolearn.Beforeyoustartacourse,thinkabouttheendgoal.Isthecourseaimedatbeginnersoradvancedlearners?Whydoyouneedthisqualification?(4)Doyouneedasupportgroup?Somepeoplelearnbestfromseeinghowothersapproachtheproblem.Ifyouaresuchaslearner,youwillneedtosupplementyouronlinelessonswithanin-personsupportgroup.(5)Whatkindofcertificationwillyouget?Taketimetofindoutwhatkindofcertificationisavailableuponcompletionofthecourse,andhowyoucanproveyourlearningtoothers-forexample,certificates,transcriptsordigitalbadges.36.WhatkindofMOOC'sdoestheauthorrecommendtoverballearners?A.Avideo-basedcourse. B.Atext-basedcourse.C.Aforum-baseddiscussion. D.Aproject-basedassessment.37.Whatkindoflearnersneedanin-personsupportgroup?A.Learnerswhopreferindividualwork.B.Learnerswhoareingreatneedofacertificate.C.Learnerswhoaretoobusytobecomeafull-timestudent.D.Learnerswholearnbestfromobservinghowothersaddresstheproblem.38.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.PickingtherightMOOC'sforyou. B.Decidingyourlearningstyle.C.Takingtherightcourseyouneed. D.Choosingasuitablesupportgroup.【答案】36.B37.D38.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是選在線開(kāi)放課程之前應(yīng)該考慮的五個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)(1)Whatisyourlearningstyle?部分的“Ifyouareaverballearnerwhogainsnewinformationbyspeakingandwriting,tryatext-basedcoursewithlotsofnote-taking（如果你是一個(gè)通過(guò)說(shuō)和寫(xiě)來(lái)獲取新信息的口語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者，那么嘗試一個(gè)有大量筆記的以文本為基礎(chǔ)的課程）”可知，作者推薦一種基于文本的課程給口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者，故選B?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)(4)Doyouneedasupportgroup?部分的“Somepeoplelearnbestfromseeinghowothersapproachtheproblem.Ifyouaresuchaslearner,youwillneedtosupplementyouronlinelessonswithanin-personsupportgroup（有些人從別人處理問(wèn)題的方式中學(xué)到最好的東西。如果你是這樣的學(xué)習(xí)者，你將需要與一個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)支持小組補(bǔ)充你的在線課程）”可知，通過(guò)觀察他人如何解決問(wèn)題來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)效果最好的學(xué)習(xí)者需要一個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)支持小組，故選D。【38題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“AstheMOOCcrazecontinuestoexplode,anyoneinterestedintakinganonlinecoursefacesatrickyquestion:Whichcoursetotake?Herearefiveaspectsthatyoushouldconsiderbeforeyoustart.（隨著大規(guī)模在線開(kāi)放課程(MOOC)熱潮的持續(xù)爆發(fā)，任何對(duì)在線課程感興趣的人都面臨著一個(gè)棘手的問(wèn)題:選哪門(mén)課程?以下是你在開(kāi)始之前應(yīng)該考慮的五個(gè)方面）”可知，本文主要是關(guān)于選擇適合你的MOOC，故選A。（B）IoncehadmyChineseMBAstudentsbrainstormingon“two-hourbusinessplans.”Iseparatedthemintosixgroupsandgavethemanexample:arestaurantchain.Themoreoriginaltheirideas,thebetter,Isaid.Finally,fiveofthesixgroupspresentedplansforrestaurantchains.Thesixthproposedacateringservice.ThoughIadmittedthetimelimithadbeendifficult,Iexpressedmydisappointment.Mystudentsweremiddlemanagers,financialanalystsandfinanciersfromstate-ownedenterprisesandglobalcompanies.Theywerewithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.ThesceneIjustdescribedcameindifferentformsduringmytwoyearsteachingattheschool.PaperswereoftencopiedfromtheWebandtheHarvardBusinessReview.Casestudydebateswerewrittenupandjustmemorized.Studentsfrequentlysaidthatcopyingisasuperiorbusinessstrategy,betterthaninventingandcreating.InChina,everyproductyoucanimaginehasbeenmadeandsold.Butsofewwell-developedmarketingandmanagementmindshavebeenraisedthatitwillbealongtimebeforemostpeopleintheworldcannameaChinesebrand.Withthisprobleminmind,partnershipswithinstitutionslikeYaleandMIThavebeenestablished.Andthenthere'sthe“thousandtalentscheme.”thisnewgovernmentprogramisintendedtoimprovetechnologicalmodernizationbyattractingtopforeign-trainedscientiststothemainlandwithbigmoney.ButthereareworriesaboutChina'sresearchenvironment.It'shardlyknownforproducingindependentthinkingandopenness,andevenbigsalaryoffersmaynotbeattractiveenoughtoovercomethis.Atlast,forChina,becomingamajorworldcreatorisnotjustaboutsettinguppartnershipwithtopwesternuniversities.Norisitaboutgatheringagroupofwell-educatedpeopleandtellingthemtothinkcreatively.It'saboutestablishingarichlearningenvironmentforyoungminds.It'snotthatsimple.39.Whydoesthewriterfeeldisappointedathisstudents?A.Becausethereisonegrouppresentingacateringservice.B.Becausethesixgroupsdidnotcooperatewellinthebrainstorm.C.Becauseallthestudentscopiedacaseforthedifficulttopic.D.Becausethestudents'ideaswerelackingincreativeness.40.WhichofthefollowingscenesisNOTconsideredaslackofcreation?A.PaperswereoftendownloadedfromtheInternet.B.Studentsoftensaidthatcopyingisapreferablebusinessstrategy.C.Studentscombineknowledgeandcriticalthoughtstosolveaproblem.D.Casestudydebateswerewrittenupaswellasrecited.41.Wecaninferformthepassagethat________.A.Chinacanmakeandsellanyproductallovertheworldfromitsowncreation.B.highpaymaynotsolvetheproblemofChina'sresearchenvironment.C.cooperationwithinstitutionshasbeensetuptomakeaChinesebrand.D.thenewgovernmentprogramisaimedatencouragingimagination.42Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?ALookforanewwayoflearning B.RewardcreativethinkingC.Howtobecomeacreator D.Establishatechnicalenvironment【答案】39.D40.C41.B42.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)自己在一線教育工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)看出中國(guó)的教育制度存在的一些問(wèn)題，學(xué)生不能獨(dú)立思考問(wèn)題做作業(yè)去網(wǎng)上或者其他的地方找答案，學(xué)生缺乏創(chuàng)造性，作者指出有了豐富的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境，及新的學(xué)習(xí)方法，才能有創(chuàng)造性的研究氛圍。【39題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theywerewithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.(他們沒(méi)有天賦，也沒(méi)有觀點(diǎn)，但他們受到了一個(gè)很少?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)或獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)批判性思維或創(chuàng)造性的教育體系的影響)”可知，學(xué)生的觀點(diǎn)缺乏創(chuàng)造力，對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)作者感到失望，故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theywerewithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.(他們沒(méi)有天賦，也沒(méi)有觀點(diǎn)，但他們受到了一個(gè)很少?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)或獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)批判性思維或創(chuàng)造性的教育體系的影響)”可推知，C選項(xiàng)“學(xué)生結(jié)合知識(shí)和批判性思維來(lái)解決問(wèn)題”并非缺乏創(chuàng)意。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“ButthereareworriesaboutChina'sresearchenvironment.It'shardlyknownforproducingindependentthinkingandopenness,andevenbigsalaryoffersmaynotbeattractiveenoughtoovercomethis.(但也有人擔(dān)心中國(guó)的研究環(huán)境。它很難培養(yǎng)獨(dú)立思考和開(kāi)放的思想，即使高薪也不足以吸引你克服這一點(diǎn))”可推知，高薪可能無(wú)法解決中國(guó)科研環(huán)境的問(wèn)題。故選B?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Atlast,forChina,becomingamajorworldcreatorisnotjustaboutsettinguppartnershipwithtopwesternuniversities.Norisitaboutgatheringagroupofwell-educatedpeopleandtellingthemtothinkcreatively.It'saboutestablishingarichlearningenvironmentforyoungminds.It'snotthatsimple.(最后，對(duì)中國(guó)來(lái)說(shuō)，成為世界主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造者不僅僅是與西方頂尖大學(xué)建立伙伴關(guān)系。也不是召集一群受過(guò)良好教育的人，告訴他們要有創(chuàng)造性地思考。這是關(guān)于為年輕人建立一個(gè)豐富的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。事情沒(méi)那么簡(jiǎn)單)”結(jié)合整篇文章指出中國(guó)教育出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題——學(xué)生無(wú)法創(chuàng)造性思維，而這個(gè)問(wèn)題與中國(guó)的社會(huì)環(huán)境相關(guān)的，所以要尋找新的學(xué)習(xí)方式。故A選項(xiàng)“尋找新的學(xué)習(xí)方法”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。(C)Sunnycountriesareoftenpoor.Ashame,then,thatsolarpowerisstillquiteexpensive.Eight19,aBritishcompanybyCambridgeUniversity,has,however,inventedanovelwaytogetroundthis.Inreturnforadepositofaround￡10itissupplyingpoorKenyanfamilieswithasolarcellabletogenerate2.5wattsofelectricity,abatterythatcandeliverathreeamp(安培)currenttostorethiselectricity,andalampwhosebulbisalight-emittingdiode(Thetrickisthat,tobeabletousetheelectricity,thesystem’skeepermustbuyascratchcard—foraslittleasadollar—onwhichisprintedareferencenumber.Thekeepersendsthisreference,plustheserialnumberofthehouseholdsolarunit,bySMStoEight19.Thecompany’sserverwillrespondautomaticallywithanaccesscodetotheunit.Usersmayconsiderthattheyarepayinganhourlyratefortheirelectricity.Infact,theyarepayingoffthecostoftheunit.Afterbuyingaround￡80worthofscratchcards—whichEight19expectswouldtaketheaveragefamilyaround18months—theuserwillownit.Hewillthenhavetheoptionofcontinuingtouseitfornothing,oroftradingitinforabiggerone,perhapsdrivenbya10-wattsolarcell.Inthatcase,hewouldgothenthroughthesameprocessagain,payingofftheadditionalcostoftheupgradedkitataslightlyhigherrate.Userswouldthereforeincreasetheirelectricitysupplysteadilyandaffordably.AccordingtoEight19’sfigures,thislookslikeagooddealforcustomers.Thefirmbelievestheaverageenergy-starvedKenyanspendsaround￡10amonthonoil—enoughtofuelacoupleofsmokylamps—plus￡2oncharginghismobilephoneinthemarket-place.RegularusersofoneofEight19’sbasicsolarunitswillspendaroundhalfthat,beforeowningitcompletely.Meanwhile,asthecostofsolartechnologyfalls,itshouldgetevencheaper.43.Theunderlinedword“getround”inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby“______”.A.makeuseof B.comeupwithC.lookinto D.dealwith44.Whatshouldtheuserdowhentheelectricityinthebatteryisusedup?A.Buyascratchcard.B.Rechargeitoutside.C.Buyanothersolarcell.D.Returnittothecompany.45.Howmuchwoulduserspayforthecellandscratchcardsbeforetheyowna2.5-wattsolarcell?A.Around￡10. B.Around￡80.C.Around￡90. D.Around￡180.46.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat.A.KenyanfamilieswouldfinditdifficulttoaffordthesolarcellB.usingthesolarcellwouldhelpKenyanfamiliessavemoneyC.fewKenyanfamiliesusemobilephonesforlackofelectricityD.thecompanywillmakeagreatprofitfromsellingsolarcells【答案】43.D44.B45.C46.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹的是英國(guó)的一家公司對(duì)太陽(yáng)能的一種新的運(yùn)作的方法?！?3題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中的Sunnycountriesareoftenpoor.Ashame,then,thatsolarpowerisstillquiteexpensive.Eight19,aBritishcompanybyCambridgeUniversity,has,however,inventedanovelwaytogetroundthis.可知，陽(yáng)光充足的國(guó)家往往很貧窮。遺憾的是，太陽(yáng)能仍然非常昂貴。不過(guò)，劍橋大學(xué)旗下的英國(guó)公司Eight19發(fā)明了一種新奇的方法來(lái)getround這個(gè)問(wèn)題。由此推知，英國(guó)的這家公司找到一個(gè)方法來(lái)處理這一問(wèn)題。由此可知，getround意為“處理，解決”。故選D?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Thefirmthinksthatthissystem,oncethebatteryisfullycharged,isenoughtolighttwosmallroomsandtopoweramobile-phonechargerforsevenhours.Then,nextday,itcanbeputoutsideandchargedbackupagain.可知，該公司認(rèn)為，一旦電池充滿電，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)足夠點(diǎn)亮兩個(gè)小房間，并為手機(jī)充電器供電7個(gè)小時(shí)。然后，第二天，它可以放在外面，再次充電。由此可知，當(dāng)電池里的電用完的時(shí)候，用戶可以在外面充電。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)一段中的Inreturnforadepositofaround￡10itissupplyingpoorKenyanfamilieswithasolarcellabletogenerate2.5wattsofelectricity,(作為大約10英鎊押金的回報(bào)，該公司為貧窮的肯尼亞家庭提供了一種太陽(yáng)能電池，這種電池可以產(chǎn)生2.5瓦的電力)和第三段中的Afterbuyingaround￡80worthofscratchcards—whichEight19expectswouldtaketheaveragefamilyaround18months—theuserwillownit.(在購(gòu)買(mǎi)了價(jià)值約80英鎊的刮刮卡之后——Eight19預(yù)計(jì)將占用平均每個(gè)家庭大約18個(gè)月的時(shí)間——用戶將擁有它)可知，用戶在擁有2.5瓦的太陽(yáng)能電池之前，需要支付電池費(fèi)用和刮刮卡的費(fèi)用約為￡80+￡10=￡90。故選C?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中AccordingtoEight19’sfigures,thislookslikeagooddealforcustomers.Thefirmbelievestheaverageenergy-starvedKenyanspendsaround￡10amonthonoil—enoughtofuelacoupleofsmokylamps—plus￡2oncharginghismobilephoneinthemarket-place.RegularusersofoneofEight19’sbasicsolarunitswillspendaroundhalfthat,beforeowningitcompletely.Meanwhile,asthecostofsolartechnologyfalls,itshouldgetevencheaper.可知，根據(jù)Eight19的數(shù)據(jù)，這對(duì)客戶來(lái)說(shuō)似乎是一筆不錯(cuò)的交易。該公司認(rèn)為，每個(gè)月平均缺乏能源的肯尼亞人每月花10英鎊買(mǎi)油——這足以為幾盞冒煙的燈