高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1黑龍江省哈爾濱市某學(xué)校2025-2026學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期9月月考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhenitcomestohiking,Greecehassomethingforeverykindofwalker.Themainlandboasts(擁有)well-maintainedroutes,whileonthecountry’sislandsyou’llfindancientpathsdatingbacktoByzantinetimesconnectingsleepyvillageswithbeautifulsandycoves(小海灣).Here’sourpickofGreece’sbesthikes.SamariaGorge(峽谷),Crete16kilometers(10miles),4hoursHikingthe16-kilometerSamariaGorgeisconsideredoneofCrete’smust-doexperiences,whichiswhyyou’llrarelybewithoutcompany.Nevertheless,there’sanundeniablerawbeautytoSamaria,wherevertical(垂直的)wallssoarupto500metersandarejust3.5metersapartatthenarrowestpoint(150metersatthebroadest).Thehikebeginsat1,230metersatXyloskalojustsouthofOmalosandendsinthecoastalvillageofAgiaRoumeli.It’sespeciallyscenicinAprilandMay,whenwildflowersbrightentheroute.MtOhisummithike,Evia8kilometers(5miles),3to4hoursThesummitofMtOhi(ProfitisIlias;1,398m),lesser-visitedEvia’sthird-highestpeak,iscrownedbymysteriousancientdragonhouses:7thcenturyBCarchitecture,madefromrocksweighingseveraltons.FromMyli,it’san8-kilometerhiketothesummit(threetofourhours).It’spossibletostayovernightatthe1,000-meter-highrefugethenhikeupMtOhitocatchthesunrise(30minutes),whichmakesforamagicalexperience.ContactSouthEviaToursorEviaAdventureToursfordetails.DelphitoKirraWalk,CentralGreece14kilometers(9miles),3to4hoursThis14-kilometerdownhillhikefollowsacenturies-oldpathwayfromhistoricDelphitotheancientportofKirra,justeastofmodernIteaonthesoutherncoastofmainlandGreece.ThehikestartsfromtheE4long-distancestartingpoint100meterseastoftheHotelAcropole.SkirtingthevillageofCrissa,itgoestothegulf(海灣)throughGreece’slargestolivegarden.Afteryourthree-to-four-hourhike,andlunchoraswim,youcanreturntoDelphibybus(around2euros).HiketotheTombofKleobolus,Rhodes5kilometers(3miles),2hoursAneasy,enjoyable5-kilometer(two-hour)round-triphikeescapesLindostoreachtheso-calledTombofKleobolus.StartingalongsideCarPark1abovethemainbeach,therouteendsatarockyhilltoppedbyacirculartombactuallybuiltduringthe2ndcenturyBC,longafterKleobolusruledRhodes.1.WhatistherawbeautyofSamaria?A.Highandnarrowgorges. B.Magicalsunset.C.Wildflowersthroughouttheyear. D.Mysteriouslargerocks.2.WhatwillvisitorsseeduringtheMtOhisummithike,Evia?A.Ancientbuildings. B.Evia’shighestpeak.C.Acirculartomb. D.Greece’slargestolivegarden.3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheDelphitoKirraWalk?A.ItletsvisitorsexperiencethemodernworldofGreece.B.VisitorsarerecommendedtogetbacktoDelphibyship.C.Therouteconnectstwoplaceswithalonghistory.D.Itisachallengingroutethrougharockyhill.BInMarch,2021,themuch-lovedchildren’sauthorBeverlyClearypassedawayatage104.Cleary’swritingchangedtheworldofchildren’sbooksbyshowingthatstoriesaboutthelivesofordinarykidscouldbeinteresting,funny,andpopular.Clearywasbornin1916.Asachild,shehadtroublelearningtoread.Evenaftershelearnedtolovereading,shefeltlikethepeopleshewasreadingaboutdidn’thavemuchtodowithherandherlife,whichwereunattractivetoher.Shewantedtoreadfunnybooksaboutchildrenlikeherself.Whenshegrewup,Clearyrealizedthereweren’tmanybooksaboutordinarykids.Soshesetouttowritethematage30andtriedtogetkidshookedonreadingsinceshefoundtheydidn’tshowmuchinterestinbooks.Cleary’sfirstbook,HenryHuggins,cameoutin1950.Ittellsthestoryofaboyandthedogthathetakesin.SoonClearywrotemorebooksaboutHenryHugginsandtheotherchildreninhisneighborhood.RamonaQuimby,alsoknownasRamonathePest,becameCleary’sbestknownbook.TheMouseandtheMotorcycletellstheexcitingstoryofamotorcycle-ridingmouseandhisfriendshipwithayoungboy.ButthatsortoffantasywasunusualforCleary,whousuallyfocusedonreallife.Inseveralbooks,theparentshavemoneytroubleorareunhappywiththeirjobs.DearMr.Henshawtellsthestoryofaboydealingwithhisparents’breaking-off.Clearyhadkeptwritingfor53years,creatingover40booksinall.Shewonalmosteveryawardtherewasforchildren’sbooks,includingtheNewberyMedalandtheNationalBookAward.ThoughClearyisnolongerwithus,hercharactersandstorieswillbelovedandsharedforyearstocome.4.HowdidClearyfindthebooksshereadasakid?A.Difficult. B.Expensive. C.Frightening. D.Boring.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hookedon”inParagraph3mean?A.Todreamof. B.Tolearnfrom. C.Todeeplyenjoy. D.Toeasilyprovide.6.Whichofthefollowingisafantasy?A.DearMr.Henshaw. B.TheMouseandtheMotorcycle.C.HenryHuggins. D.RamonathePest.7.HowoldwasClearywhenshestoppedwriting?A.About53. B.About63. C.About73. D.About83.CTheconditionsforsomeofextremefiresinrecentyearshavebecomebetween3and20timesglobally.Record-breakingfiresburnedinCanadaandturnedskiesfarawayinNewYorkorangeandgrey.ThelargestrecordedfiresintheEuropeanUnionkilled19peopleinGreece,andfiresinwesternAmazoniabroughtdirtyairtolocaltowns.AndwejustwentthroughasuperdestructivewildfireseasoninAthens,Greece,inAugust2024.Amajorreportshowsthattheamountofcarbonemissions(碳排放)fromwildfiresbetween2023and2024was8.2billiontonsofCO2.Forestwildfireswouldreleasemorecarbonemissions,poseahigherrisktopeople,andtakelongertorecover.Thereisnosingledefinitionofwhatfirecanbeanextremefire.Itcouldbemeasuredbyburnedarea,intensity,orhowunusualtheyare.“At200squarekilometres,thisyear’sfiresinGreecearemuchsmallerthanthe900squarekilometresburnedlastfireseason,butitwouldcountasanextremefire,becauseofitsclosenesstoandpotentialdamagetopeople,”saidauthorDrJoeMcNorton.WhenthisbigwildfiretearsthroughAthens,scientistsinEuropeareracingtounderstandwhyextremefireslikethisarebecomingmorecommon.Theyfindclimatechangeisthekeyfactor.Warmertemperaturesdryoutforests,whichmakeafiremorelikelytospread.Itcanalsocausemoreplantstogrow,whichprovidesmorefuel(燃料)forthefire.Humansalsoinfluencefires,likestartingthemthemselves,breakingupthelandscape,orhowwelltheyfightthem.DrJoesaysthereportwillbothguidepreparationsforwildfires,andhelptheworldunderstandthesimplefactthatfireswillkeepgettingworseuntilfossilfuelsarereplacedwithrenewableenergysources.Totackletheproblem,leadersshouldconsiderprotectingforestboundaries,reducingtheamountofnaturalfuelfire,imposingfirebansonhigh-riskdays,andinvestingmoreinearlywarningpredictionsystems.8.Howisparagraph1developed?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bydiscussingsolutions. D.Byexplainingcauses.9.WhywasthefireinGreececonsideredasanextremefire?A.Itburnedaverylargearea. B.Itbroughtharmfuleffects.C.Ithadmuchcarbonemissions. D.Itlastedalongperiodoftime.10.Whatmainlycausesextremefires?A.Sizeofforests. B.Humanbehavior. C.Locationoffires. D.Climatewarming.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tackle”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Applyfor. B.Bringabout. C.Dealwith. D.Focuson.DSpanishscientistPilarBoschhasfoundawaytousebacteria(細(xì)菌)torepair18th-centurypaintings.Bosch,amicrobiologist,saidthatshegottheideaforthemethodwhileconsideringpossibilitiesforapapertowardherdoctoraldegree.Duringthisprocess,shediscoveredsomeoneelse’spaperthatsuggestedbacteriacanbeusedtorepairartworks.Ataroundthesametime,Boschlearnedthathermother,PilarRoig,wasstrugglingtofindagoodmethodforrepairing18th-centurypaintings.Thepaintings,bySpanishartistAntonioPalomino,satinSantosJuanes—oneoftheoldestchurchesinthecityofValencia.PilarRoignotedhowdifficulttherepairprocessatthechurchwas.Onereasonwastheglue(膠水)usedtoremovethepaintingsfromthewallsinthe1960s.Thegluewasnearlyimpossibletoremovecompletely.“MymotherhadaverydifficultproblemtosolveandIfoundapaperaboutbacteriausedtocleanpaintingsonwallsinItaly,”Boschsaid.Boschaddedshedecidedtowriteherdoctoralpaperonthesamesubject.Today,shegetstoworkwithhermotheronthechurchrepair.Theyareusingthebacteriamethodtoremovegluefromartworks.The$4.46millionprojectisbeingfinancedbylocalorganizations.Torepair,theyfeedsmallamountsofthegluethatwasmadefromanimalcollagen(膠原蛋白)tothebacteria.Afteratime,thebacteriabegintonaturallyproduceenzymes(酶)tobreakdowntheglue.Themother-daughterteamthenmixesthebacteriawithanaturalalgae-basedsubstance,calledagel(凝膠),andplacesitontothepaintings.Afteraboutthreehours,thegelmixtureisremoved,leavingthepaintingsglue-free.Bosch’smother,now75,notedthatinthepast,peopleworkingonrepairingartworkshadtousetraditionalcleaningmethodsthattookhoursanddamagedthepainting.Boschisnowtrainingotherscientiststouseadifferentkindofbacteriatoclearwallsofpaintedgraffiti.12.HowdidBoschfindthewaytorepairoldpaintings?A.Hermotherinspiredher. B.Herdoctorinstructedher.C.Shetesteditoutbymanyexperiments. D.Shefounditwhenpreparingherpaper.13.Whatmadeitdifficulttorepairtheoldpaintings?A.Nothavingenoughmoney. B.Thehistoryofthechurches.C.Thegluethatwasonceused. D.Experienceofpastfailures.14.Whatisparagraph4centeredon?A.Theprocessofcleaningthepaintings.B.Thenecessityofrepa?ringthepaintings.C.Thechallengesfacingthemother-daughterteam.D.Thematerialsthatareusedtocleanthepaintings.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BacteriaRemovalProcessIsWidelyUsedinSpain.B.SpanishScientistUsesBacteriatoRepairArtworks.C.OldArtworksAreLikelytoBeRepairedwithBacteria.D.SpanishMother-DaughterTeamDiscoveredAPainting.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Runningmistakescanhappentoeveryoneatsomepointduringtrainingandracing,andtheywillleadtoinjuries.___16___.WearingthewrongshoesWearingacomfortablepairofrunningshoesisagood,startingpoint.Thewrongtypeofrunningshoescanruinyourworkoutplan.Ifyouhaveahistoryofrunninginjuries,thereisnoeasyanswerwithoutatrainedprofessionalwatchingthewayyourunandmakingarecommendationtoyou.___17___.Doingtoomuch,toosoon___18___.Theygetsoexcitedabouttheirrunningthattheydotoomuchmileage(英里里程)andtoofast,toosoon,withouttakinganytimeofftorestandrecover.Asaresult,theydevelopcommonoveruserunninginjuries.Runlessoften,forshortertimes,andataslowerpacethanyouthinkyoushould,especiallyearlyoninyourdevelopment.Takingoverlylongstrides(大步)Somerunnersthinkthatalongerstridewillimprovetheirspeedorrunningefficiency,butthat’snotthecase.Overstridingwastesenergysinceitmeansyou’rebreakingwitheachfootfall.Makesurethatyoudon’tlungeforwardwithyourfeetandyourfeetaredirectlyunderneathyourbodywitheverystep.___19___.Ashort,lowarmswingisthekeytokeepingyourstrideshortandclosetotheground.___20___Somerunnersswingtheirarmsside-to-side,whichmakesthemmorelikelytonotbreatheasefficiently.Somebeginnersareeasytoholdtheirhandswayupbytheirchest,especiallyastheygettired.You’llactuallyfeelmoretiredinyourshouldersandneckbyholdingyourarmsthatway.Trytokeepyourhandsatwaistlevel,rightaboutwheretheymightlightlybrushyourhip.A.LandinglikearockB.HavingbadupperbodyformC.ThisisespeciallyimportantwhenrunningdownhillD.YoucanchoosetherightshoesinadvancetostartthatraceE.Therefore,it’simportanttoknowwhattheyareandhowyoucanfixthemF.Ifpossible,thebestchoiceistocreateuniqueshoesjustsuitableforyourfeetG.Manynewrunnersmistakenlythinkthatmoreisbetterwhenitcomestorunning第三部分：英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分25分）第一節(jié)：完型填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C和D中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIwas17,myrowingcoachdeclaredthattakingadayoffaweekwasunnecessary.Suchstrictstressfulroutinemademe___21___exercise,andwhenIeventuallyquitrowing,Ialso___22___exercisingaltogether.However,aftermovingtoanewarea—beinganauthorandworkingathome,I___23___tobepartofateamagainbutwas___24___toreturntorowing.Oneday,aneighbor___25___metofillinforhisbasketballteambecauseofhisleginjury.Playingbasketballbroughtbackthe___26___ofbeingpartofateam.Unlikerowing,playingbasketballwaspurelyforfunforme,withoutthehigh___27___forexpensiveequipment.MyteammatesandIdon’tknowmuchabouteachother’spersonallives,butwesharea(n)___28___throughourpassionforthegameandourdesiretowin,aconnectionthatmakesusstruggleforexcellencetogether.Theseweeklygameshave___29___improvedmylife.Beinganauthorcanbeisolated(孤獨(dú)的),andsocialmediaoftenalso____30____mypressure.IclearlyrememberwhenIreceivedanemailto____31____thebookIhadspentayearworkingon,Icriedsadly.Atthatevening,Iwenttoplaybasketball.Istartedthegameina____32____mood,butasitprogressed,myemotionalstate____33____.Bytheend,Ifeltgreat.Playingbasketballoffersamuch-neededbreakfromthese____34____.Itallowsmetofocusmerelyonthegame,temporarily(暫時(shí)地)____35____somethingelse.Thoughasmallchange—lessthananhouraweek—ithasgreatlyimprovedmyoverallwell-being.21.A.hate B.obey C.lack D.watch22.A.obtained B.stopped C.accessed D.recommended23.A.longed B.pretended C.hesitated D.refused24.A.unwilling B.proud C.pleased D.curious25.A.reminded B.forced C.taught D.requested26.A.defeat B.challenge C.complaint D.joy27.A.risks B.points C.costs D.degrees28.A.ceremony B.tie C.adventure D.excitement29.A.significantly B.casually C.hardly D.only30.A.refersto B.appealsto C.addsto D.adaptsto31.A.publish B.rewrite C.illustrate D.buy32.A.cheerful B.relaxed C.positive D.terrible33.A.improved B.worsened C.floated D.fixed34.A.warnings B.amusements C.commitments D.stresses35.A.predicting B.listing C.forgetting D.losing第二節(jié)：語(yǔ)篇填空（共10小題，每小題1分；滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheGrandMilitaryParade(大閱兵)Thegrandmilitaryparade___36___(occur)inBeijing.Countlesscitizensgatheredtowitnessthishistoricmoment.Onthebasisofcelebratingthe80thanniversaryofvictory,theparadeaimedtohonorheroesandpromotepeace.Theeventwashighlysuccessfulinattracting___37___(globe)attention,withmanyforeignleaders___38___(invite),seatswerereservedforveterans(老兵),___39___contributionswerewidelyrecognized.Theworldseemedtoagree___40___(acknowledge)China’seffortsinmaintainingpeace.Everymovementofthesoldierswasexecuted(完成)___41___(proper),___42___(demonstrate)strictdisciplineandstrength.Manycredit___43___successoftheparadetoprecisecoordinationandstrongspiritofthepeople.___44___animportantsymbolofnationalstrength,theparadereceivedinternational___45___(recognize).Itwasnotonlyashowofmilitarypowerbutalsoareminderoftheimportanceofpeaceanddevelopment.第四部分：寫作（滿分15分）46.假定你是李華，你在小紅書（LittleRedNote）上看到了一位美國(guó)高中生James今年暑假要來(lái)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)兩個(gè)月。他以前選修過(guò)中文，所以想找一位中國(guó)學(xué)生幫他提升中文水平。請(qǐng)你給他寫一封郵件推薦自己，內(nèi)容包括：1.寫信目的；2.你的優(yōu)勢(shì)；3.希望安排面試。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右2.可以適當(dāng)增添細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；DearJames,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua黑龍江省哈爾濱市某學(xué)校2025-2026學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期9月月考英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)：（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhenitcomestohiking,Greecehassomethingforeverykindofwalker.Themainlandboasts(擁有)well-maintainedroutes,whileonthecountry’sislandsyou’llfindancientpathsdatingbacktoByzantinetimesconnectingsleepyvillageswithbeautifulsandycoves(小海灣).Here’sourpickofGreece’sbesthikes.SamariaGorge(峽谷),Crete16kilometers(10miles),4hoursHikingthe16-kilometerSamariaGorgeisconsideredoneofCrete’smust-doexperiences,whichiswhyyou’llrarelybewithoutcompany.Nevertheless,there’sanundeniablerawbeautytoSamaria,wherevertical(垂直的)wallssoarupto500metersandarejust3.5metersapartatthenarrowestpoint(150metersatthebroadest).Thehikebeginsat1,230metersatXyloskalojustsouthofOmalosandendsinthecoastalvillageofAgiaRoumeli.It’sespeciallyscenicinAprilandMay,whenwildflowersbrightentheroute.MtOhisummithike,Evia8kilometers(5miles),3to4hoursThesummitofMtOhi(ProfitisIlias;1,398m),lesser-visitedEvia’sthird-highestpeak,iscrownedbymysteriousancientdragonhouses:7thcenturyBCarchitecture,madefromrocksweighingseveraltons.FromMyli,it’san8-kilometerhiketothesummit(threetofourhours).It’spossibletostayovernightatthe1,000-meter-highrefugethenhikeupMtOhitocatchthesunrise(30minutes),whichmakesforamagicalexperience.ContactSouthEviaToursorEviaAdventureToursfordetails.DelphitoKirraWalk,CentralGreece14kilometers(9miles),3to4hoursThis14-kilometerdownhillhikefollowsacenturies-oldpathwayfromhistoricDelphitotheancientportofKirra,justeastofmodernIteaonthesoutherncoastofmainlandGreece.ThehikestartsfromtheE4long-distancestartingpoint100meterseastoftheHotelAcropole.SkirtingthevillageofCrissa,itgoestothegulf(海灣)throughGreece’slargestolivegarden.Afteryourthree-to-four-hourhike,andlunchoraswim,youcanreturntoDelphibybus(around2euros).HiketotheTombofKleobolus,Rhodes5kilometers(3miles),2hoursAneasy,enjoyable5-kilometer(two-hour)round-triphikeescapesLindostoreachtheso-calledTombofKleobolus.StartingalongsideCarPark1abovethemainbeach,therouteendsatarockyhilltoppedbyacirculartombactuallybuiltduringthe2ndcenturyBC,longafterKleobolusruledRhodes.1.WhatistherawbeautyofSamaria?A.Highandnarrowgorges. B.Magicalsunset.C.Wildflowersthroughouttheyear. D.Mysteriouslargerocks.2.WhatwillvisitorsseeduringtheMtOhisummithike,Evia?A.Ancientbuildings. B.Evia’shighestpeak.C.Acirculartomb. D.Greece’slargestolivegarden.3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheDelphitoKirraWalk?A.ItletsvisitorsexperiencethemodernworldofGreece.B.VisitorsarerecommendedtogetbacktoDelphibyship.C.Therouteconnectstwoplaceswithalonghistory.D.Itisachallengingroutethrougharockyhill.BInMarch,2021,themuch-lovedchildren’sauthorBeverlyClearypassedawayatage104.Cleary’swritingchangedtheworldofchildren’sbooksbyshowingthatstoriesaboutthelivesofordinarykidscouldbeinteresting,funny,andpopular.Clearywasbornin1916.Asachild,shehadtroublelearningtoread.Evenaftershelearnedtolovereading,shefeltlikethepeopleshewasreadingaboutdidn’thavemuchtodowithherandherlife,whichwereunattractivetoher.Shewantedtoreadfunnybooksaboutchildrenlikeherself.Whenshegrewup,Clearyrealizedthereweren’tmanybooksaboutordinarykids.Soshesetouttowritethematage30andtriedtogetkidshookedonreadingsinceshefoundtheydidn’tshowmuchinterestinbooks.Cleary’sfirstbook,HenryHuggins,cameoutin1950.Ittellsthestoryofaboyandthedogthathetakesin.SoonClearywrotemorebooksaboutHenryHugginsandtheotherchildreninhisneighborhood.RamonaQuimby,alsoknownasRamonathePest,becameCleary’sbestknownbook.TheMouseandtheMotorcycletellstheexcitingstoryofamotorcycle-ridingmouseandhisfriendshipwithayoungboy.ButthatsortoffantasywasunusualforCleary,whousuallyfocusedonreallife.Inseveralbooks,theparentshavemoneytroubleorareunhappywiththeirjobs.DearMr.Henshawtellsthestoryofaboydealingwithhisparents’breaking-off.Clearyhadkeptwritingfor53years,creatingover40booksinall.Shewonalmosteveryawardtherewasforchildren’sbooks,includingtheNewberyMedalandtheNationalBookAward.ThoughClearyisnolongerwithus,hercharactersandstorieswillbelovedandsharedforyearstocome.4.HowdidClearyfindthebooksshereadasakid?A.Difficult. B.Expensive. C.Frightening. D.Boring.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hookedon”inParagraph3mean?A.Todreamof. B.Tolearnfrom. C.Todeeplyenjoy. D.Toeasilyprovide.6.Whichofthefollowingisafantasy?A.DearMr.Henshaw. B.TheMouseandtheMotorcycle.C.HenryHuggins. D.RamonathePest.7.HowoldwasClearywhenshestoppedwriting?A.About53. B.About63. C.About73. D.About83.CTheconditionsforsomeofextremefiresinrecentyearshavebecomebetween3and20timesglobally.Record-breakingfiresburnedinCanadaandturnedskiesfarawayinNewYorkorangeandgrey.ThelargestrecordedfiresintheEuropeanUnionkilled19peopleinGreece,andfiresinwesternAmazoniabroughtdirtyairtolocaltowns.AndwejustwentthroughasuperdestructivewildfireseasoninAthens,Greece,inAugust2024.Amajorreportshowsthattheamountofcarbonemissions(碳排放)fromwildfiresbetween2023and2024was8.2billiontonsofCO2.Forestwildfireswouldreleasemorecarbonemissions,poseahigherrisktopeople,andtakelongertorecover.Thereisnosingledefinitionofwhatfirecanbeanextremefire.Itcouldbemeasuredbyburnedarea,intensity,orhowunusualtheyare.“At200squarekilometres,thisyear’sfiresinGreecearemuchsmallerthanthe900squarekilometresburnedlastfireseason,butitwouldcountasanextremefire,becauseofitsclosenesstoandpotentialdamagetopeople,”saidauthorDrJoeMcNorton.WhenthisbigwildfiretearsthroughAthens,scientistsinEuropeareracingtounderstandwhyextremefireslikethisarebecomingmorecommon.Theyfindclimatechangeisthekeyfactor.Warmertemperaturesdryoutforests,whichmakeafiremorelikelytospread.Itcanalsocausemoreplantstogrow,whichprovidesmorefuel(燃料)forthefire.Humansalsoinfluencefires,likestartingthemthemselves,breakingupthelandscape,orhowwelltheyfightthem.DrJoesaysthereportwillbothguidepreparationsforwildfires,andhelptheworldunderstandthesimplefactthatfireswillkeepgettingworseuntilfossilfuelsarereplacedwithrenewableenergysources.Totackletheproblem,leadersshouldconsiderprotectingforestboundaries,reducingtheamountofnaturalfuelfire,imposingfirebansonhigh-riskdays,andinvestingmoreinearlywarningpredictionsystems.8.Howisparagraph1developed?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bydiscussingsolutions. D.Byexplainingcauses.9.WhywasthefireinGreececonsideredasanextremefire?A.Itburnedaverylargearea. B.Itbroughtharmfuleffects.C.Ithadmuchcarbonemissions. D.Itlastedalongperiodoftime.10.Whatmainlycausesextremefires?A.Sizeofforests. B.Humanbehavior. C.Locationoffires. D.Climatewarming.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tackle”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Applyfor. B.Bringabout. C.Dealwith. D.Focuson.DSpanishscientistPilarBoschhasfoundawaytousebacteria(細(xì)菌)torepair18th-centurypaintings.Bosch,amicrobiologist,saidthatshegottheideaforthemethodwhileconsideringpossibilitiesforapapertowardherdoctoraldegree.Duringthisprocess,shediscoveredsomeoneelse’spaperthatsuggestedbacteriacanbeusedtorepairartworks.Ataroundthesametime,Boschlearnedthathermother,PilarRoig,wasstrugglingtofindagoodmethodforrepairing18th-centurypaintings.Thepaintings,bySpanishartistAntonioPalomino,satinSantosJuanes—oneoftheoldestchurchesinthecityofValencia.PilarRoignotedhowdifficulttherepairprocessatthechurchwas.Onereasonwastheglue(膠水)usedtoremovethepaintingsfromthewallsinthe1960s.Thegluewasnearlyimpossibletoremovecompletely.“MymotherhadaverydifficultproblemtosolveandIfoundapaperaboutbacteriausedtocleanpaintingsonwallsinItaly,”Boschsaid.Boschaddedshedecidedtowriteherdoctoralpaperonthesamesubject.Today,shegetstoworkwithhermotheronthechurchrepair.Theyareusingthebacteriamethodtoremovegluefromartworks.The$4.46millionprojectisbeingfinancedbylocalorganizations.Torepair,theyfeedsmallamountsofthegluethatwasmadefromanimalcollagen(膠原蛋白)tothebacteria.Afteratime,thebacteriabegintonaturallyproduceenzymes(酶)tobreakdowntheglue.Themother-daughterteamthenmixesthebacteriawithanaturalalgae-basedsubstance,calledagel(凝膠),andplacesitontothepaintings.Afteraboutthreehours,thegelmixtureisremoved,leavingthepaintingsglue-free.Bosch’smother,now75,notedthatinthepast,peopleworkingonrepairingartworkshadtousetraditionalcleaningmethodsthattookhoursanddamagedthepainting.Boschisnowtrainingotherscientiststouseadifferentkindofbacteriatoclearwallsofpaintedgraffiti.12.HowdidBoschfindthewaytorepairoldpaintings?A.Hermotherinspiredher. B.Herdoctorinstructedher.C.Shetesteditoutbymanyexperiments. D.Shefounditwhenpreparingherpaper.13.Whatmadeitdifficulttorepairtheoldpaintings?A.Nothavingenoughmoney. B.Thehistoryofthechurches.C.Thegluethatwasonceused. D.Experienceofpastfailures.14.Whatisparagraph4centeredon?A.Theprocessofcleaningthepaintings.B.Thenecessityofrepa?ringthepaintings.C.Thechallengesfacingthemother-daughterteam.D.Thematerialsthatareusedtocleanthepaintings.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BacteriaRemovalProcessIsWidelyUsedinSpain.B.SpanishScientistUsesBacte