2025年考研英語(yǔ)一閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練沖刺押題模擬試卷（含答案）考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheconceptofa"growthmindset,"popularizedbypsychologistCarolDweck,suggeststhatabilitiesandintelligencearenotfixedtraitsbutcanbedevelopedthroughdedicationandhardwork.Thiscontrastswitha"fixedmindset,"whereindividualsbelievetheirtalentsareinnateandunchangeable.Researchindicatesthatpeoplewithagrowthmindsettendtoachievemore,notonlyinacademicsbutalsoinvariouslifedomains,becausetheyembracechallenges,persistinthefaceofsetbacks,andseeeffortasthepathtomastery.Inastudyconductedataprestigiousuniversity,studentsweregivenadifficultaptitudetest.Beforetakingit,halfwererandomlyassignedtoagroupthatreceivedmessagesalignedwithagrowthmindset(e.g.,"Yourbrainislikeamuscle;themoreyouexerciseit,thestrongeritgets")andtheotherhalfreceivedmessagesalignedwithafixedmindset(e.g.,"Somepeoplearejustbornsmart").Thegrowthmindsetgroupshowedgreaterpersistencewhenfacedwithdifficultproblemsaftertheinitialtestandperformedbetteronasubsequent,morechallengingtest.Thisfindingsuggeststhatcultivatingagrowthmindsetcanenhanceresilienceandleadtobetteroutcomes.However,theadoptionofagrowthmindsetisnotwithoutitschallenges.Itrequiresconsciousefforttoshiftfrombeliefsingrainedfromchildhoodorculture.Overcomingafixedmindsetofteninvolvesquestioningdeeplyheldassumptionsandreplacingthemwithamoreflexibleunderstandingofpotential.Thisprocesscanbeuncomfortableandmayrequireconfrontingfailuresnotasevidenceofinadequacy,butasopportunitiestolearnandgrow.Furthermore,theenvironmentplaysasignificantrole.Supportivecommunities,encouragingparents,andinspiringteacherscanfosteragrowthmindset,whileconstantcriticismorcomparisontootherscanreinforceafixedone.Therefore,cultivatingagrowthmindsetisnotsolelyanindividualendeavorbutalsodependsheavilyonthesurroundingecosystem.Ultimately,embracingagrowthmindsetempowersindividualstoviewchallengesasopportunities,persistthroughdifficulties,andcontinuouslydeveloptheirabilitiesthroughoutlife.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarycharacteristicofagrowthmindsetaccordingtothepassage?2.Thestudymentionedinthesecondparagraphaimedtodemonstratetheeffectofmindsetonwhichofthefollowing?3.Accordingtothepassage,whatmakesadoptingagrowthmindsetchallenging?4.Thethirdparagraphsuggeststhattheenvironmentcaninfluenceaperson'smindsetinwhatway?5.Whatdoesthepassageimplyisthekeybenefitofhavingagrowthmindset?PassageTwoTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateregardingitsimpactonthefutureofemployment.WhilesomeenvisionafuturewhereAIaugmentshumancapabilities,leadingtounprecedentedproductivitygains,othersfearwidespreadjobdisplacementasmachinesbecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans.UnderstandingthenuancesofthisrelationshipiscrucialfornavigatingthetransitiontowardsanAI-driveneconomy.Onesignificantconcernistheimpactonjobsrequiringroutinecognitiveormanualtasks.AutomationpoweredbyAIcanoftenperformthesetasksmoreefficientlyandcost-effectivelythanhumans.Industriesrangingfrommanufacturingandlogisticstodataentryandcustomerservicearealreadyseeingautomationreplacecertainroles.Thistrendcouldleadtosignificantjoblossesinthesesectorsifappropriatemeasuresarenottaken.However,thepictureisnotsolelyoneofjobdisplacement.AIalsocreatesnewjobcategoriesandtransformsexistingones.RolesinAIdevelopment,datascience,AIethics,andAImaintenancearegrowingrapidly.Moreover,AIcanaugmenthumanworkers,allowingthemtofocusonmorecomplex,creative,andinterpersonalaspectsoftheirjobs.Forinstance,AItoolscanassistdoctorsindiagnosis,enablingthemtofocusmoreonpatientcare,orhelpresearchersanalyzevastdatasets,leadingtonewdiscoveries.AddressingthechallengeofAI'simpactonemploymentrequiresamulti-facetedapproach.Educationsystemsneedtoadapt,focusingonskillsthatarelesslikelytobeautomated,suchascriticalthinking,emotionalintelligence,andcomplexproblem-solving.Governmentsmayneedtoconsiderpolicieslikeuniversalbasicincomeorenhancedsocialsafetynetstosupportworkersdisplacedbyautomation.Furthermore,fosteringacollaborativerelationshipbetweenhumansandAI,ratherthanviewingitasacompetition,willbeessentialformaximizingthebenefitswhilemitigatingtherisks.Questions:6.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernassociatedwiththeriseofAI?8.ThepassagesuggeststhatAImightalsoleadtothecreationofwhichtypesofjobs?9.WhatdoesthepassageindicateisneededtomanagethetransitiontoanAIeconomy?10.TheauthorimpliesthatthefuturerelationshipbetweenhumansandAIshouldideallybecharacterizedbywhat?PassageThreeClimatechangepresentsoneofthemostsignificantchallengesfacinghumanitythiscentury.Itseffectsarefar-reachingandprofound,impactingecosystems,weatherpatterns,sealevels,andhumansocietiesglobally.Theprimarydriverofcurrentclimatechangeistheincreaseingreenhousegasconcentrationsintheatmosphere,largelyduetohumanactivities,particularlytheburningoffossilfuelsanddeforestation.Theconsequencesofclimatechangearealreadyevident.Risingglobaltemperaturescontributetomorefrequentandsevereheatwaves,alteredprecipitationpatternsleadingtobothdroughtsandfloods,andthemeltingofpolaricecapsandglaciers.Thesechangeshavedevastatingeffectsonbiodiversity,threateningnumerousspecieswithextinctionanddisruptingecosystems.Forhumans,climatechangeexacerbatesproblemslikewaterscarcity,foodinsecurity,andthespreadofvector-bornediseases,disproportionatelyaffectingvulnerablepopulationsindevelopingregions.Addressingclimatechangerequiresimmediateandcoordinatedglobalaction.Reducinggreenhousegasemissionsisparamount,necessitatingarapidtransitionawayfromfossilfuelstowardsrenewableenergysourceslikesolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower.Enhancingenergyefficiencyacrossindustries,transportation,andbuildingsisalsocrucial.Furthermore,sustainablelandusepractices,suchasreforestationandafforestation,canhelpabsorbatmosphericcarbondioxide.Internationalcooperationisessential,asclimatechangeknowsnobordersandrequiressharedresponsibilityandresources.Whilethescaleofthechallengeisimmense,thereisalsoconsiderablehope.Technologicalinnovationsaremakingrenewableenergyincreasinglycost-effective,andmanycountriesaresettingambitioustargetstoreduceemissions.Publicawarenessandpressurearegrowing,demandingactionfromgovernmentsandcorporations.Byimplementingeffectivemitigationstrategiesandadaptingtotheunavoidableimpactsofclimatechange,humanitycanworktowardsamoresustainablefuture.Questions:11.Whatisthemaincauseoftheclimatechangedescribedinthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeobservableeffectsofrisingglobaltemperatures?13.Thepassagementionsseveralpotentialsolutionstoclimatechange.Whichofthesesolutionsinvolvesdeployingnewenergytechnologies?14.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisakeyrequirementforsuccessfullytacklingclimatechange?15.Whattonedoesthepassageconveyregardingthechallengeofclimatechange?PassageFourThedigitalagehasfundamentallyalteredthewayweconsumeandshareinformation,bringingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesandsignificantchallenges.Ononehand,theinternetprovidesimmediateaccesstoavastrepositoryofknowledge,enablinglearningandcommunicationonaglobalscale.Socialmediaplatformsconnectindividualsacrossdistances,fosteringcommunitiesandfacilitatingtherapiddisseminationofideas.However,thisdigitalrevolutionalsogivesrisetoissuessuchasmisinformation,privacyconcerns,andthepotentialforsocialisolation.Misinformation,oftenspreadrapidlyonsocialmedia,posesaseriousthreattoinformeddecision-makingandpublicdiscourse.Falseormisleadinginformationcanmanipulatepublicopinion,underminetrustininstitutions,andeveninciteviolence.Theeasewithwhichdigitalcontentcanbecreatedandshared,combinedwithalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeengagement,createsanenvironmentwheremisinformationcanspreadquicklyandwidely,oftenbeforeitcanbeeffectivelycountered.Privacyisanothermajorconcerninthedigitalage.Thevastamountofpersonaldatageneratedbyonlineactivitiesisoftencollected,stored,andanalyzedbycorporationsandgovernments.Whilethisdatacanbeusedforlegitimatepurposeslikepersonalizedservicesornationalsecurity,italsocreatesvulnerabilities.Databreachesareincreasinglycommon,exposingsensitiveinformationandpotentiallyleadingtoidentitytheftorfinancialfraud.Additionally,thesurveillancecapabilitiesenabledbydigitaltechnologyraiseethicalquestionsaboutindividualautonomyandgovernmentpower.Despitethesechallenges,thedigitalagealsoofferstoolstoaddressthem.Digitalliteracyeducationiscrucialforhelpingindividualscriticallyevaluateonlineinformationandrecognizemisinformation.Technologicalsolutions,suchasalgorithmsdesignedtoidentifyandreducethereachoffalsecontentorenhanceddataencryption,canalsoplayarole.Moreover,ongoingdiscussionsaboutdataprivacyregulationsandethicalguidelinesfortechnologyuseareessentialfornavigatingthecomplexitiesofthedigitalworldresponsibly.Ultimately,harnessingthebenefitsofthedigitalagewhilemitigatingitsrisksrequiresaconcertedeffortfromindividuals,technologydevelopers,andpolicymakers.Questions:16.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonesignificantadvantageofthedigitalage?17.Thepassageidentifiesmisinformationasaproblem.Whatpotentialnegativeconsequencedoesitmention?18.Besidesmisinformation,whatothermajorprivacyconcernishighlighted?19.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisneededtohelppeopledealwithfalseinformationonline?20.Whatisakeyelementmentionedfornavigatingthedigitalageresponsibly?---試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.C2.D3.B4.A5.EPassageTwo6.B7.A8.C9.D10.FPassageThree11.D12.E13.A14.C15.BPassageFour16.A17.C18.D19.B20.F---解析思路PassageOne1.C(Theabilitytodevelopabilitiesandintelligencethroughdedicationandhardwork):解析思路：文章首段明確對(duì)比了成長(zhǎng)型思維和固定型思維，并指出成長(zhǎng)型思維的核心在于相信能力可以通過(guò)努力提升。選項(xiàng)C準(zhǔn)確概括了這一點(diǎn)。2.D(Theeffectofmindsetonpersistenceandperformanceonchallengingtasks):解析思路：第二段描述的研究實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)比了兩種思維模式在遇到困難后的堅(jiān)持程度和后續(xù)更難測(cè)試的表現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)D準(zhǔn)確反映了研究的核心內(nèi)容。3.B(Itrequiresquestioningdeeplyheldassumptionsandreplacingthemwithamoreflexibleunderstanding):解析思路：第三段直接指出轉(zhuǎn)變思維模式的挑戰(zhàn)在于需要克服根深蒂固的觀念，并進(jìn)行認(rèn)知上的調(diào)整，用更靈活的觀點(diǎn)取代舊有認(rèn)知。選項(xiàng)B抓住了這一關(guān)鍵挑戰(zhàn)。4.A(Itcanfosteragrowthmindsetorreinforceafixedone):解析思路：第三段明確說(shuō)明了支持性環(huán)境（如鼓勵(lì)的家長(zhǎng)、老師）有助于培養(yǎng)成長(zhǎng)型思維，而批評(píng)或比較則會(huì)強(qiáng)化固定型思維。選項(xiàng)A準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)了環(huán)境的影響方式。5.E(Itempowersindividualstoembracechallenges,persistthroughdifficulties,andcontinuouslydeveloptheirabilities):解析思路：文章最后一段總結(jié)了成長(zhǎng)型思維的優(yōu)勢(shì)，即賦予個(gè)人迎接挑戰(zhàn)、克服困難、持續(xù)成長(zhǎng)的能力。選項(xiàng)E整合了這些關(guān)鍵益處。PassageTwo6.B(Theimpactofartificialintelligenceonthefutureofemployment):解析思路：文章首段即提出并圍繞AI對(duì)就業(yè)未來(lái)的影響展開(kāi)討論，包括潛在的益處和擔(dān)憂(yōu)。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確概括了主旨。7.A(Jobdisplacementasmachinesbecomeincreasinglycapable):解析思路：第二段明確提出了對(duì)AI的主要擔(dān)憂(yōu)，即機(jī)器能力提升可能導(dǎo)致傳統(tǒng)由人類(lèi)完成的任務(wù)被自動(dòng)化取代，進(jìn)而造成失業(yè)。選項(xiàng)A直接對(duì)應(yīng)了這一核心擔(dān)憂(yōu)。8.C(RolesinAIdevelopment,datascience,AIethics,andAImaintenance):解析思路：第三段明確提到AI會(huì)創(chuàng)造新的工作類(lèi)別，并列舉了AI開(kāi)發(fā)、數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)、AI倫理和AI維護(hù)等為例。選項(xiàng)C準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述了這一點(diǎn)。9.D(Adaptingeducation,consideringpolicieslikeuniversalbasicincome,andfosteringhuman-AIcollaboration):解析思路：第四段提出了應(yīng)對(duì)AI影響的多方面方法，包括調(diào)整教育體系、考慮政策（如全民基本收入）以及促進(jìn)人機(jī)協(xié)作。選項(xiàng)D全面概括了這些措施。10.F(Collaboration,ratherthanviewingitasacompetition):解析思路：第四段結(jié)尾強(qiáng)調(diào)，人與AI的關(guān)系應(yīng)視作合作而非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。選項(xiàng)F準(zhǔn)確反映了作者所倡導(dǎo)的理想關(guān)系模式。PassageThree11.D(Theincreaseingreenhousegasco