2024年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試聽(tīng)力原文第2套(中英對(duì)照)ConversationOne.長(zhǎng)對(duì)話一。Hi,Alan.Sorryfornotcallingyoubacksooner.Yousaidonthephoneyouhadsomethingyouneededtodiscusswithme?嗨，艾倫，很抱歉沒(méi)有早點(diǎn)給你回電話。你在電話里說(shuō)有事要和我商量？Well,togetrightdowntoit,I'mhavingsecondthoughtsaboutmymajor.嗯，直截了當(dāng)?shù)卣f(shuō)，我對(duì)我的專(zhuān)業(yè)有了新的想法。Withmyfamilysituationgettingmorecomplicatedandtheendofmyuniversityeducationnearing,persistingwithArtHistoryjustdoesn'tseemtherightchoice.隨著我的家庭情況越來(lái)越復(fù)雜，大學(xué)教育也快結(jié)束了，堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)史似乎并不是一個(gè)正確的選擇。Alan,inthelast3years,IhaveheardnothingbuthowpassionateyouareabouttheArtHistoryprogramme.艾倫，在過(guò)去的三年里，我聽(tīng)到的全是你對(duì)藝術(shù)史專(zhuān)業(yè)有多么熱情。Youoftentoldfellowclassmateshowfabuloustheinstructorswereandthatyoufinallyfeltaccepted.Whatwouldcauseyoutoabandonit?你經(jīng)常對(duì)同學(xué)們說(shuō)，老師們是多么的出色，你終于感覺(jué)到自己被接納了。是什么原因讓你放棄這個(gè)專(zhuān)業(yè)呢？Myfather'scurrentfinancialsituationhashelpedmerealizethatamorefinanciallyviableemploymentopportunityisnotnecessarilyabadthing.我父親目前的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況讓我意識(shí)到，有個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)上更可行的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)其實(shí)也不錯(cuò)。ArtHistorynourishesmysoul,butdoesnothingtoputfoodonmyplate.藝術(shù)史能滋養(yǎng)我的靈魂，卻不能讓我吃飽飯啊。WhataboutalltheworkopportunitiesIdiscussedwithyoulastmonth?那我上個(gè)月和你討論的那些工作機(jī)會(huì)呢？Haveyougonetothoseplacesofbusinesstoinvestigatewhetheranylegitimatepositionsmightbeavailableforsomeonewithyourbackground?你有沒(méi)有去那些公司調(diào)查過(guò)，有適合你的背景的正規(guī)職位嗎？Ah,well…呃，這個(gè)…Look,Alan,ifyourheartissetonworkingintheartindustry,youneedtobemoreassertiveandstarttalkingwithpeople.聽(tīng)著，艾倫，如果你一心想在藝術(shù)行業(yè)工作，你就需要更加自信，要開(kāi)始與人交談。Networkingiskeyifyouwanttobecomeacelebrityintheworldofmuseumsandgalleries.如果你想成為博物館和美術(shù)館界的名人，建立人際關(guān)系網(wǎng)是關(guān)鍵。Timeisaverypreciouscommodityrightnow.Mysociallifedoesnotexist,Icanbarelykeepupwithmystudiesandthesisisduebytheendofthisyear.現(xiàn)在時(shí)間非常寶貴，我都沒(méi)有什么社交生活。我的學(xué)業(yè)幾乎跟不上，畢業(yè)論文年底就要交了。WhencanIfindtimetoresearchjobswhenIhavesomuchtodoasitis?我現(xiàn)在有這么多事情要做，什么時(shí)候才能抽出時(shí)間來(lái)研究工作呢？Whatyoudonowwilldetermineyourfutureoptions.Nowistheoptimumtimetoputforthyourbesteffort.你現(xiàn)在所做的事會(huì)決定你未來(lái)的選擇?，F(xiàn)在是你盡最大努力的最佳時(shí)機(jī)。Iwilltakewhatyousaidintoconsideration.Theadviceismuchappreciated.我會(huì)好好考慮你說(shuō)的這些話的，非常感謝你的建議。Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.請(qǐng)根據(jù)剛剛聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話回答問(wèn)題1至問(wèn)題4。Question1:Whatdidthemanwanttodiscusswiththewoman?問(wèn)題1：男士想和女士討論什么？Question2:Whydoesthemanwanttogiveuparthistory?問(wèn)題2：男士為什么想放棄藝術(shù)史？Question3:Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?問(wèn)題3：女士建議男士做什么？Question4:Whatdoesthemansayhereallylacksrightnow?問(wèn)題4：男士說(shuō)他現(xiàn)在真正缺少什么？ConversationTwo.長(zhǎng)對(duì)話二。Haveyoudecidedyetwhatyourend-of-semesterbusinessprojectwillbeon?你決定好你的期末商業(yè)項(xiàng)目主題了嗎？Yes.Howaboutyou?決定了，你呢？Yes.Goon.Yougofirst.我也決定了，繼續(xù)，你先說(shuō)。Iamgoingtodoitaboutbeef.我打算寫(xiě)以牛肉主題的。Beef?牛肉？Yeah,beef.I'mgoingtodesignabusinesscasestudyforacowfarmthatsuppliesbeefforthedomesticmarket.對(duì)，牛肉。我要為一個(gè)給國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)牛肉的奶牛場(chǎng)設(shè)計(jì)一份商業(yè)案例研究。Well,thatsoundsveryinterestingandoriginal.Whereeverdidyougetthatidea?哇，聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣，很有創(chuàng)意。你是怎么想到的？Idon'tknow.Itjustcametome,Iguess.Butthinkaboutit.Beefconsumptionhasbeenrisingstronglyoverthepast20years.我也不知道，大概是突然想到的吧。但你想想看，在過(guò)去20年里，牛肉消費(fèi)量一直在強(qiáng)勁增長(zhǎng)。Astheeconomycontinuestogrow,consumerdemandisexpectedtocontinuetoincreasefortheforeseeablefuture.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái)，消費(fèi)需求會(huì)繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。Andcurrently,mostofthebeefisimported,whichbringswithitaddedfees.Sowhynotraisecattlehere?目前，大部分牛肉都是進(jìn)口的，這就帶來(lái)了額外的費(fèi)用。那么，為什么不在這里養(yǎng)牛呢？Ofcourse.Makesperfectsense.There'splentyoflandoutwest.So,ifdoneright,itshouldbeveryprofitabletoraiseourowncattle.當(dāng)然，非常合理。西部有很多土地，如果操作得當(dāng)，我們自己養(yǎng)牛應(yīng)該非常有利可圖。Exactly.沒(méi)錯(cuò)。Seriously,thatsoundslikeagreatidea.Youshouldgenuinelylookintoitoncewegetourdegrees.說(shuō)真的，這聽(tīng)起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意。等我們拿到學(xué)位后，你真該認(rèn)真研究研究。Thanks.So,yourturnnow.Whatareyoudoingyourcasestudyon?謝謝。那現(xiàn)在該你說(shuō)了，你打算做什么案例研究？Iwasthinkingaboutacarwash,butitnowseemslikesuchaboringnotionafterhearingyourbrilliantidea.我本來(lái)想做洗車(chē)場(chǎng)，但聽(tīng)到你的主意這么棒，我覺(jué)得洗車(chē)場(chǎng)太無(wú)聊了。That'scool.Icouldseethatworking.Afterall,there'splentyofcarsaboutandthosearen'tgoingawayanytimesoon.這很酷，我覺(jué)得可行。畢竟，現(xiàn)在有很多汽車(chē)，而且這些汽車(chē)也不會(huì)很快消失。Whilemanypeopledon'tcarehowtheircarlooks,manyotherpeopledo.Yougotyourselfavastandcontinualmarket.雖然很多人并不在意汽車(chē)的外觀，但也有很多人是在意的。你已具備了一個(gè)廣闊而持續(xù)的市場(chǎng)。Right.Sotheideaisalargeself-cleaningcarwash,butImeanreallybigandwell-outfittedliketheyhaveinAmerica.對(duì)。所以我的想法是建一個(gè)大型的自動(dòng)清洗洗車(chē)場(chǎng)。但我指的是真正的大型洗車(chē)場(chǎng)，設(shè)備齊全，就像美國(guó)的那樣。Iwasthinkingofhavingitcatertohigh-endconsumersinlargecities.Itcouldchargeaprofitablemarkupbyofferingjustabitmoretechnicalequipmentandprofessionalservicethancompetitors.我想讓它面向大城市的高端消費(fèi)者。洗車(chē)場(chǎng)可以通過(guò)提供比競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手更先進(jìn)的技術(shù)設(shè)備和更專(zhuān)業(yè)的服務(wù)來(lái)賺取高額利潤(rùn)。Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.請(qǐng)根據(jù)剛剛聽(tīng)到的對(duì)話回答問(wèn)題5至問(wèn)題8。Question5:Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingaboutintheconversation?問(wèn)題5：對(duì)話中說(shuō)話者主要談?wù)撌裁?？Question6:Whatdoesthemansaymakesperfectsense?問(wèn)題6：男士說(shuō)的哪句話很有道理？Question7:Whatbusinessdoesthewomansayhasavastandcontinualmarket?問(wèn)題7：女士說(shuō)的什么生意有廣闊而持續(xù)的市場(chǎng)？Question8:Whowouldtheman'simaginedbusinesscaterto?問(wèn)題8：男人想象中的生意會(huì)迎合誰(shuí)的需要？PassageOne.短文一。Increasedtelevisiontimeforyoungchildrenhaslongbeenlinkedwithpoorerprogressinsomeareasofdevelopment.長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，幼兒看電視時(shí)間增多一直與某些成長(zhǎng)方面的進(jìn)展較差有關(guān)。Onepossiblewaytocounterthosenegativeeffectsistalkingwhilewatchingthescreen.要抵消這些負(fù)面影響，一種可能的方法就是在看電視時(shí)進(jìn)行交談。Asanewstudysuggests,themoreparentsengagedinconversationwithpreschoolersduringTVtime,themorelikelythosechildrenweretohavehighercuriositylevelswhentheyreachedkindergarten.一項(xiàng)新研究表明，在看電視期間家長(zhǎng)與學(xué)齡前兒童交流得越多，這些孩子在進(jìn)入幼兒園階段時(shí)就越有可能具有更強(qiáng)的好奇心。Thiswasparticularlytrueforchildrenwithsocioeconomicdisadvantages.對(duì)于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)處境不利的兒童來(lái)說(shuō)，情況尤其如此。"Ourfindingsreinforcetheimportanceofparentconversationtopromoteearlychildhooddevelopmentandcuriosity,"saidleadauthorPrachiShahatUniversityofMichiganHealthC.S.MottChildren'sHospital.“我們的研究結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)了與家長(zhǎng)交談對(duì)促進(jìn)幼兒期發(fā)展和增強(qiáng)好奇心的重要性”來(lái)自密歇根大學(xué)健康C.S.莫特兒童醫(yī)院的主要作者普拉奇·沙阿說(shuō)道。Researchersassessedhoursofdailytelevisionexposureandfrequencyofparentscreen-timeconversationamong1,500preschoolers,andthenmeasuredearlychildhoodcuriosityinkindergarten.研究人員評(píng)估了1500名學(xué)齡前兒童每天看電視的時(shí)長(zhǎng)，以及在孩子看電視時(shí)家長(zhǎng)與之交談的頻率，然后評(píng)估了這些孩子在幼兒園階段的好奇心水平。Thestudyspecificallyfocusedoncuriositylevels,whichareassociatedwithenhancedlearningandhigheracademicachievementinreadingandmathatkindergarten,andbehavioral-developmentalbenefits,especiallyforchildrenfromfamilieswithlowersocioeconomicstatus.這項(xiàng)研究特別關(guān)注好奇心水平，因?yàn)楹闷嫘乃脚c幼兒園階段閱讀和數(shù)學(xué)方面的學(xué)習(xí)提升以及更優(yōu)秀的學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)有關(guān)，而且還關(guān)乎行為發(fā)展方面的益處，對(duì)于來(lái)自社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)地位較低的家庭的兒童而言尤其如此。Whilemanyyoungchildrenarenowgrowingupwithdigitalmediaexposurethroughmobiledevicesliketabletsandphones,televisionremainsadominantscreenactivity,accountingfor72%ofallscreentime.雖然如今許多幼兒是伴隨著平板電腦和手機(jī)等移動(dòng)設(shè)備，在接觸數(shù)字媒體的環(huán)境中長(zhǎng)大的，但看電視仍然是主要的屏幕活動(dòng)，占所有屏幕使用時(shí)間的72%。TVsarein98%ofallhomes,keepingtelevisionexposurearelevantdevelopmentalcontextinyoungchildren.98%的家庭都有電視，這使得接觸電視仍是幼兒成長(zhǎng)中的相關(guān)背景。Excessivemediaexposure,includingtelevision,candisplaceexploratoryactivitiessuchasplayandparent-childinteractions,whicharebelievedtobekeytocultivatingcuriosityinkids.過(guò)度接觸媒體，包括看電視在內(nèi)，會(huì)取代諸如玩耍和親子互動(dòng)等探索性活動(dòng)，而這些活動(dòng)被認(rèn)為是培養(yǎng)孩子好奇心的關(guān)鍵。"Ourfindingssuggesttheimportanceofparentsfindingopportunitiestofosterconversationalexchangesindailyroutineswiththeiryoungchildrenincludingwhilewatchingtelevision,"Shahsaid.“我們的研究結(jié)果表明，在日常生活中，包括看電視時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)尋找機(jī)會(huì)與年幼的孩子進(jìn)行交流互動(dòng)是很重要的”沙阿說(shuō)道。Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.請(qǐng)根據(jù)剛剛聽(tīng)到的短文回答問(wèn)題9至問(wèn)題11。Question9:Whatdowelearnfromanewstudyaboutyoungchildren?問(wèn)題9：我們從一項(xiàng)關(guān)于幼兒的新研究中了解到了什么？Question10:WhatdidPrachiShah'sstudyspecificallyfocuson?問(wèn)題10：普拉奇·沙阿的研究具體關(guān)注了什么？Question11:Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutexcessivemediaexposure?問(wèn)題11：文章對(duì)過(guò)度媒體曝光有何看法？PassageTwo.短文二。Humansareaspirationalgoal-seekingbeings.Eachofus,accordingtoresearch,hasaninborndrivetoacquire.人類(lèi)是有抱負(fù)、追求目標(biāo)的生物。研究顯示，我們每個(gè)人都有一種與生俱來(lái)的獲取欲。The"darkside"ofthisdrivetoacquireisbeingmindlesslydriventopossessmoreandmore"things'andtosociallycompareour"stuff"withallthestuffotherpeoplehaveintheirlives.這種獲取欲的陰暗面在于，人們會(huì)盲目地驅(qū)使自己去占有越來(lái)越多的東西，并將自己擁有的東西與他人生活中擁有的東西進(jìn)行社會(huì)性比較。Sothequestionis,howdoweensurewetapintoourdrivetoacquireinpositivewaysthatwillbenefitourwell-being?Onewayistobecomemoreintentionallyaspirational.那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了，我們?nèi)绾文軌虼_保以積極的、有益于自身幸福的方式來(lái)利用我們的獲取欲呢？Tobeintentionallyaspirationalincludesconsciouslyaspiringtobethepersonyouneedtobetosucceedinyourprofessionalandpersonallife.一種方法是變得更有目的性地懷揣抱負(fù)。要變得有目的性地懷揣抱負(fù)，包括有意識(shí)地去渴望成為那個(gè)能在職業(yè)和個(gè)人生活中取得成功而需要成為的人。Italsoincludesconsciouslyaspiringtoacquirethingsinyourlifethatwillpositivelyimpactyoursenseofwell-being.它還包括有意識(shí)地去渴望獲取那些在生活中會(huì)對(duì)自身幸福感產(chǎn)生積極影響的事物。Ifyou'renotconsciously,mindfullyandintentionallyharnessingthisinborndrivetoacquire,youmightbemindlesslypursuingallthewrongthings.如果你不是有意識(shí)地、審慎地、有目的性地利用這種與生俱來(lái)的獲取欲，那你可能就是在盲目地追求所有錯(cuò)誤的東西。Whileyourintentionalaspirationalgoalswillincludepursuitofacquiringthingsthatwillincreaseyoursenseofwell-being,theyoughttoalsoincludegoalstohelpotherpeopleinyourvariousliferoles.雖然有目的性的、雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)包括追求那些能提升你幸福感的事物，但是也應(yīng)該涵蓋那些能夠在你不同的生活角色中幫助到他人的目標(biāo)。Yourintentionalaspirationalgoalswillalsoincludestrivingtobeyourpersonalbestapersonof"good"character,integrity,andtrustworthiness.有目的性的、雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)還得包括努力做最好的自己，成為一個(gè)有良好品格的、正直且值得信賴的人。Thinkaboutthisfromapractical,ratherthantheoreticalviewpoint.Ifyou'renotpursuingintentionalaspirationalgoals,youhavenothingtostrivefor.從實(shí)際而非理論的角度來(lái)思考一下這個(gè)問(wèn)題吧。如果你沒(méi)有在追求有目的性的、雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)，那你就沒(méi)有什么可為之奮斗的了。Ifyouhavenothingtostrivefor,you'reputtingyourselfinthedangerouspositionofsimplydriftingthroughlife,andyouwillnotbeabletoexperience,liveandenjoyallthatlifehastooffer.如果你沒(méi)有什么可為之奮斗的，那你就是在把自己置于一種在生活中隨波逐流的危險(xiǎn)境地，你將無(wú)法體驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷并享受生活所賦予的一切。Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.請(qǐng)根據(jù)剛剛聽(tīng)到的短文回答問(wèn)題12至問(wèn)題15。Question12:Whatisthedarksideofourinborndrivetoacquire?問(wèn)題12：我們天生的獲取欲的陰暗面是什么？Question13:Whatmighthappenifwedonotharnessourinborndrivetoacquire?問(wèn)題13：如果我們不利用我們天生的獲取欲，會(huì)發(fā)生什么？Question14:Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutourintentionalaspirationalgoals?問(wèn)題14：這篇文章對(duì)我們有目的性的、雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)有何看法？Question15:Whatwillyouendupdoingwithoutpursuingintentionalaspirationalgoals?問(wèn)題15：如果不追求有目的性的、雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)，你最終會(huì)做什么？RecordingOne.錄音一。It'srevisiontimeforexamsanddissertations.Thepressureison,soyouwantallthehelpyoucangettoaidyourmemoryandraiseyourgrades.現(xiàn)在是復(fù)習(xí)考試和寫(xiě)論文的時(shí)候。壓力很大，所以你會(huì)想要得到所有可能的幫助來(lái)輔助你提高記憶力和成績(jī)。Asanutritionexpert,Iwanttosaythateatingwellcanmakearealdifferencetoyourrevisionregimesowhatbrain-boostingfoodanddrinkwouldIrecommend?作為一名營(yíng)養(yǎng)專(zhuān)家，我想說(shuō)的是，吃得好對(duì)復(fù)習(xí)狀態(tài)有很大影響。那么，我會(huì)推薦哪些能增強(qiáng)大腦功能的食物和飲品呢？Coffeecanhavenumerousbenefits,However,whilecoffeemaymakeyoumorealert,individualscanbuildupatolerance,meaningthisisshort-lived.咖啡有很多好處。然而，雖然咖啡能讓你更加清醒，但人會(huì)產(chǎn)生耐受性，這意味著咖啡的提神效果是短暫的。Coffeecanalsoincreasebloodsugarandeventuallycauselackoffocusandenergy.It'salsoworthnotingthatpeoplereactdifferentlytocoffee.咖啡還會(huì)讓血糖升高，最終導(dǎo)致注意力不集中和精力不足。還要注意的是，人們對(duì)咖啡的反應(yīng)各不相同。Somepeoplecandrinkitatmidnightandgostraighttosleep,whereasothersgetfeelingsofanxietyafterasmallamount.有些人可以在半夜喝咖啡，然后直接入睡，而有些人喝一點(diǎn)就會(huì)感到焦慮。Also,rememberthatcoffeefromacoffeeshopmaybestrongerthancoffeemadeathome.還要記住，咖啡店的咖啡可能比家里自制的咖啡更濃。Sostopdrinkingcoffeeby2pmandhaveamaximumof2cupsofcoffeeaday,butbeawareofyourownreactiontoit.所以下午2點(diǎn)以后就不要再喝了，而且每天最多喝兩杯咖啡，不過(guò)要注意你自己喝完后的反應(yīng)。Wholegrainfoodswillwardoffhunger.Examplesincludeporridgeandwholewheatbread.全谷物食品可以抵御饑餓。粥和全麥面包都屬于全谷物食品。Combiningwholegrainfoodswithproteinwillhelpkeepyourbloodsugarlevelsbalanced,whichisessentialformoodandconcentration.將全谷物食品與蛋白質(zhì)搭配食用有助于保持血糖水平平衡，這對(duì)情緒和注意力至關(guān)重要。Berriesandnutsareaconvenientandnutritioussnack.漿果和堅(jiān)果都屬于方便且有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的零食。Blueberries,likemanydarkcoloredfruitsandvegetables,canslowdownbraindamageandagerelateddecline.Frozenberriesarealsoagoodchoice.藍(lán)莓和許多深色水果蔬菜一樣，可以減緩大腦損傷和由年齡增長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致的衰退。Theyareusuallycheap,lastlongeranddon'tlosetheirnutrientswhenfrozen.冷凍漿果也是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇，它們通常更便宜，保存時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，冷凍時(shí)營(yíng)養(yǎng)不會(huì)流失。Butflavoredandcoatednutsarelesshealthyastheycontainaddedoil,salt,andsugar.但是，調(diào)味堅(jiān)果和外面裹著一層外衣的堅(jiān)果就沒(méi)那么健康了，因?yàn)樗鼈兒刑砑拥挠汀Ⅺ}和糖。Doctorsoftenrecommendtakingvitaminsupplementstotopuponthenutrientsyouneed.醫(yī)生經(jīng)常建議服用維生素補(bǔ)充劑來(lái)補(bǔ)充我們所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)。ButIwouldsayfoodshouldalwayscomebeforesupplementsandthekeytogettingasmanynutrientsaspossibleistoeatavarieddietwithlotsofdifferentcolorssuchasfrozenberriesanddarkgreenvegetables.但我認(rèn)為，食物應(yīng)該始終優(yōu)先于補(bǔ)充劑，要獲取盡可能多的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，關(guān)鍵是保持飲食多樣化，包括吃各種顏色的食物，比如冷凍漿果和深綠色蔬菜。It'sbettertogeteverythingyouneedfromfoodanddrink.最好從食物和飲品中獲取你所需的一切。Forexample,orangescontainnotonlyvitaminCwhichbooststheimmunesystem,butalsofiberandothercomponentsthatyoucan'tgetpackagedtogetherinatablet.例如，橙子不僅含有能增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)的維生素C，還含有纖維和其他你在藥片中無(wú)法一起獲得的成分。Don'tforgettodrinkaproperamountofwater,whichcanboostattentionbyalmost25percentandcanelevateyourmoodaswell.不要忘記適量飲水，它可以將你的注意力提高近25%，還能改善你的情緒。Finally,don'tskipmeals.Eatingregularlywillhelpkeepbloodsugarbalancedandfeedthebrainwiththefuelitneeds.最后，不要不吃飯。規(guī)律飲食有助于保持血糖平衡，并為大腦提供所需的能量。Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.請(qǐng)根據(jù)剛剛聽(tīng)到的錄音回答問(wèn)題16至問(wèn)題18。Question16:Whatdoesthespeakerrecommendinthistalk?問(wèn)題16：說(shuō)話人在這次演講中推薦了什么？Question17:Whatdoesthespeakerwarnagainstaboutcoffee?問(wèn)題17：說(shuō)話人對(duì)咖啡有何警告？Question18:Howcanwegetsufficientnutrientsaccordingtothespeaker?問(wèn)題18：說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為我們?nèi)绾尾拍塬@得足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)？RecordingTwo.錄音二。ThelateSwedishacademicHansRoslinghasidentifiedaworryingtrend:notonlydomanypeopleacrossadvancedeconomieshavenoideathattheworldisbecomingamuchbetterplace,buttheyactuallyeventhinktheopposite.已故瑞典學(xué)者漢斯·羅斯林發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)令人擔(dān)憂的趨勢(shì)：許多發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的民眾不僅不知道世界正在變得更好，實(shí)際上他們甚至認(rèn)為情況恰恰相反。Thisisnowonder,whenthenewsfocusesonreportingcatastrophes,terroristattacks,wars,andfamines.這并不奇怪，因?yàn)樾侣効偸羌袌?bào)道災(zāi)難、恐怖襲擊、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和饑荒。Whowantstohearaboutthefactthateverydaysome200,000peoplearoundtheworldareliftedabovethe$2-a-daypovertyline?誰(shuí)會(huì)愿意聽(tīng)到全球每天大約有20萬(wàn)人擺脫了每天兩美元的貧困線？Orthatmorethan300,000peoplegetaccesstoelectricityandcleanwaterforthefirsttimeeveryday?抑或每天有超過(guò)30萬(wàn)人首次用上電和喝到干凈的水這樣的消息呢？Thesestoriesofpeopleinlow-incomecountriessimplydon'tmakeforexcitingnewscoverage.這些低收入國(guó)家民眾的故事根本不適合成為令人興奮的新聞報(bào)道。But,asRoslingpointedoutinhisbookFactfulness,it'simportanttoputallthebadnewsinperspective.但正如羅斯林在《事實(shí)》一書(shū)中指出的，重要的是要正確看待所有壞消息。Whileitistruethatglobalizationhasputsomedownwardpressureonmiddle-classwagesinadvancedeconomiesinrecentdecades,ithasalsohelpedlifthundredsofmillionsofpeopleabovetheglobalpovertyline.雖然近幾十年來(lái)全球化確實(shí)給發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的薪資水平帶來(lái)了一些下行壓力，但全球化也幫助數(shù)億人擺脫了全球貧困線。Ifwereallycareaboutglobalwelfare,globalizationistheonlywayforwardtoensurethateconomicprosperityissharedamongallcountriesandnotonlyaselectfewadvancedeconomies.如果我們真的關(guān)心全球福祉，全球化是確保經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮由所有國(guó)家共享而非僅由少數(shù)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家獨(dú)享的唯一途徑。Whilesomepeopleglorifythepast,oneofthebigfactsofeconomichistoryisthatuntilquiterecentlyasignificantpartoftheworldpopulationhaslivedunderquitemiserableconditionsandthishasbeentruethroughoutmostofhumanhistory.雖然有些人美化過(guò)去，但經(jīng)濟(jì)歷史上的一個(gè)重要事實(shí)是，直到最近，世界上相當(dāng)一部分人口依然生活在相當(dāng)糟糕的條件下--在人類(lèi)歷史的大部分時(shí)期大都如此。Whilethereweremanylong-lastingupsanddowns,liketheGreatDepressionortherecentGreatRecession,theconstancyofthelong-rungrowthrateisactuallyquitemiraculous.雖然有許多長(zhǎng)期的起伏，如大蕭條或最近的大衰退，但長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)率的穩(wěn)定性實(shí)際上是相當(dāng)神奇的。Low-incomecountries,includingChinaandIndia,havebeengrowingatasignificantlyfasterpaceinrecentdecadesandarequicklycatchinguptotheWest.近幾十年來(lái)，包括中國(guó)和印度在內(nèi)的低收入國(guó)家發(fā)展速度明顯加快，正在迅速追趕西方國(guó)家。A10%growthrateoveraprolongedperiodmeansthatincomelevelsdoubleroughlyeverysevenyears.長(zhǎng)期保持10%的增長(zhǎng)率意味著收入水平大約每七年翻一番。Itisobviouslygoodnewsifprosperityismoresharedacrosstheglobe.如果繁榮在全球范圍內(nèi)更加廣泛地共享，這顯然是個(gè)好消息。Whileinequalitywithincountrieshasgoneupasaresultofglobalization,globalinequalityhasbeenonasteadydownwardtrendforseveraldecades.雖然全球化導(dǎo)致許多國(guó)家內(nèi)部的不平等有所加重，但全球范圍內(nèi)的不平等現(xiàn)象幾十年來(lái)已經(jīng)穩(wěn)步下降。Thisismostlyaresultoftheimprovementofhundredsofmillionsofpeople'slivingstandards.這主要是由于數(shù)億人的生活水平得到了提升。Infact,forthefirsttimeeversincetheIndustrialRevolution,abouthalfoftheglobalpopulationcanbeconsideredmiddleclass.實(shí)際上，自工業(yè)革命以來(lái)，全球大約一半的人口被定義為中產(chǎn)階級(jí)，這還是頭一次。Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.請(qǐng)根據(jù)剛剛聽(tīng)到的錄音回答問(wèn)題19至問(wèn)題21。Question19:WhatistheworryingtrendthelateSwedishacademichasidentified?問(wèn)題19：這位已故瑞典學(xué)者指出了什么令人擔(dān)憂的趨勢(shì)？Question20:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutglobalization?問(wèn)題20：演講者對(duì)全球化有何看法？Question21:Whatdowelearnabouthalfoftheglobalpopulation?問(wèn)題21：我們了解到關(guān)于全球一半人口的什么信息？RecordingThree.錄音三。Weallknowthatthesenseofsmellispowerful.Thedeliciousscentofbread,forexample,canactlikeatimemachine.我們都知道嗅覺(jué)是非常強(qiáng)大的。例如，面包的香味就像一臺(tái)時(shí)光機(jī)。Onesniffcanbringbackamemoryfrommanyyearsago.Indeed,scentparticles,ingeneral,canrevivememoriesthathavebeenlongforgotten.一聞到這種味道，就能喚發(fā)多年前的記憶。實(shí)際上，氣味顆粒通?？梢詥拘涯切┍贿z忘已久的記憶。Butwhydosmellssometimestriggerpowerfulmemories,especiallyemotionalones?但為什么氣味有時(shí)會(huì)引發(fā)強(qiáng)烈的記憶，尤其是情感記憶呢？Theshortansweristhatthebrainregionsthathandlesmells,memoriesandemotionsarelinked.答案很簡(jiǎn)單，那就是負(fù)責(zé)氣味、記憶和情感的大腦區(qū)域是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的。Ascentisachemicalparticlethatfloatsinthroughthenoseandintotheregionofthebrainresponsibleforsmell,wherethesensationisfirstprocessedintoaformthatthebraincanread.氣味是一種化學(xué)顆粒，通過(guò)鼻子進(jìn)入負(fù)責(zé)嗅覺(jué)的大腦區(qū)域，在那里這種感覺(jué)首先被處理成大腦可以讀取的形式。Braincellsthencarrythatinformationtotheareaofthebrainwhereemotionsareprocessed,andthentoanadjacentareaofthebrainwherelearningandmemoryformationtakeplace.然后，腦細(xì)胞將這些信息傳遞到處理情感的大腦區(qū)域，再傳遞到大腦中一個(gè)產(chǎn)生學(xué)習(xí)和形成記憶的鄰近區(qū)域。Scentsaretheonlysensationsthattravelsuchadirectpathtotheemotionalandmemorycentersofthebrain.氣味是唯一能直接進(jìn)入大腦情感和記憶中心的感覺(jué)。Thatresultsinanintimateconnectionbetweenemotions,memoriesandscents,whichiswhymemoriestriggeredbyscentsareexperiencedasmoreemotionalthanthosetriggeredbysightorsound.這就使情感、記憶和感覺(jué)之間產(chǎn)生了密切的聯(lián)系，這就是為什么由氣味引發(fā)的記憶比由視覺(jué)或聽(tīng)覺(jué)引發(fā)的記憶更能激起情感。Let'stakeacloserlookathowthosememoriesareactivated.讓我們仔細(xì)看看這些記憶是如何被激活的。Usually,whenapersonsmellss