2025年GRE語文專項訓練卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______文本完成部分directions:Foreachblank,chooseonewordfromtheboxthatbestcompletesthetext.IndicateyourchoicebyfillinginthecorrespondingcircleontheAnswerSheet.|Box|Word||-----|---------------||A|persistent||B|ambiguous||C|immediate||D|negligible||E|conventional||F|transformative|Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasa________momentinmedicalhistory,fundamentallyalteringthewaybacterialinfectionsweretreated,thoughitsinitialimpactwassomewhat________duetolimitationsinproductionandunderstandingofitsmechanism.Thepoliciesimplementedbytheadministrationweremetwith________criticismfromeconomists,whoarguedthattheylackedasoundtheoreticalbasisandwouldlikelyleadtounintendednegativeconsequencesfortheeconomy.Despitethe________evidencesuggestingalinkbetweenthetwovariables,theresearchersmaintainedtheirhypothesis,citingmethodologicalflawsinpreviousstudiesthatmighthaveskewedtheresults.Manypeopleadhereto________飲食習慣(xíshíguīxiàn)outofcomfortandconvenienceratherthanaconsciousefforttopursueoptimalhealth,oftenoverlookingthelong-termbenefitsofamorebalanceddiet.Thenovel'scomplexnarrativestructurewas________forfirst-timereaders,requiringcarefulattentiontokeeptrackofthemultipletimelinesandperspectiveswoventhroughoutthestory.選句填空部分directions:Selecttwoanswerchoicesthat,whenusedtogether,formasentencethatisgrammaticallycorrectandmakessense.IndicateyourchoicebyfillinginthecorrespondingcirclesontheAnswerSheet.Thecompany'sfinancialperformancehasbeendisappointing;________.(A)ithasfailedtomeetanalystprojectionsforthepastthreequarters(B)itsstockpricehasplummetedasaresult(C)investorsarenowseekingmoretransparencyinitsreporting(D)ithasbeenforcedtolayoffasignificantportionofitsworkforce(E)ithadalreadybeenstrugglingwithsupplychainissuesbeforethepandemic(F)managementhasannouncedarestructuringplantoimproveefficiencyTheancientartifact,discoveredlastseason,providesvaluableinsights;________.(A)itdatesbacktoaperiodpreviouslythoughttobepoorlydocumented(B)archaeologistshavebeenunabletodecipheritsintendedpurpose(C)itwasfoundinastateofnear-perfectpreservation(D)itsoriginstoryhasquicklybecomethesubjectofintensedebate(E)furtheranalysisisrequiredtounderstanditsculturalsignificance(F)itwasunearthednearseveralotherpreviouslyknownsitesThetheoreticalmodel,whileelegantinitssimplicity,________;________.(A)itaccuratelypredictsexperimentalresultsunderidealconditions(B)itreliesonseveralunprovenassumptionsabouttheunderlyingsystem(C)ithasbeenwidelycriticizedbythescientificcommunityforitslackofpracticality(D)itdemonstratesaprofoundinsightintothefundamentalmechanismsatplay(E)itfailstoaccountfortheobserveddeviationsinreal-worldscenarios(F)researchershavealreadyproposedseveralmodificationstoenhanceitsscope閱讀理解部分Thefollowingpassageisadaptedfromascholarlyarticleonurbandevelopment.Inthelatterhalfofthe20thcentury,rapidurbanizationledtotheproliferationofsprawlingsuburbandevelopments,oftencharacterizedbylow-densityhousing,extensiveroadnetworks,andlimitedpublictransportationoptions.Proponentsofthismodelarguedthatitofferedanidylliclifestyle,promotingprivacyandaconnectiontonature.However,criticssoonhighlightedthesignificantdownsides,mostnotablytherelianceonprivateautomobiles,whichcontributedtotrafficcongestion,airpollution,andhighinfrastructurecosts.Furthermore,suchdevelopmentsoftenresultedintheconsumptionofvaluableagriculturallandandthefragmentationofnaturalhabitats.Morerecently,theconceptof"smartgrowth"hasgainedtractionasanalternative,emphasizingtheimportanceofcompact,mixed-usecommunitieswithrobustpublictransitsystems.Advocatesarguethatsuchenvironmentscanreduceenvironmentalimpact,promotesocialequity,andenhancetheoverallqualityoflifebyreducingdependencyoncarsandfosteringwalkable,vibrantneighborhoods.Whileimplementationchallengesremain,theshifttowardssmarterurbanplanningreflectsagrowingrecognitionoftheneedtobalancedevelopmentwithsustainability.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasaprimaryargumentinfavorofsprawlingsuburbandevelopmentsduringthe20thcentury?2.Whatproblemdoesthepassageidentifyasbeingdirectlyrelatedtotherelianceonprivateautomobilesinsuburbanareas?3.Thepassagementionsthe"consumptionofvaluableagriculturalland"asaconsequenceofcertaintypesofurbandevelopment.Whatfeatureofthesedevelopmentsisprimarilyresponsibleforthisoutcome?4.Whatkeycharacteristicdistinguishesthe"smartgrowth"modelfromthesuburbanmodeldescribedinthepassage?5.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Thefollowingpassagediscussesevolutionarybiology.Naturalselectionoperatesontheprinciplethatorganismswithtraitsbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,passingthoseadvantageoustraitsontosubsequentgenerations.Thisprocess,whilepowerful,operatesoverlongtimescalesandtypicallyinvolvesincrementalchanges.Consequently,manyorganismsexhibittraitsthatappeartobenon-functionalorevendetrimentalfromanengineeringperspective.Forexample,thehumanappendix,consideredvestigialbymany,mighthaveplayedadigestiveroleinourherbivorousancestors.Similarly,thewingsofflightlessbirdslikeostrichesorpenguinsareremnantsofancestralstructuresusedforflight,yettheypersistduetothelackofstrongselectivepressurefavoringtheircompleteloss.Theseexampleshighlighttheimportanceofunderstandingevolutionaryhistorywheninterpretinganorganism'smorphology.Furthermore,theconceptofexaptationsuggeststhattraitscanevolveforonepurposeandlaterbeco-optedforadifferentfunction,illustratingthecomplexandoftenunpredictablenatureofevolutionarypathways.Thus,thestudyof"junkDNA"ornon-codingregionsofthegenomealsoremainsrelevant,assomeofthesesequencesmayhavepreviouslyservedfunctionalrolesandholdcluestoanorganism'sevolutionarypast.6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefundamentalmechanismthatdrivesnaturalselection?7.Thepassageprovidesanexampleofananatomicalstructurethatappearsnon-functional.Whatroledoesthepassagesuggestthisstructure(thehumanappendix)mighthavehadinthepast?8.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheevolutionoftraitsinorganisms?9.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?10.Theword"consequently"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?11.Theword"co-opted"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?試卷答案文本完成部分1.F(transformative)2.D(negligible)3.E(conventional)4.A(persistent)5.B(ambiguous)選句填空部分1.A,B2.A,D3.B,E閱讀理解部分1.thatitofferedanidylliclifestyle,promotingprivacyandaconnectiontonature2.trafficcongestion,airpollution,andhighinfrastructurecosts3.low-densityhousing4.compact,mixed-usecommunitieswithrobustpublictransitsystems5.todescribedifferentapproachestourbandevelopmentandtheirassociatedcharacteristicsandcriticisms6.thatorganismswithtraitsbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce7.adigestiverole8.itoperatesoverlongtimescalesandtypicallyinvolvesincrementalchanges,andtraitscanevolveforonepurposeandlaterbeco-optedforadifferentfunction9.toexplainhowevolutionaryprocessescanleadtotraitsthatappearnon-functionalorservemultiplepurposes10.therefore11.adoptedforadifferentuse解析文本完成部分1.transformative:Thecontextmentions"fundamentallyalteringthewaybacterialinfectionsweretreated,"indicatingaprofoundandfar-reachingchange,which"transformative"capturesbest.2.negligible:Theclause"thoughitsinitialimpactwassomewhat________"contrastswiththepreviousstrongpositivestatement."Negligible"meanseasilyoverlookedorunimportant,fittingtheideathatdespitebeingsignificant,theinitialeffectwasn'timmediatelymassive.3.conventional:"Adheringto________飲食習慣outofcomfortandconvenience"suggestsfollowingcommonorstandardpractices,ratherthanoptimalones."Conventional"fitsthisdescriptionoftypicalorestablishedroutines.4.persistent:Thesentencedescribesmaintainingahypothesisinthefaceofcriticismandevidence."Persistent"meanscontinuingfirmlyorsteadfastly,evenwhendifficult,whichfitstheresearchers'action.5.ambiguous:Thesentencestructure"Thenovel'scomplexnarrativestructurewas________forfirst-timereaders"impliesthestructuremadeunderstandingdifficultorunclear."Ambiguous"meanshavingadoublemeaningorunclear,suitablefordescribingcomplexandconfusingnarratives.選句填空部分1.A,B:Thefirstsentencestatestheperformancewasdisappointing.SentenceA("ithasfailedtomeetanalystprojections")providesaspecificreasonforthedisappointment.SentenceB("itsstockpricehasplummetedasaresult")logicallyfollowsfromthepoorperformancementioned,explainingaconsequence.Together,theyformagrammaticallycorrectandcoherentsentence:"Thecompany'sfinancialperformancehasbeendisappointing;ithasfailedtomeetanalystprojectionsforthepastthreequarters,itsstockpricehasplummetedasaresult."2.A,D:Thefirstsentencestatestheartifactprovides"valuableinsights."SentenceA("itdatesbacktoaperiodpreviouslythoughttobepoorlydocumented")explains*why*theinsightsarevaluable(fillsaknowledgegap).SentenceD("itwasfoundinastateofnear-perfectpreservation")suggests*how*thesevaluableinsightswerepossible(theartifactisintactenoughtostudy).Together,theyformacoherentsentence:"Theancientartifact,discoveredlastseason,providesvaluableinsights;itdatesbacktoaperiodpreviouslythoughttobepoorlydocumented,itwasfoundinastateofnear-perfectpreservation."3.B,E:Thefirstsentencedescribesthemodelas"elegantinitssimplicity"butimpliesithaslimitations.SentenceB("itreliesonseveralunprovenassumptions")providesaspecifictypeoflimitation.SentenceE("itfailstoaccountfortheobserveddeviationsinreal-worldscenarios")givesanotherspecificconsequenceoftheselimitations.Together,theyformacoherentsentence:"Thetheoreticalmodel,whileelegantinitssimplicity,reliesonseveralunprovenassumptions;itfailstoaccountfortheobserveddeviationsinreal-worldscenarios."閱讀理解部分1.Theanswerisfoundinthesecondsentenceofthefirstparagraph:"Proponentsofthismodelarguedthatitofferedanidylliclifestyle,promotingprivacyandaconnectiontonature."Thisdirectlystatestheprimaryargumentinfavorofsprawlingsuburbandevelopments.2.Theanswerisfoundinthethirdsentenceofthefirstparagraph:"However,criticssoonhighlightedthesignificantdownsides,mostnotablytherelianceonprivateautomobiles,whichcontributedtotrafficcongestion,airpollution,andhighinfrastructurecosts."Trafficcongestion,airpollution,andhighinfrastructurecostsarepresentedasproblemsdirectlyrelatedtothisreliance.3.Theanswerisfoundinthefourthsentenceofthefirstparagraph:"Furthermore,suchdevelopmentsoftenresultedintheconsumptionofvaluableagriculturallandandthefragmentationofnaturalhabitats."Thetextlinkstheconsumptionofagriculturallanddirectlyto"suchdevelopments,"whicharecharacterizedbylow-densityhousing(implyingsprawling).Therefore,low-densityhousingisthefeatureresponsible.4.Theanswerisfoundbycomparingthefeaturesdescribedinthefirstparagraph(sprawling,low-density,roads,limitedtransit)withthoseinthesecondparagraph(compact,mixed-use,robusttransit).Thekeydistinguishingcharacteristicmentionedisthepresenceof"robustpublictransitsystems"insmartgrowth,contrastingwiththelimitedtransitinsuburbanmodels.5.Thepassageintroducessuburbandevelopment(firstparagraph)andthenintroducessmartgrowthasanalternative(secondparagraph),discussingtheircharacteristicsandcriticisms.Themainpurposeistoprovideinformationandcomparethesetwoapproachestourbandevelopment,highlightingtheirdifferencesandimplications.6.Theanswerisfoundinthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph:"Naturalselectionoperatesontheprinciplethatorganismswithtraitsbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce."Thisdescribesthecoremechanism,focusingonsuitabilitytotheenvironmentleadingtodifferentialsurvivalandreproduction.7.T