形容詞與副詞第一講形容詞副詞的用法形容詞和副詞的核心區(qū)別是修飾對象不同：形容詞用來描述“人/事物是什么樣的”（修飾名詞/代詞），副詞用來描述“動作怎么做、程度如何或句子情況”（修飾動詞/形容詞/其他副詞/句子），這是初中語法的基礎，也是中考單選、完形的高頻考點。一、形容詞的用法（描述“是什么樣的”）1.核心定義與修飾對象形容詞（如tall,happy,beautiful）僅修飾名詞或代詞，回答“什么樣的”問題，常見功能有2種：作定語、作表語。2.兩大核心功能（必掌握）功能位置特點例句（標紅為形容詞）作定語 通常放在被修飾名詞前 Shehasacutecat.（她有一只可愛的貓。）作表語 放在be動詞感官動詞后（be,look,sound,taste,feel,smell）變化類bee/get/turn/go 之后保持類keep/remain/stay之后Heisverytall.（他很高。）Thecaketastesdelicious.（蛋糕嘗起來很美味。）作賓語補足語常位于find,think,make,keep等動詞之后Ifinditdifficulttosolvetheproblembymyself.3.特殊注意（易錯點）(1)形容詞不能修飾動詞！錯誤：Herunsfastly.（fast作形容詞時“快的”，但此處修飾動詞runs，需用副詞fast，且fast的形容詞和副詞同形）正確：Herunsfast.(2)多個形容詞修飾同一名詞時，順序有規(guī)律（中考了解即可）：限定詞（a/an/the）→描繪性形容詞（beautiful）→大?。╞ig）→形狀（round）→顏色（red）→國籍（Chinese）→材料（wooden）→名詞，例：abeautifulbigroundredChinesewoodentable。二、副詞的用法（描述“怎么做/程度如何”）1.核心定義與修飾對象副詞（如quickly,very,often）主要修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子，回答“怎么做、多經(jīng)常、多程度”等問題，核心功能是作狀語。2.四大核心功能（必掌握）功能修飾對象位置特點例句（標紅為副詞）修飾動詞動詞（實義動詞，如run,eat）通常放在動詞后（或句末）Shesingsbeautifully.（她唱歌很好聽。）修飾形容詞形容詞（如tall,happy）放在形容詞前Thisstoryisveryinteresting.（這個故事非常有趣。）修飾副詞其他副詞（如quickly）放在被修飾副詞前Herunsveryfast.（他跑得非?？?。）修飾句子整個句子（表情況/態(tài)度）通常放在句首Luckily,hepassedtheexam.（幸運的是，他通過了考試。） 3.副詞的構成（初中高頻）大部分副詞由“形容詞+ly”構成，但有特殊變化，需注意拼寫：(1)一般情況：quick→quickly,happy→happily(2)以“y”結尾的形容詞（y前是輔音）：變y為i+ly，例：easy→easily,heavy→heavily(3)以“l(fā)e”結尾的形容詞：去e+y，例：simple→simply,gentle→gently(4)特殊情況（無ly或同形）：fast（形/副同形）、early（形/副同形）、good（形容詞）→well（副詞）三、高頻易錯點（避坑指南）1.形容詞/副詞混淆（中考最常錯）核心判斷：看修飾對象——修飾名詞用形容詞，修飾動詞/形容詞/句子用副詞。錯誤：Sheisacarefullystudent.（修飾名詞student，需用形容詞careful）正確：Sheisacarefulstudent.錯誤：HespeaksEnglishgood.（修飾動詞speaks，需用副詞well）正確：HespeaksEnglishwell.2.感官動詞后用形容詞（不是副詞）常見感官動詞：look（看起來）、sound（聽起來）、taste（嘗起來）、feel（摸起來/感覺）、smell（聞起來），后接形容詞作表語，描述“人/事物的狀態(tài)”。錯誤：Themusicsoundswell.（sound是感官動詞，需用形容詞good）正確：Themusicsoundsgood.3.“副詞+ly”的拼寫錯誤錯誤：easy→easyly（應為easily）、simple→simplely（應為simply）正確：變y為i或去e+y，記牢特殊變化（如good→well）。四、形容詞vs副詞對比表（快速區(qū)分）維度形容詞（Adjective）副詞（Adverb）修飾對象名詞、代詞動詞、形容詞、其他副詞、句子核心功能作定語（名詞前）、表語（be后）作狀語（修飾動作/程度/句子）回答問題什么樣的？（Whatkindof?）怎么做？多程度？（How?Howmuch?）常見后綴ful（helpful）、y（sunny）、ous（dangerous）ly（quickly）、無后綴（fast）例句asmalldog；Heissad. runslowly；verybig形容詞副詞專練 一、選擇題1.Thisisa______story.Itmakesusfeel______.A.interesting;happyB.interested;happilyC.interesting;happilyD.interested;happy2.Heruns______thanhisbrother.Heisthe______runnerinourclass.A.fast;fastestB.faster;fastestC.fastly;fastestD.faster;faster3.Themusicsounds______.Wealllikeitverymuch.A.wellB.goodC.beautifullyD.wonderfully4.Sheisa______student.Shedoesherhomework______.A.careful;carefulB.carefully;carefullyC.careful;carefullyD.carefully;careful5.—How______isthenewlibrary?—It’sabout10metershigh.A.tallB.highC.highlyD.taller6.Mymothercooks______.Thefoodtastes______.A.good;wellB.well;goodC.good;goodD.well;well7.______,hedidn’tpasstheexam.Hewasverysad.A.LuckyB.UnluckyC.LuckilyD.Unluckily8.Thismathproblemis______difficult.Ican’tworkitout.A.tooB.toC.verymuchD.muchtoo9.It’s______coldtoday.You’dbetterwearwarmclothes.A.terribleB.terriblyC.terriblelyD.moreterrible10.Theboylookedbecausehedidn’tpasshismathsexam.D.sadlyB.sadnessC.saddestD.sadly11.ManystudentsthinkittolearnEnglishbyusingnews.A.interestB.interestingC.interestedD.interests12.Itwasadayandshefeltvery______.A.tiring;tiredB.tiring;tiringC.tired;tiringD.tired;tired13.Frederick_____enteredthefinalpetitionlastmonth.Hishobbyhasbroughthim______.A.successful;successB.successful;successfullyC.successfully;successD.successfully;successful14.Ifyouarehungry,whatdoyoudo?Haveyourfavoritemealandstayquietafterthat.

Justlikeyourstomach,yourmindisalsohungry.Butitneverletsyouknow.It______servesyourneedsandneverletsitselfgrowbecauseyoukeepitbusythinkingaboutyourfriendsorfavoritestars.A.silent B.silently C.silence D.silents15.In1973,Yuan___7___developedaspecialtypeoflonggrainedhybridrice.A.successful B.successfully C.success D.succeed二、填空題（每題5分，共20分）1.Heisa______(care)boy.Healwaysmakesmistakesinhishomework.2.Mysistersings______(beautiful).Shewantstobeasinger.3.Thisbookis______(easy)thanthatone.Icanfinishreadingitinanhour.4.Thelittlegirlfeels______(happy)becauseshegotanewtoy.5.Hearingthebadnews,hesatdown____.(silent)6.Billpickedupthedamagedsculptureandexaminedit（careful）7.Ourteamlostthegamebecauseweplayedvery_______(bad).8.I’m______(true)sorrythatthingshadtoendlikethis.9.TikTok,whichis_______(sudden)everywhereontheInternet,ismakingitswayintoourlives.10.Thedaysofspringare_________(wind)andbright.11.Greenhousegasesare_______(harm)totheenvironment.12.Lucyusedtobe____(real)shy.Soshetookactingclassestodealwithhershyness.形容詞副詞比較級、最高級運用一、核心構成規(guī)則（必背?。┍容^級/最高級的構成分“規(guī)則變化”和“不規(guī)則變化”，重點記拼寫規(guī)律：1.規(guī)則變化（按音節(jié)劃分）變化規(guī)則原級比較級最高級（1）直接在詞尾加—er,estsamllhardsmallerhardersmallesthardest（2）以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的，在詞尾加r,stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest（3）以“輔音字母+y“結尾的，把y變i，再加er,esteasyearlyearlierearliereasiestearliest(4)以輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞匯，雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加er,estbighotbiggerhotterbiggerhottest(5)部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞，在其前加more,mostpopulardeliciousquicklymorepopularmoredeliciousmorequicklymostpopularmostdeliciousmostquickly2.不規(guī)則變化（中考必考，必須記?。┰壉容^級最高級詞性（形/副）good,wellbetterbest形/副many,muchmoremost形/副（表數(shù)量）bad,badlyworseworst形/副littlelessleast形/副（表數(shù)量）oldolderoldest形eldereldestfarfartherfarthest形/副（farther表距離，further表程度）furtherfurthest二、核心用法（句型+場景，直接套用）1.原級用法（和……一樣/不如……）【核心句型】：肯定：A+be/實義動詞+as+原級+as+B（A和B一樣……）否定：A+be/實義動詞+notas/so+原級+asB（A不如B……）例句：形容詞：Thisbookisasinterestingasthatone.（這本書和那本一樣有趣。）副詞：Herunsnotsofastashisfriend.（他跑得不如他朋友快。）【標志詞】：as...as,notas/so...as2.比較級用法（兩者對比，A比B更……）【核心句型】：A+be/實義動詞+比較級+than+B（A比B……）【修飾比較級】：much/alittle/alot/even+比較級（……得多/一點/多得多/甚至更……）【特殊句型】：①The+比較級，the+比較級（越……，越……）②Which/Who…+比較級，AorB?“A和B，誰更…”③比較級+and+比較級“越來越……”，而多音節(jié)的形容詞、副詞用“moreandmore+原級”形式。例句：形容詞：Sheismuchtallerthanme.（她比我高得多。）副詞：Hestudiesharderthanhisbrother.（他比他弟弟學習努力。）特殊句型：Themoreyoupractice,thebetteryouspeak.（練得越多，說得越好。）Whichisbigger,acatoracow?Thebusranfasterandfaster.Thecountrysideisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.【標志詞】：than,much,alittle,even,the+比較級...the+比較級【小試牛刀】()1.Ajourneybytrainisthanbycoach.A.morerelaxingB.relaxingC.mostrelaxingD.themostrelaxing()2.Inordertopasstheexam，youneedtoworkmuchnow.A．hardB．harderC．hardestD．hardly()3.Thisreadingisnot_______thatone.A.aseasierB.soeasythanC.aseasyasD.aseasilyas()4.—“FoodSafety”problemisbeing______thesedays．—Ithinkso．Thegovernmentmustdosomethingtodealwithit.A．smallerandsmallerB．worseandworseC．betterandbetterD．nicerandnicer()5．—Whosehomeisfromschoo1．Alice'sorDaisy's?—Alice's，Ithink．A．farB．fartherC．farthestD．thefarthest()6.

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fewer3.最高級用法（三者及以上對比，A是最……的）【核心句型】：（1）A+be/實義動詞+the+最高級+范圍（in/of...）（A在……中是最……的）（2）A+…oneofthe+最高級+復數(shù)名詞，“A是最……的…之一”（3）Which(who)+…(the)+最高級,A,BorC?，“A、B或C中，哪個/誰最……”（4）…the+序數(shù)詞+最高級+單數(shù)名詞+in+范圍，“在某范圍內(nèi)是第幾……的……”（5）A+…the+最高級+thatIhaveever+seen/heard/read.，“A是我所見過的/聽過的/讀過的最...的...”例句：形容詞：Thisisthemostdeliciousfoodintherestaurant.（這是這家餐廳里最美味的食物。）LiPinisoneofthemostcarefulstudentsinourclass.Whoisthetallest,Tom，MikeorKate?ChangjiangRiveristhefirstlongestriverinourcountry.ThisisthemostboringmoviethatIhaveeverheard.副詞：Shesingsthebestofallthestudents.（所有學生中她唱得最好。）【標志詞】：the,in（在……范圍內(nèi)）,of（在……之中）,oneofthe+最高級+復數(shù)名詞（最……之一）【小試牛刀】I.單選1.Ofallthedrinks，teaisintheworld．Ithas5，000yearsofhistoryinChina．A．olderB．theoldestC．oldD．veryold2.MaYun，headofAlibaba，isoneofpersonsintheworld．A．richB．richerC．richestD．therichest3.—DoyouknowthatChinaisoneofcountriesintheworld?—Yes，Ido．It'smuchthantheUSA．A．oldest：olderB．theoldest：olderC．theoldest；elderD．theolder；elder4.Johnjumped________ofall,sohewonthegame.A.farB.fartherC.thefarthestD.farerII.用所給形容詞的適當形式填空，1.Whichlessonis_______________(difficult)inBook2?2.Thatwasoneof___________________(exciting)momentsin2008.3.Who’s______________(careful),Tom,JimorKate?4.Thatis______________(easy)ofall.5.IthinkEnglishisoneof_______________(important)subjectsinmiddleschool.三、高頻易錯點（避坑指南）1.最高級前漏“the”：錯誤：Heistallestinourclass.正確：Heisthetallestinourclass.（最高級前必須加the）2.比較級前多“the”：錯誤：Sheisthetallerthanme.正確：Sheistallerthanme.（比較級前一般不加the，除非特殊句型）3.as...as中間用比較級：錯誤：Heisastallerashisfather.正確：Heisastallashisfather.（as...as中間必須用原級）4.不規(guī)則變化記錯：錯誤：good→gooder→goodest正確：good→better→best（重點記good/well,bad/badly的變化）5.修飾比較級用“very”：錯誤：Sheisverytallerthanhim.正確：Sheismuchtallerthanhim.（修飾比較級用much/alittle，very修飾原級）四、專項練習題（含答案+解析）一、選擇題（每題5分，共50分）1.Thisskirtis______thanthatone.Ilikeitbetter.A.beautifulB.morebeautifulC.mostbeautifulD.themostbeautiful2.—Whoruns______inyourclass?—Tom.Heisthewinneroftheschoolrace.A.fastB.fasterC.fastestD.thefastest3.Theweathertodayis______thanyesterday.Wecangohiking.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest4.ShespeaksEnglish______thanhersister.Herteacheroftenpraisesher.A.clearB.clearerC.moreclearlyD.mostclearly5.Thismathproblemis______thanthelastone.Icansolveiteasily.A.easyB.easierC.easiestD.theeasiest6.—Howdoyoulikethismovie?—It’s______thantheoneIwatchedlastweek.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting7.Heis______studentinourclass.Healwaysgetsfullmarks.A.cleverB.clevererC.thecleverestD.moreclever8.Thewaterinthislakeisnot______clean______thatintheriver.A.as;asB.so;thanC.as;thanD.as;so9.______youstudy,______gradesyouwillget.A.Theharder;betterB.Harder;betterC.Theharder;thebetterD.Harder;thebetter10.Thisstorybookisoneof______booksinourschoollibrary.A.popularB.morepopularC.mostpopularD.themostpopular11.—Whichcityis______,BeijingorShanghai?—Botharebeautiful,butIthinkShanghaiismoremodern.A.bigB.biggerC.biggestD.thebiggest12.Thisisoneof______novelsIhaveeverread.Icouldn’tputitdown.A.interestingB.moreinterestingC.mostinterestingD.themostinteresting13.—Howwasyourweekend?—Great!Ihad______funthanIexpected.A.muchB.moreC.mostD.themost14.Shesings______thananyotherstudentinherclass.She’sthebestsinger.A.betterB.wellC.bestD.thebest15.Therearemanyoptimistic（樂觀的）peoplearoundus.personIhaveeverseenismydad！A.MostoptimisticB.OptimisticC.MoreoptimisticD.Themostoptimistic15.Youwillhavea_____understandingofkitesthanbefore.A.goodB.betterC.bestD.thebest17.Icriedandcriedbutitdidn’twork.Then,Ifelt___35___andpressedallthebuttonswithmyhands.Andallatthesametime,___36___asoundofbellfarawayringingandringing.Itwasthefirealarm.Ithoughtthewholebuildingwasonfire.IsaidtoGodquietly,“Justgetmeoutofhere.I’llneverdo___37___thingsagain.”35.A.helpful B.helpless C.helplessness D.helpfully36.A.therehave B.therehad C.thereis D.therewas37.A.good B.bad C.better D.worse二、填空題（每題5分，共20分）1.Mymothercooks______(well)thanmyfather.Everyonelikesherfood.2.Thisparkis______(beautiful)thantheonenearmyhome.Ivisititeveryweekend.3.Sheis______(careful)studentinourclass.Shenevermakesmistakes.4.The______(much)youread,the______(wise)youwillbe.5.Tomis______(tall)thanhisbrother.Heoftenhelpshisbrotherreachhighthings.6.Thisrestaurantservesthe______(delicious)foodinourtown.Weofteneathere.7.Shewrites______(carefully)thananyotherstudentinherclass.Herhomeworkisalwaysneat.8.The______(many)booksyouread,the______(rich)yourknowledgewillbe.9.Heisfeeling______(good)todaythanyesterday.Hecangotoschoolnow.三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換（每題5分，共15分）1.Tomrunsfast.Jimrunsfaster.（合并為一句，用than）Jimruns____________Tom.2.ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.（改為比較級，thananyotherbook）Thisbookis____________thananyotherbookIhaveeverread.3.Sheiscareful.Hersisterismorecareful.（合并為一句，用notas...as）Sheis__________________hersister.語法選擇專練1Areyoudreamingoffuturetravelstospace？Yourdreamwilletruesoon.It’sreportedthatpeoplewillhave11“outoftheworld”experiencebystayingatahotelhighabovetheearthin2027.

Thehotel12VoyagerSpaceStation(VSS).Itislikeaferriswheel(摩天輪).Therewillberooms，restaurants，bars，gyms，readingroomsandscientificresearchlaboratories.It’secofriendly(環(huán)保的)bygettingpowerfromthesun.Itwillhaveroomsfor13than300people，includingscientists，astronauts，andevensomepeopletolivethereforalongtime.You’llhavetopay5million14foreach3daystay.

Thehotel15traditional“spacefood”—likefreezedriedicecream.You’regoingtohavethetopchefsmaking16goodfood.Youcangoonspacewalkstoenjoythebeauty17theearthandspace.Youcanenjoy32sunrisesandsunsetseachday.

“ThebuildingoftheVSSwillstartinweleitsfirstvisitorsin2027.19willbetheworld’sfirstspacehotel.We’retrying20peoplerealizethatthisgoldenageofspacetravelisjustaroundthecorner.It’singfast，”scientistssay.

（）11.A.a B.an C.the（）12.A.call B.called C.iscalled（）13.A.many B.more C.most（）14.A.dollar B.dollars C.dollar’s（）15.A.served B.serves C.willserve（）16.A.realB.reallyC.realize（）17.A.of B.inC.on（）18.A.orB.butC.and（）19.A.It B.It’s C.Its（）20.A.make B.making C.tomake2WangYiyiisanexcellentBeijingOpera(京劇)artist.Shewasbornandraised21villageinHebeiprovince.Shelovedsinginganddancing22shewasalittlegirl.Shewashermusic23favoritestudent.Oneday,theteache