第一章分?jǐn)?shù)的初步認(rèn)識第二章分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法第三章分?jǐn)?shù)的乘除法第四章分?jǐn)?shù)的應(yīng)用第五章分?jǐn)?shù)的混合運(yùn)算01第一章分?jǐn)?shù)的初步認(rèn)識分?jǐn)?shù)的引入生活場景引入數(shù)學(xué)問題提出實(shí)際生活實(shí)例通過日常生活場景引入分?jǐn)?shù)的概念，幫助學(xué)生理解分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際意義。通過數(shù)學(xué)問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考分?jǐn)?shù)的定義和表示方法。通過實(shí)際生活實(shí)例展示分?jǐn)?shù)的應(yīng)用，幫助學(xué)生理解分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際意義。分?jǐn)?shù)的定義分?jǐn)?shù)的表示分?jǐn)?shù)由分子和分母組成，分子表示總份數(shù)中的一份，分母表示總份數(shù)。具體例子小明有1個(gè)蘋果，要平均分給3個(gè)朋友，每個(gè)人能分到(frac{1}{3})個(gè)蘋果。分?jǐn)?shù)的讀法(frac{1}{3})讀作“三分之一”。分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法圖形表示用圓形或長方形表示一個(gè)整體，然后將其分成若干等份，涂色部分表示分?jǐn)?shù)。畫一個(gè)圓形，將其分成4等份，涂色2份，表示(frac{2}{4})。(frac{2}{4})可以簡化為(frac{1}{2})，因?yàn)?和4有公因數(shù)2。具體操作畫一個(gè)圓形，將其分成4等份，涂色2份，表示(frac{2}{4})。(frac{2}{4})可以簡化為(frac{1}{2})，因?yàn)?和4有公因數(shù)2。通過具體操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解分?jǐn)?shù)的表示方法。分?jǐn)?shù)的比較比較方法具體例子結(jié)論通過圖形或?qū)嶋H操作比較兩個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)的大小。比較(frac{1}{2})和(frac{1}{3})的大小。(frac{1}{2})大于(frac{1}{3})，因?yàn)閷⒄w分成2份的每一份比分成3份的每一份大。02第二章分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法引入生活場景引入數(shù)學(xué)問題提出實(shí)際生活實(shí)例通過日常生活場景引入分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法，幫助學(xué)生理解分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法的實(shí)際意義。通過數(shù)學(xué)問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法的定義和表示方法。通過實(shí)際生活實(shí)例展示分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法的應(yīng)用，幫助學(xué)生理解分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法的實(shí)際意義。同分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法定義同分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法，分母保持不變，分子相加減。具體例子(frac{1}{4}+frac{1}{4}=frac{2}{4})，(frac{2}{4})可以簡化為(frac{1}{2})。操作步驟1.保持分母不變；2.分子相加減；3.簡化分?jǐn)?shù)。異分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法定義異分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法，需要先通分，然后進(jìn)行加減運(yùn)算。通過圖形和文字解釋異分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法的定義和表示方法。通過實(shí)際操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解異分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法。具體例子(frac{1}{3}+frac{1}{4})。通過具體例子，學(xué)生可以理解異分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法的操作步驟。通過實(shí)際操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解異分母分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法。分?jǐn)?shù)的加減法應(yīng)用實(shí)際應(yīng)用計(jì)算過程結(jié)論小明吃了(frac{1}{5})個(gè)面包，小紅吃了(frac{2}{5})個(gè)面包，他們一共吃了多少個(gè)面包？(frac{1}{5}+frac{2}{5}=frac{3}{5})。他們一共吃了(frac{3}{5})個(gè)面包。03第三章分?jǐn)?shù)的乘除法分?jǐn)?shù)的乘法引入生活場景引入數(shù)學(xué)問題提出實(shí)際生活實(shí)例通過日常生活場景引入分?jǐn)?shù)的乘法，幫助學(xué)生理解分?jǐn)?shù)的乘法的實(shí)際意義。通過數(shù)學(xué)問題引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考分?jǐn)?shù)的乘法的定義和表示方法。通過實(shí)際生活實(shí)例展示分?jǐn)?shù)的乘法的應(yīng)用，幫助學(xué)生理解分?jǐn)?shù)的乘法的實(shí)際意義。分?jǐn)?shù)的乘法運(yùn)算定義分?jǐn)?shù)的乘法，將兩個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)的分子相乘，分母相乘。具體例子(frac{1}{2} imesfrac{1}{3}=frac{1 imes1}{2 imes3}=frac{1}{6})。操作步驟1.分子相乘；2.分母相乘；3.簡化分?jǐn)?shù)。分?jǐn)?shù)的除法引入定義分?jǐn)?shù)的除法，將除數(shù)的分子與被除數(shù)的分母相乘，被除數(shù)的分子與除數(shù)的分母相乘。通過圖形和文字解釋分?jǐn)?shù)的除法的定義和表示方法。通過實(shí)際操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解分?jǐn)?shù)的除法。具體例子(frac{1}{3}divfrac{1}{6})。通過具體例子，學(xué)生可以理解分?jǐn)?shù)的除法的操作步驟。通過實(shí)際操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解分?jǐn)?shù)的除法。分?jǐn)?shù)的除法運(yùn)算定義具體例子操作步驟分?jǐn)?shù)的除法，將除數(shù)的分子與被除數(shù)的分母相乘，被除數(shù)的分子與除數(shù)的分母相乘。(frac{1}{3}divfrac{1}{6}=frac{1 imes6}{3 imes1}=frac{6}{3}=2)。1.將除數(shù)的分子與被除數(shù)的分母相乘；2.將被除數(shù)的分子與除數(shù)的分母相乘；3.簡化分?jǐn)?shù)。04第四章分?jǐn)?shù)的應(yīng)用分?jǐn)?shù)在實(shí)際生活中的應(yīng)用生活場景引入數(shù)學(xué)問題提出實(shí)際生活實(shí)例小華有(frac{1}{2})個(gè)披薩，他吃了(frac{1}{3})個(gè)，然后他又吃了(frac{1}{6})個(gè)，他一共吃了多少？如果小華再吃(frac{1}{2})個(gè)披薩的(frac{1}{3})，他一共吃了多少？小麗有(frac{1}{4})個(gè)蛋糕，她吃了(frac{1}{2})個(gè)，然后她又吃了(frac{1}{8})個(gè)，她一共吃了多少？分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際計(jì)算具體例子小華有(frac{1}{2})個(gè)披薩，他吃了(frac{1}{3})個(gè)，他剩下(frac{1}{6})個(gè)。計(jì)算過程(frac{1}{2}-frac{1}{3}=frac{3}{6}-frac{2}{6}=frac{1}{6})。結(jié)論小華剩下(frac{1}{6})個(gè)披薩。分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題問題1問題2問題3小華有(frac{1}{4})個(gè)蛋糕，他吃了(frac{1}{8})個(gè)，他剩下多少？通過具體例子，學(xué)生可以理解分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題。通過實(shí)際操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題。小麗有(frac{1}{3})個(gè)面包，她吃了(frac{1}{6})個(gè)，她剩下多少？通過具體例子，學(xué)生可以理解分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題。通過實(shí)際操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題。小華有(frac{1}{5})個(gè)披薩，他每次吃(frac{1}{10})個(gè)，他一共能吃多少次？通過具體例子，學(xué)生可以理解分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題。通過實(shí)際操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用問題。分?jǐn)?shù)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用答案答案1答案2答案3(frac{1}{4}-frac{1}{8}=frac{2}{8}-frac{1}{8}=frac{1}{8})。(frac{1}{3}-frac{1}{6}=frac{2}{6}-frac{1}{6}=frac{1}{6})。(frac{1}{5}divfrac{1}{10}=frac{2}{10}=frac{1}{5})。05第五章分?jǐn)?shù)的混合運(yùn)算分?jǐn)?shù)的混合運(yùn)算引入生活場景引入數(shù)學(xué)問題提出實(shí)際生活實(shí)例小華有(frac{1}{2})個(gè)披薩，他吃了(frac{1}{3})個(gè)，然后他又吃了(frac{1}{6})個(gè)，他一共吃了多少？如果小華再吃(frac{1}{2})個(gè)披薩的(frac{1}{3})，他一共吃了多少？小麗有(frac{1}{4})個(gè)蛋糕，她吃了(frac{1}{2})個(gè)，然后她又吃了(frac{1}{8})個(gè)，她一共吃了多少？分?jǐn)?shù)的混合運(yùn)算規(guī)則規(guī)則1先乘除后加減。規(guī)則2如果有括號，先計(jì)算括號內(nèi)的部分。規(guī)則3分母相同的情況下，分子相加減。規(guī)則4分母不同的情況下，先通分，然后分子相加減。分?jǐn)?shù)的混合運(yùn)算實(shí)例實(shí)例1實(shí)例2實(shí)例3(frac{1}{2}+frac{1}{3}-frac{1}{6})。通過具體例子，學(xué)生可以理解分?jǐn)?shù)的混合運(yùn)算實(shí)例。通過實(shí)際操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解分?jǐn)?shù)的混合運(yùn)算實(shí)例。(frac{1}{4} imesfrac{1}{2}+frac{1}{8})。通過具體例子，學(xué)生可以理解分?jǐn)?shù)的混合運(yùn)算實(shí)例。通過實(shí)際操作，學(xué)生可以直觀地理解分?jǐn)?shù)的混合運(yùn)算實(shí)例。(frac{1}{3}divfrac{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}{}