熱點(diǎn)01」閱讀理解（熱點(diǎn)話題）

2023年高考英語(yǔ)【熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)】專練

（新高考專用）

命題趨勢(shì)

從新高考閱讀理解兩年（2021-2022）之體裁和主題（參看本系列資料重難點(diǎn)01-2專題中的統(tǒng)計(jì)表）看，

兩年所考的應(yīng)用文所涉及的都是“廣而告之”的內(nèi)容；高考說(shuō)明文題材的命題變化不大，一直很穩(wěn)定，

其話題通常是各學(xué)科的前沿問(wèn)題、科技領(lǐng)域的最新科研成果（介紹最新科技、重大成就、新產(chǎn)品、新工藝）

等：人們比較關(guān)心的社會(huì)問(wèn)題和令人好奇的自然現(xiàn)象；以及人文地理、風(fēng)土人情等等；此外還有涉及多

種話題的記敘文。在“三新（新課標(biāo)新教材新高考）”背景下，2023年是否要考涉及多種話題的“議論文”

體裁的閱讀理解，我們將拭目以待。不過(guò)，本著“未雨綢繆、有備無(wú)患”的精神，對(duì)于議論文的閱讀理

解^題我們還是要予以關(guān)注的。

1滿分技巧

一、瀏覽全文，確定題材，提煉話題

二、審讀題干，判斷題型，尋找依據(jù)

審讀題干：審讀題目和四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)，弄懂所要考查的內(nèi)容；甄別題型：判斷是考查細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推

理判斷題、主旨大意題，還是考查詞/句義猜測(cè)題：然后再讀全文在原文中尋找答案的依據(jù)。

三、活用方法，仔細(xì)推敲.搞定答案

靈活運(yùn)用本系列資料重難點(diǎn)01-1專題中所介紹的方法，仔細(xì)推敲原文中與答案相關(guān)的依據(jù)，比對(duì)備

選項(xiàng)，最終搞定答案。

【經(jīng)典考例】（2022?新高考】卷）

A

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Bulow60,E.

Essays（60%）

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:EssayI=10%;

Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%

GroupAssignments（30%）

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments（作業(yè)）duringthecourse.Alltheassignmentswill

besubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.

DailyVVork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupVVork/Homework（10%）

Classactivitieswillvaryfroirdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsor

testsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion.soitisimportant

totakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedin

classorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichvzilibegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitis

notturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclass

willgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.

21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.C.Acourseplan.D.Anacademicarticle.

22.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenalest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.

【體裁】應(yīng)用文

【話題】辦法介紹

文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分的辦法。

21【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。此題考查文章來(lái)源,根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“GradingPoliciesforIntroductionto

Litcraturc(文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法)”和F面的小黑體標(biāo)題Essays(60%),Group

Assignments(30%),DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%),Late

Work(作文(60%)、小組作業(yè)(30%)、日常作業(yè)/課堂寫作和測(cè)試〃卜組作業(yè)/家庭作業(yè)(10%)、遲

到作業(yè))可知，文章介紹了文學(xué)概論課程評(píng)分辦法，可得出本文是出自一個(gè)課程計(jì)劃，故選

C項(xiàng)。

22【答案】B

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小黑體標(biāo)題Essays(60%),GroupAssignments(30%),DailyWork/In-Class

WritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%),LateWork——作文(60%)、小組作業(yè)(30%)、

日常作業(yè)/課堂寫作和測(cè)試/小組作業(yè)/家庭作業(yè)(10%),可知學(xué)生的最終成績(jī)由3部分組成，

故選B項(xiàng)。

23【答案】A

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"aftertheduedate”定位到原文“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturned

inbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果沒有在截止日期后的第4天上交，將

會(huì)得到零分)“可知，如果在截止口期后一周才交文章，你將會(huì)得零分。選項(xiàng)中的“receiveazero-

和原文中的“earnazero”是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故選A項(xiàng)。

B

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanice

greensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinner

invitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihad

unthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,,4foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,“as

ElizabethRoytcwritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrown

away-froni"ugly”(buiquiteualal)lc)vcgclablcsrejectedbygrocerslolargeamountsofuncalciidishesthrown

intorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastes(hewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedlogrowit.Thaimakesfood

wasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethird

largestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtin

seesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlast

days.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthy

meals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,50()poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有

瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,and

freezeordry(hemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,

whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonot

includethesidedishyouwon'teat.”Curtinsays.

24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.

25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

26.Wha(doesCurlin'scompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.

C.IthelpslocalfarmersgrowfruitsD.Ilmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.

27.WhatdocsCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

【體裁】說(shuō)明文

【話題】保護(hù)自然資源

用實(shí)際行動(dòng)減少食物浪費(fèi)。

24【答案】B

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"thearugulastory”可定位到原文的第一段。由“Likemostofus,

Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.（像我們大多數(shù)人一樣，我努力關(guān)注那些被浪費(fèi)的

食物）”以及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglybought

waytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.（但隨著時(shí)間的推移，芝麻菜變

壞了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地買了太多東西：我扔掉的東西可以做六份沙拉）“可推知，

作者想通過(guò)講述芝麻菜的故事來(lái)表明我們有時(shí)會(huì)無(wú)意間浪費(fèi)食物。選項(xiàng)中的“wastefood

unintentionally”和原文中的'"unthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch”是同義轉(zhuǎn)換,故選B。

25【答案】B

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"foodwaste”可?定位到原文第三段。第三段“Producingfoodthat

nooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother,resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwastean

environmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,4<iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethird

largestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”（生產(chǎn)沒人吃的食物會(huì)浪費(fèi)用于種植食物的

水、燃料和其他資源。這使得食物浪費(fèi)成為一個(gè)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。事實(shí)上，羅伊特寫道，“如果食

物浪費(fèi)是一個(gè)國(guó)家，它將是世界上第三大溫室氣體排放國(guó)?？芍?，根據(jù)文中的說(shuō)法，浪

費(fèi)食物的一個(gè)后果是對(duì)環(huán)境有危害。選項(xiàng)中的“Environmentalharm”和原文“makesfoodwaste

anenvironmentalproblem”是同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故選B。

26【答案】D

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"CurtWscompany”可定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段。根據(jù)“Curtinis

CEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthy

meals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsand

collectingblemished（有瑕疵的）produce,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthe

strawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.（科

廷是華盛頓DC中央廚房的首席執(zhí)行官，該公司把食物復(fù)原，變成健康的食物。去年，該組

織通過(guò)接受捐贈(zèng)和收集有瑕疵的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，收回了超過(guò)807500磅的食物，否則這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品就

會(huì)在地里腐爛。至于草蔣呢？志愿者們將清洗、切割、冷凍或干燥它們，以便在路上的餐食

中使用戶可知，DCCentralKitchen是回收食物并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為健康的膳食的?家公司。選項(xiàng)中

的"makesmealsoutofunwantedfood”是原文中的“recoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals'

的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故選D。

27【答案】A

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"Curtin”可定位到原文最后一段Curtin說(shuō)的話。根據(jù)“"Everyone

canplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyour

weeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,“Curtin

says.（“每個(gè)人都可以在減少浪費(fèi)方面發(fā)揮作用，無(wú)論是在每周的購(gòu)物中不購(gòu)買不必要的食

物，還是要求餐館不包括你不吃的配菜，"科廷說(shuō)）“可知，科廷建議人們只買需要的東西來(lái)

避免浪費(fèi)食物。選項(xiàng)中的“Buyonlywliatisneeded”是原文中的“notpurchasingmorefoodthan

necessary”同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故選A。

C

Theelderlyresidents(居民)incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookafter(ostop(hemfeeling

lonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善組織)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople's

wellbeing.Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincare

homeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-ycar-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenI

wasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool.M

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddown

thereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed.”

“It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidents

comeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomething

useful.”

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhas

beengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:

^Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectand(hecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothe

benefitsandfiintheprojectcanbringtopeoplehcre.,,

LynnLewis,directorofNoltingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartin(heproject.1(will

reallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivitics.^^

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromoietheelderlypeople'swelfare,

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon''meaninparagraph7?

A.improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstcbemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

【體裁】新聞報(bào)道（夾敘夾議文）

【話題】關(guān)愛他人

養(yǎng)雞提升老年人幸福感。

28【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"theproject”定位到原文第二段。根據(jù)“Theprojectwasdreamed

upbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing（該項(xiàng)

目是當(dāng)?shù)匾患掖壬茩C(jī)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)意，旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況）”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的

目的是為了提高老年人的幸福。選項(xiàng)中的“promotetheelderlypeople'swelfare”是原文中的

“reducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing”同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故選D。

29【答案】B

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"RuthXavier”定位到文章第五段。根據(jù)“"Msgoodtohavea

differentfbcus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeand

sitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedone

somethinguseful."（有不同的關(guān)注點(diǎn)很好。人們把自己的孩子帶進(jìn)來(lái)看母雞，居民們也來(lái)外面

坐著看它們。我喜歡創(chuàng)造性的活動(dòng)，做一些有用的事情的感覺很好）“可推知，RuthXavier

通過(guò)該項(xiàng)目獲得了一種成就感。選項(xiàng)中的“gainedasenseofachievement”是原文中的"itfeels

greattohavedonesomethinguseful”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故選

30【答案】C

【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"embarkon”定位到文章倒數(shù)第二段。根據(jù)“Residentsreally

welcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefits

andfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)H的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期

待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂趣）”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst（第一批人之

一）”可知WendyWilson是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin（開始）”含

義相近，故選C。

31【答案】A

【解析】推理判斷題.根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“thelasttwoparagraphs”定位到原文最后兩段.根據(jù)文章倒

數(shù)第二段"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Weare

lookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該

項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來(lái)好處和樂趣）”以及最后一段

“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:uWcarchappytobetakingpartinthe

project.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreative

activities.”（“諾丁山路徑”的負(fù)責(zé)人林恩?劉易斯說(shuō):我們很高興能參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。它將通過(guò)共同

的興趣和創(chuàng)造性活動(dòng)真正幫助我們的居民聯(lián)系起來(lái)）”可知，該項(xiàng)目的反響很好。選項(xiàng)中的“It

iswellreceived”是原文中的“Wearchappytobetakingpartintheproject.”的歸納總結(jié)，故選A。

D

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicks

ofsonicsouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarccertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,

five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsIhatarenowfoundin

halftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas'f

and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.Nowateamofresearchersledby

DamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhewandwhythistrendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofanciemhumanadultswerealigned(對(duì)齊)，makingit

hardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouching(helowerliptoiheupperteeth.Laier,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbilesiruclure(結(jié)構(gòu)),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

Theteamshowedthat(hischangeinbitewasconnectedwith(hedevelopmentofagricultureinthe

Neolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandso

didn'tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworld

languagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof'f'and"v"increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepapularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeings

evolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsounds\vcusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesince

theappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductof

acomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution/'saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddocsDamianBlasi'sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment,

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayabout(hesetofhumanspeechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.

【體裁】說(shuō)明文

【話題】科研報(bào)告

飲食變化帶來(lái)發(fā)音變化。

32【答案】D

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞DamianBlasi,定位到文章第二段最后一句Nowateamof

researchersledbyDamianBlasiat(heUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhy

thistrendarose.(現(xiàn)在，由瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)的達(dá)米安?布拉西領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一個(gè)研究小組已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了這

種趨勢(shì)是如何以及為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)的),根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholar

CharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f'and"v",weremore

commoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfaods.(30多年前，學(xué)者CharlesHockett注意

到，被稱為唇齒音II勺語(yǔ)音，如和"v”，在吃軟食物的社會(huì)的語(yǔ)言中更常見。廠可知Damian

Blasi的研究重點(diǎn)是在語(yǔ)言的演變上，故選D項(xiàng)。

33【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“ancienthumanadults”定位到第三段。根據(jù)“Theydiscoveredthat

theupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned,makingithardloproduce

labiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjaws

changedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.6也彳門發(fā)現(xiàn)，古人類的

上門牙和下門牙是對(duì)齊的，因此很難產(chǎn)生唇齒音，唇齒音是通過(guò)下唇接觸上牙齒而形成的。

后來(lái)，我們的下款變成了覆蓋咬合結(jié)構(gòu)，更容易發(fā)出這樣的聲音）”可知，因?yàn)楣糯赡耆说?/p>

下顆結(jié)構(gòu)使他們很難發(fā)出唇齒音。選項(xiàng)中的“Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured”是原

文的“theupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthmranadultswerealigned”以及“Later,ourjaws

changedloanoverbieslruclure”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，故選C項(xiàng)。

34【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“paragraph5”定位到第五段，根據(jù)“Analysesofalanguage

databasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthe

soNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f'and"v"increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousand

years.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopleloday.（對(duì)

語(yǔ)言數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的分析還證實(shí)，新石器時(shí)代之后，世界語(yǔ)言的聲音發(fā)生了全球變化，和“v”的

使用在過(guò)去幾千年中顯著增加。這些聲音在今天許多狩獵采集者的語(yǔ)言中仍然找不到）”可知,

第五段主要是通過(guò)列明數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果來(lái)進(jìn)一步證明研究結(jié)果，故選A項(xiàng)。

35【答案】C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"StevenMoran”定位到文章最后一段。根據(jù)“Thesetofspeech

soundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,but

ratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwcfindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplay

ofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,“saidStevenMoran,amemberofthe

researchteam.（研究小組成員StevenMoran說(shuō)：“自從人類出現(xiàn)以來(lái)，我們使用的語(yǔ)音1不一

定保持穩(wěn)定，我們今天發(fā)現(xiàn)的各種語(yǔ)音都是生物變化和文化進(jìn)化等復(fù)雜相互作用的產(chǎn)物。”）

可知，SlevenMoran認(rèn)為語(yǔ)音是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的動(dòng)態(tài)系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)中的“complexanddynamicsystem”

是原文中的“ratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofa

complexinterplayofthings”的同義轉(zhuǎn)換?故選C項(xiàng)。

J限時(shí)檢測(cè)

Passage1

（2023?云南師大附中模擬預(yù)測(cè)）SomefreethingstodoinBangkoktogetmorebangforyourbaht（泰銖）.

ChatuchakWeekendMarket

Oneofthelargestmarketsintheworld,ChatuchakisasimplyunforgettableBangkokexperience,evenif

youdon'tplanonbuyinganything.It'sfreetovisitandtherearemerethan15,000stallstoexplorefrom

antiquesandsouvenirstousedtrainers,minialure（微縮模型）foodofferingsforspirithousesandlivefrogs.

Thefullmarketoperatesfrom9amto6pmonSaturdayandSunday.You'dbetterarriveby10amtobeat

thecrowdsandtheheat.

Papaya

Technically,manyoftheobjectsinthiscelebratedfour-storyantiquestorearcforsale,butpricesforthe

owner'scollectionof19th-and20th-centuryartifactsarcsoastronomicallyhighthatthecollectionneverseems

toexhaust.Instead,manyseePapayaasamuseumofrecentnostalgia（懷舊）,andit'sagreatplacetobrowse

withoutanypressuretobuy.

BangkokDollFactory&Museum

ThisworkshopwasfoundedbyThaidollenthusiastKhunyingChandavimolin1956aftershecompleteda

doll-makingcourseinJapan.HerdollsdrawonThaimythologyandvarioushistoricalperiods,andthecollection

includessome400dollsfromaroundtheworld,plusimportantpiecesfromherownworkshop,whereyoucan

watchthefiguresbeingcraftedbyhandforfree.

Themuseumistrickytofind;lakealaxifromBTSPhayaThaiandget（hedrivertocallthemuseumfor

directions.

Chinatown

Thickwiththescentoftraditionalherbalmedicines,Bangkok'sChinatownoffersasensoryexperiencethat

youwon'tfindanywhereelseinthecity.ThenarrowmarketalleysoffYaowaratRoadarccrammedwith（塞滿）

bird's-ncstsouprestaurants,danglinglanterns,gaudygoldandjadeshops,andflashingneonsignsinChinese

characters.ItisBangkok'smostcrowdedneighborhood,wherehalfthefiinisingettingcompletelylost.

1.Whichofthefollowingwillbeyourbestchoice,ifyouarclookingfora1960stypewriter?

A.ChatuchakorPapaya.B.ChatuchakorChinatown.

C.PapayaorBangkokDollFactory.D.PapayaorChinatown.

2.Whichplaceisalittlebithardtoarriveat?

A.Chatuchak.B.Papaya.

C.BangkokDollFactory.D.Chinatown.

3.Whatdothefourplaceshaveincommon?

A.Alloftheobjectsforsaleareexpensive.B.Visitorscanalwaysfinddeliciousfoodthere.

C.Youcanjustwindowshopasyoulike.D.Youareable（ovisittheplacesanytime.

【體裁】應(yīng)用文

【話題】旅游購(gòu)物廣告

四處到泰國(guó)旅游購(gòu)物可以只逛不買的好去處。

1.【答案】A

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChatuchakWeekendMarket部分中的“It'sfreetovisitandtherearemorethan

15,000stallstoexplorefromantiquesandsouvenirstousedtrainers,miniature（微縮模型）food

offeringsforspirilhousesandlivefrogs.（它是免費(fèi)參觀的，有超過(guò)15000個(gè)攤位可供探索，從古

董和紀(jì)念品到二手運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋，為靈屋和活青蛙提供的微型食品）”和Papaya部分中的“Technically,

manyoftheobjectsinthiscelebratedfour-storyantiquestorearefbrsale,butpricesfbrtheowner's

collectionof19th-and20th-centuryartifactsaresoastronomicallyhighthatthecollectionnever

seemst。exhaust.（從技術(shù)上講，這家著名的四層古堇店中的許多物品都在出售，但業(yè)主收藏的

19世紀(jì)和20世紀(jì)文物的價(jià)格如此之高，以至于收藏品似乎永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)耗盡）”可知，這兩個(gè)地

方都收藏了很多的古董，很有可能找到20世紀(jì)60年代的打字機(jī)，故選A項(xiàng)。

2.【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BangkokDollFactory&Museum部分中的“Themuseumistrickytofind;take

ataxifromBTSPhayaThaiandgetthedrivertocallth?museumfordirections.（博物館很難找到；

從BTSPhayaThai乘坐出租車，讓司機(jī)打電話給博物館問(wèn)路）”可知，要去該博物館，出租車司

機(jī)都要打電話問(wèn)路。由此可知，找到該博物館不易，故選C項(xiàng)。

3【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章開頭“SomefreethingstodoinBangkoktogetmorebangforyourbaht（泰

銖）.（在曼谷做一些免費(fèi)的事情，讓你的泰銖獲得更多的收益）“可知，本文介紹的這四個(gè)去處都

可以不用花錢就可以看看的地方，C選項(xiàng)中的windowshop意為“只看不買”符合題意，故選C

項(xiàng)。

Passage2

（2023?廣州市統(tǒng)考二模）Asmalldevicenobiggerthanatoasterhasgeneratedoxygenonthesurfaceof

Mars,bringingthechancesofsurvivingontheredplanetastepcloser.

TheMarsOxygenIn-SituResourceUtilizationExperiment,betterknownasMoxie,hasbeengenerating

oxygenfromtheatmosphereonMars,aspartofNasa'sPerseverancerover（漫游者）mission.

Moxieproducedbreathableoxygeninsevenhour-longtestsconductedinvariousweatherandalmosphere

conditionssincelanding.Duringeachtest,thedeviceproducedsixgramsofoxygen,aboutthesameasasmall

treeandenoughtosustainanastronautfor15minutes.It'salsofbundthateveninextremetemperaturesandafter

aMartianduststorm,Moxiecontinuedtoproducehigh-purityoxygen.

“Thisisthefirstdemonstrationofactuallyusingresourcesonthesurfaceofanotherplanetandtransforming

themchemicallyintosomethingthatwouldbeusefiilfbrahutnanmission,“saidJeffHoffinan,aretiredastronaut

andprofessoratMIT.

NasaandtheMITteamareplanningtobuildabiggerversionofMoxie,astheyhopeadvancedmodelswill

produceenoughoxygentosupportacrewedmissiontoMars."WehavetobringalotofstufffromEarthto

supportahumanmission,butoxygenisabigproblem.Ifyoucanmakeitthere,gofbritandyou'rewayahead

ofthegame/'Hoffinansaid.

Thedeviceusespumpsthatabsorbincarbondioxidewhichisheatedto800℃andprocessedtoseparate

thecarbonandoxygen.Carbonmonoxide（一氧"（匕碳）isemittedaswastewhilethepureoxygenisleftbehind.

ExpandingthedevicetosupportahumanmissiontoMarspresentschallenges.Itisneededtorun

continuouslyfor400days,aleapfromtheone-hourtestsanditsinnertemperatureshouldbecontrolledstably.

MoxiehasprovedtoenduretheextremeconditionsonMars,however,andtheteamplanstoassessthe

machine'slimitsinthecomingmonthswhenatmosphereisthickandcarbondioxidelevelsarehigh.Theysay

theyjustwanttoseteverythingashighastheydareandmakeasmuchoxygenastheycan.

1.WhatcanwelearnaboutMoxie?

A.Itworkswellinaseriesoftests.B.Itaimstopurifybreathableoxygen.

C.Itisstoppedbyextremeconditions.D.Itproduceso