心內(nèi)科專業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯測(cè)試題庫(kù)及答案解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（每題2分，共20題）1.Thepatientpresentswithacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI),whichischaracterizedby:A.SuddencardiacdeathB.PersistentarrhythmiaC.MyocardialnecrosisduetoprolongedischemiaD.Chronicheartfailure正確答案：C解析：AMI（急性心肌梗死）的核心病理機(jī)制是心肌缺血時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞壞死，A、B、D均為其他心臟疾病的特征。2.Whichantiplateletagentiscontraindicatedinpatientswithsevererenalimpairment?A.AspirinB.ClopidogrelC.TicagrelorD.Alloftheabove正確答案：D解析：Ticagrelor（替格瑞洛）在重度腎功能不全患者中需減量或禁用，而Aspirin（阿司匹林）需謹(jǐn)慎調(diào)整劑量，Clopidogrel（氯吡格雷）需調(diào)整劑量，但未絕對(duì)禁用。3.A65-year-oldmalewithahistoryofhypertensionanddiabetesisdiagnosedwithheartfailurewithreducedejectionfraction(HFrEF).Whichdrugisacornerstoneoftherapy?A.Beta-blockerB.DiureticC.ACEinhibitorD.Aldosteroneantagonist正確答案：C解析：HFrEF治療首選ACEI（或ARB）以改善預(yù)后，β受體阻滯劑、利尿劑、醛固酮受體拮抗劑均為輔助治療。4.Theterm"myocarditis"refersto:A.InflammationofthepericardiumB.InflammationofthemyocardiumC.InflammationofthecoronaryarteriesD.Inflammationoftheaorta正確答案：B解析：Myocarditis（心肌炎）指心肌炎癥，A為pericarditis（心包炎），C為coronaryarteryinflammation（冠狀動(dòng)脈炎），D為aortitis（主動(dòng)脈炎）。5.Whichelectrolyteimbalanceismostcommonlyassociatedwithdiuretictherapyinheartfailure?A.HyperkalemiaB.HyponatremiaC.HypokalemiaD.Hypercalcemia正確答案：C解析：利尿劑易導(dǎo)致低鉀血癥，需監(jiān)測(cè)血鉀水平，高鈉血癥少見(jiàn)，高鈣血癥與心衰治療無(wú)關(guān)。6.Apatientwithanewdiagnosisofatrialfibrillation(AFib)isevaluatedforanticoagulation.Whichfactorincreasestheriskofstroke?A.Age<65yearsB.HypertensionC.FemalesexD.Noneoftheabove正確答案：B解析：高血壓是AFib卒中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的重要獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素，年齡、女性性別也有影響，但高血壓更直接。7.The"Lown-Ganong-Levinson(LGL)syndrome"isassociatedwith:A.LongQTsyndrometype1B.ShortQTsyndromeC.BrugadasyndromeD.Wolff-Parkinson-White(WPW)syndrome正確答案：A解析：LGL綜合征是一種Brugada樣心電圖表現(xiàn)，但伴QT延長(zhǎng)，需與WPW等鑒別。8.Whichcoronaryarterysuppliestheanteriorwalloftheleftventricle?A.Rightcoronaryartery(RCA)B.Leftanteriordescendingartery(LAD)C.Leftcircumflexartery(LCx)D.Leftmaincoronaryartery(LMCA)正確答案：B解析：LAD（左前降支）支配心室前壁，RCA（右冠狀動(dòng)脈）支配右心室及后壁，LCx（左旋支）支配左心室側(cè)壁。9.The"Miyatatest"isusedtoassess:A.VentriculararrhythmiasB.ConductionabnormalitiesC.PericardialeffusionD.Coronaryarterystenosis正確答案：B解析：Miyata試驗(yàn)通過(guò)運(yùn)動(dòng)誘發(fā)房室傳導(dǎo)阻滯，用于評(píng)估心臟電生理功能。10.Whichmedicationisafirst-linetreatmentforstableangina?A.WarfarinB.NitroglycerinC.AmiodaroneD.Furosemide正確答案：B解析：硝酸甘油為穩(wěn)定型心絞痛的速效藥物，Warfarin（華法林）用于房顫抗凝，Amiodarone（胺碘酮）用于心律失常，F(xiàn)urosemide（呋塞米）為利尿劑。二、填空題（每題2分，共10題）1.TheabbreviationEKG/ECGstandsforelectrocardiogram.2.TheHDL(high-densitylipoprotein)cholesterolisknownas"good"cholesterol.3.Bradycardiaisdefinedasaheartrate<60beatsperminute.4.TheEisenmenger’ssyndromeoccurswhenpulmonaryhypertensionleadstoright-to-leftshunting.5.Stenosisreferstothenarrowingofavalveorartery.6.ThePwaveonanECGrepresentsatrialdepolarization.7.Myocardialstunningisareversiblemyocardialdysfunctionafterischemia.8.TheQRScomplexrepresentsventriculardepolarization.9.Tako-Tsubocardiomyopathyisalsoknownas"brokenheartsyndrome."10.Echocardiographyisadiagnostictestthatusesultrasoundtovisualizeheartstructureandfunction.三、判斷題（每題1分，共10題）1.TrueorFalse?Atrialfibrillationincreasestheriskofstroke.正確答案：True解析：AFib導(dǎo)致心房收縮功能喪失，易形成血栓，增加卒中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2.TrueorFalse?Aspirinisanantiplateletdrugusedinmyocardialinfarction.正確答案：True解析：阿司匹林抑制血小板聚集，是心梗二級(jí)預(yù)防的基礎(chǔ)藥物。3.TrueorFalse?Hypertensionisariskfactorforheartfailure.正確答案：True解析：長(zhǎng)期高血壓加重心臟負(fù)荷，易導(dǎo)致心功能不全。4.TrueorFalse?Beta-blockersarecontraindicatedinheartfailure.正確答案：False解析：β受體阻滯劑可降低心衰患者死亡率，需早期使用。5.TrueorFalse?Leftbundlebranchblock(LBBB)maymimicmyocardialinfarctiononECG.正確答案：True解析：LBBB可導(dǎo)致ST段壓低，需結(jié)合臨床鑒別。6.TrueorFalse?Digoxinisafirst-linemedicationforatrialfibrillation.正確答案：False解析：地高辛僅用于控制心室率，不用于卒中預(yù)防。7.TrueorFalse?Thepulmonaryarteryisthemainbloodvesselsupplyingtheleftventricle.正確答案：False解析：肺動(dòng)脈供應(yīng)肺，主動(dòng)脈供應(yīng)左心室。8.TrueorFalse?Cardiomyopathyreferstoanydiseaseoftheheartmuscle.正確答案：True解析：心肌病泛指心肌本身的病變，如擴(kuò)張型、肥厚型等。9.TrueorFalse?TheQTintervalrepresentsventricularrepolarization.正確答案：True解析：QT段反映心室復(fù)極過(guò)程，延長(zhǎng)可增加惡性心律失常風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。10.TrueorFalse?Angiotensin-convertingenzyme(ACE)inhibitorsareusedinpulmonaryhypertension.正確答案：False解析：ACEI主要用于心衰和高血壓，肺動(dòng)脈高壓首選前列環(huán)素類似物。四、名詞解釋（每題3分，共5題）1.Myocardialischemia定義：心肌血液供應(yīng)不足，導(dǎo)致氧氣需求與供應(yīng)失衡，引發(fā)心絞痛或心肌損傷。2.Atrioventricular(AV)block定義：心房與心室傳導(dǎo)延遲或中斷，分為I、II、III度，可導(dǎo)致心動(dòng)過(guò)緩。3.Ejectionfraction(EF)定義：左心室每次收縮射出的血液量占心室總?cè)萘康陌俜直?，是評(píng)估心功能的重要指標(biāo)。4.Coronaryarterydisease(CAD)定義：冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄或閉塞導(dǎo)致心肌缺血，是心梗和心衰的主要原因。5.Arrhythmia定義：心臟節(jié)律異常，包括過(guò)速、過(guò)緩、搏動(dòng)異常等，需根據(jù)類型選擇治療。五、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題5分，共4題）1.Listthreemajorriskfactorsforcoronaryarterydisease.答案：高血壓、高血脂、糖尿病、吸煙、肥胖、缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)等。2.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenacutemyocardialinfarction(AMI)andstableangina?答案：AMI為持續(xù)性心肌缺血導(dǎo)致壞死，需緊急再灌注治療；穩(wěn)定型心絞痛發(fā)作有規(guī)律，休息可緩解。3.Explaintherole