專題18閱讀理解說(shuō)明文

1.（24-25高三上?山西?期末）Peopleneedtrees.Aworldwithoutdifferenttrees,aworlddevoidofawide

rangeoftreeswouldbemuchthepoorer.Werelyontrees,ofcourse,toabsorbandstorecarbondioxide.They

provideuswithfood,fuel,medicineandconstructionmaterials.Theyshelterusfromstorms;theyreducesoil

erosion（流失）.

Therearcalmost58,500treespeciesintheworld,arichnessfewofuscantrulycomprehend.Butashocking

newinternationalstudyhaswarnedthatbetweenathirdandhalfofthoseareatriskofextinctioninthewild

posingariskofwiderecosystemcollapse.ThecomprehensivereportbybotanicGardensConservation

International,foundthattwiceasmanytreespeciesarcthreatenedasmammals,birdsandreptiles（爬行動(dòng)

物）combined.

Morethan440havefewerthan50individualsleftinnaturalenvironments.Worse,evenabundanttreesthat

sur/iveinmanycasesaregreatlyreduced.InBrazil,wherearoundoneinfivetreespeciesareatrisk,deforestation

intheAmazonhashitthehighestannuallevelinadecade.

Thechiefreasonfortreelossisthedestructionofhabitatbyfanning,raisinganimalsandlogging.Global

healinganditsconsequences,fromextremeweather（orisingsealevels,areincreasinglycausingdamage.Tropical

islandstatesareparticularlyaffected,buttheproblemslieclosertohome（oo.Just30Menaiwhilebeamsremainin

norhWales,theonlyplaceonEarthwheretheyarefound.

Protectingsuchhabitatsmustbethepriority.Onestudysuggeststhatglobaltreecoverhasactiudlyincreased

overrecentdecades,but420millionhectaresofforestwerelostbetween1990and2020.Howeverimportant

tree-plantingplansmaybe,newplantationsarcnosubstituteforcomplexandbiodiverseenvironmentsthathave

evolvedovercenturies.

Whereforestshavebeenerased,naturalregenerationisoftenbest.Failing（hat,plantingavarietyofspecies

isbetterthansimplyrelyingonafewfast-growingkindsofsaplings（樹(shù)苗）.Onlybyworkingwithcommunities

canprotectionbesustainable.Preseningseedsinthehopethatspeciescanbebroughtback（olifeisnecessarytoo.

Butitisalastresort.Aseedbankcannotreplacetherichlifeofaforest.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devoid“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Short.B.Full.C.Fond.D.Proud.

2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Thereisnoneedtoworryabouttreeloss.

B.Thenumberoftreespeciesisthelargest.

C.Alargenumberoftreesareatriskofextinction.

D.Protectingtreesismoreimportantthanprotectinganimals.

3.Whatisthem<yorcauseoftreeloss?

A.Globalheating.B.Risingsealevels.

C.Extremeweather.D.Thedestructionofhabitat.

4.Whatisthebestwaytosaveanerasedforest?

A.Plantingalewfast-growingkindsoftrees.

B.Regeneratingforestsnaturally.

C.Buildingbiodiverseenvironments.

D.Preservingseedsandestablishingaseedbank.

【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了樹(shù)木對(duì)人類的重要性、全球樹(shù)木種類面臨的滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、導(dǎo)致

樹(shù)木減少的主要原因以及保護(hù)樹(shù)木和森林生態(tài)的建議和措施。

1.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句“Aworldwithoutdiflerenttrees,aworlddevoidofawiderangeoftrees

wouldbemuchthepoorer.（一個(gè)沒(méi)有多樣化樹(shù)木的世界，一個(gè)...豐富樹(shù)種的世界將變得貧瘠不堪。）”中

“withoutdifferenttrees"和"aworlddevoidofawiderangeoftrees**是并列關(guān)系,說(shuō)明“devoidofawiderangeof

trees”和“withoutdifferenttrees”意思相近,也就是說(shuō)劃線單詞和“缺少”意思相似。選項(xiàng)A“short”,意為“缺乏”,

與此相符。故選A,

2.韭理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Butashockingnewinternationalstudyhaswarnedthatbetweenathirdandhalf

ofthoseareatriskofextinctioninthewild—posingariskofwiderecosystemcollapse.Thecomprehensivereport

bybotanicGardensConservationInternational,foundthattwiceasmanytreespeciesarethreatenedasmammals,

birdsandreptiles（爬行動(dòng)物）combined.（但一項(xiàng)令人震驚的新國(guó)際研究警告稱，其中三分之一到半數(shù)的樹(shù)種正

面臨野外滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——這可能引發(fā)更廣泛的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰。國(guó)際植物園保護(hù)聯(lián)盟的全面報(bào)告指出，受威脅

的樹(shù)種數(shù)量是哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類和爬行動(dòng)物總和的兩倍。）“可知，三分之一到半數(shù)的樹(shù)種面臨野外滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，

且受威脅的樹(shù)種數(shù)量是哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥(niǎo)類和爬行動(dòng)物總和的兩倍，所以可以推斷出有大量的樹(shù)木面臨滅絕的

危險(xiǎn)。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thechiefreasonfortreelossisthedesiructionofhabitalbyfarming,raising

animalsandloggings樹(shù)木消失的主要原因是農(nóng)業(yè)擴(kuò)張、畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展和伐木活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的棲息地破壞。廣可知，

樹(shù)木減少的主要原因是農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)和伐木對(duì)棲息地的破壞。故選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whereforestshavebeenerased,naturalregenerationisoftenbest.（在森林被

砍伐的地區(qū)，自然再生往往是最佳選擇。戶可知，在森林被砍伐的地方，自然再生往往是最好的。故選B。

2.（24-25高三上?湖北武漢?期末）InagrasslandinCambridge,Ont.,alowhumfillstheair.It'sawarm

springdayandeasternbumblebee（大黃蜂）queensarebusywithpollination（授粉）.Buttakeacloserlookand

you'llnoticesomeofthemarewearing...backpacks?

Thesebackpacksareactuallyatoolusedbypost-doctoralfellowAmandaLiczneroftheUniversityof

Guelphtolearnmoreaboutthebees'movement,behaviourandhabitatchoices.InsteadofGPSco.larsnormally

usedfbrtrackinglargerspecies,Liczncr'steamattachedtinytrackerstothequeens'backs.Onceattached,these

tinytrackerstransmitradiosignalstoacollectionof44radiotowerswhichprocessthesignalstorecordprecise

whereabouts.Licznercanthendownloadthedatafromthetowerstofigureouthowthebeesarespendingtheir

time.

Whilewedoknowbumblebeesneedflowers,asLicznerwilltellyou,there'salotwestilldon'tknowabout

bumblebees,especiallyabouthowpesticides（殺蟲(chóng)劑）affectbees'movement.Thislackofinibnnation,says

Liczner,makesittrickytoprovidespecificconservationreconiincndations.

Sofar,theteamhasmadesonicinterestingdiscoveries.Inexperimentsfocusedonhowdifferentpesticides

affectbeemovement,thescientistslearnedthatwhileusingnewerclassesofpesticidesmaynotkillbumblebees,

“wehavefoundthatthey'reflyinginsignificantlyoddways,“saysLiczner.Forexample,pesticide-treated

late-seasonqueens,whichwouldusuallyberestingandbuildingupenergyreservesforthewinter,weremoving

“allovertheplace,“potentiallyburningupthefatstorestheyneedtosurx'ivethewinter.

What'smore,30%offlightsareatnight.That“blowseveryone,smind,''saysLiczner.uAndit'satalltimes

ofnight!”Thisisimportantandpotentiallyperturbinginformation,shesays,becausesomeregulationsallow

farmerstousepesticidesbetweenduskanddawn,whenbeeswerepreviouslythoughttobeinactive.

Thislatesummer,Licznerandherteamwereabletofollowthebackpackedqueenstothespotswherethey

dugintothegroundtospendthewinter.Whenthequeensemerge,unfolding（heirwingsinthespringsunshine,

Licznerhopestobetheretolearnmorefrom（hisunderstudiedspecies.

5.Whatisthefunctionof“backpacks"onbumblebeequeens?

A.Tofilmbees'habitats.B.Torevealbees5locations.

C.ToattachGPScollarstobees.D.Toreceivesignalsfromtowers.

6.Howdopesticidesimpactbumblebees?

A.Theydisruptbees'flightpatterns.B.Theydecreasebees'nightactivity.

C.Theyconfusebees5perceptionofseasons.D.Theylimitbees,energystoragefbrwinter.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perturbing“inparagraph5mean?

A.Confusing.B.Exciting.C.Alarming.D.Comforting.

8.WhatmightLiczncr'sstudyhelpinthefiiturc?

A.Developeffectivepesticides.B.Discoverunexploredspecies.

C.Promoteagriculturalpolicies.D.Conducttailoredpreservation.

【答案】5.B6.A7.C8.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了研究人員通過(guò)給大黃蜂安裝微型追蹤器來(lái)研究蜜蜂的行為模式

以及殺蟲(chóng)劑所帶來(lái)的影響。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onceattached,thesetinytrackerstransmitradiosignalstoacollectionof44radio

towerswhichprocessthesignalstorecordprecisewhcrcabouts.（一旦連接上，這些微小的追蹤器就會(huì)向44個(gè)無(wú)

線電塔發(fā)送無(wú)線電信號(hào)，無(wú)線電塔會(huì)對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理.，以記錄精確的位置）”可知，大黃蜂女王的“背包”可以

揭示蜜蜂的位置。故選B。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Inexperimentsfocusedonhowdifferentpesticidesaffectbeemovement,（he

scientistslearnedthatwhileusingnewerclassesofpesticidesmaynotkillbumblebees,“wchavefoundthatthey're

flyinginsignificantlyoddways,“saysLiczner.Forexample,pesticide-treatedlate-seasonqueens,whichwould

usuallyberestingandbuildingupenergyreservesfbrthewinter,weremoving“allovertheplace,“potentially

burningupthefatstorestheyneedtosurvivethewinter.（在專?注于不同殺蟲(chóng)劑如何影響蜜蜂運(yùn)動(dòng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，科學(xué)

家們了解到，雖然使用新型殺蟲(chóng)劑可能不會(huì)殺死大黃蜂，但“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們以非常奇怪的方式飛行，"Liczner

說(shuō)。例如，經(jīng)過(guò)殺蟲(chóng)劑處理的晚季蜂王，通常會(huì)休息并為冬天積累能量?jī)?chǔ)備，它們正在“到處”移動(dòng)，可能會(huì)

燃燒它們過(guò)冬所需的脂肪儲(chǔ)備廠可知，殺蟲(chóng)劑擾亂了蜜蜂的飛行模式。故選A。

7.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文"What'smore,30%offlightsarcatnight.（更重要的是，30%的蜜蜂是在夜間

飛行）“以及后文"becausesomeregulationsallowfarmerstousepesticidesbetweenduskanddawn,whenbees

werepreviouslythoughttobeinactMe（因?yàn)橐恍┓ㄒ?guī)允許農(nóng)民在黃昏到黎明之間使用殺蟲(chóng)劑，而這段時(shí)間蜜蜂

被認(rèn)為是不活躍的）“可知，法規(guī)允許農(nóng)民在黃昏到黎明之間使用殺蟲(chóng)劑，導(dǎo)致原本這段時(shí)間不活躍的蜜蜂也

夜間飛行，所以是揭示了令人擔(dān)憂的信息。故劃線詞意思是“令人擔(dān)憂的”故選C。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thislalesummer,Licznerandherteamwereablelofollow（hebackpackedqueens

tothespotswheretheydugintothegroundtospendthewinter.Whenthequeensemerge,unfoldingtheirwingsin

thespringsunshine,Licznerhopestobetheretolearnmorefromthisunderstudiedspecies.（這個(gè)夏末，Liczner和

她的團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠跟隨背包皇后到他們挖地過(guò)冬的地方。當(dāng)蟻后在春天的陽(yáng)光下展開(kāi)翅膀時(shí)，Liczner希望能從

這個(gè)未被充分研究的物種身上學(xué)到更多戶可知,Liczner的研究在未來(lái)有助于進(jìn)行專門(mén)針對(duì)性的保護(hù)。故選D。

3.（24-25高三上?湖北武漢?期末）Pastresearchhasshownthatmanyaspectsofmemoryareaffectedby

ageing,whereasrecognitiontasksthatrelyonwell-knowninformatonarenot.Theeffectofageontheabilityto

recallmusichasalsobeeninvestigated,butSarahSauve,amusicscientistattheUniversityofLincoln,was

interestedinexploringthiseffectinareal-worldsettingsuchasaliveconcert.

InherstudypublishedinPLOSONE,shetestedhowwellagroupof90healthyadults,ranginginagefrom

18to86,wereabletorecognizefamiliarandunfamiliarmusicalthemesataliveconcert.Thestudyfocusedon

threemusicpieces:EinckleineNachtmusikbyMozart,whichmostparticipantswerefamiliarwith,andtwo

experimentalpieces.Oneofthesewastonalandeasytolistento;theotherwasmoreatonal（無(wú)調(diào)的）anddidn't

followthetypicalmelodic（旋律的）standardsofWesternclassicalmusic.Ashortmelodicphrasefromeachofthe

threepieceswasplayedthreetimesatthebeginningofthatpiece,andparticipantsthenloggedwheneverthey

recognizedthatthemeinthepiece.

ThemelodicphrasefromtheEinekleineNachtmusikwasequallywellrecognizedacrossallages,withno

tossofrecognitionasageincreased.Allparticipantswerelessconfidentinrecognizingthethemeintheunfamiliar

tonalpiece,andevenlessconfidentwiththeunfamiliaratonalpiece.Thispatter,too,didnotvarywithage.

SteffenHerff,acognitive（認(rèn)知的）neuroscientist,saysthereasonmusicalmemoryseemstoberesistantto

age-relatedcognitivedeclinesmightbeiheemotionsthatmusicstirsinpeople,whichmakesitmorerootedin

memory."Weknowfromgeneralmemoryresearchthat,effectively,theemotionalprocessingoperatesalittlebit

likeanimportantstamp,''hesays.

Thestudycollectedlimiteddataonsomeparticipants'cognitivehealth,andsodidn'tprovidedetailed

insightsintohowcognitivedisordersaffectmemoryrecall.Butitrevealedthegreatinterestinusingmusicasa

memoryaidforotherinformationinindividualswithneurogenerativeconditionssuchasdementia（癡呆）.

9.Whatcanbeinferredfrompreviousresearch?

A.Ageincreaseaffectsmusicalmemory.B.Musicrecallinreallifeproveschallenging.

C.Ageinginfluencesmemoryineveryrespect.D.Establishedknowledgebenefitsrecognition.

10.WhatshouldparticipantsdoinSarahSauve'sexperiment?

A.Compareiherhythms.B.Identifyspecificphrases.

C.Recognizethecomposers.D.Memorizecomplex(hemes.

11.WhydoesSteffenHerff'mention“animportantslamp"inparagraph4?

A.Tostressthepositiveimpactofmusic.B.Toexplainthereasonforcognitivedecline.

C.Toillustratetheroleofemotionsinmemory.D.Toemphasizetheemotions'resistancetoage.

12.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Masic:APowerfulMemoryAidB.MusicalMemory:FreefromAgeing

C.Familiarity:KeytoAgelessMemoryD.MemoryandEmotion:CognitiveTwins

【答案】9.D10.B11.C12.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了音樂(lè)記憶不受年齡影響的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。

9.推理判斷題。由文章第一，段中“Pastresearchhasshownthatmanyaspectsofmemoryareaffectedbyageing,

whereasrecognitiontasksthatrelyonwell-knowninformationarenot.(過(guò)去的研究表明，記憶的許多方面會(huì)受

到衰老的影響，而依賴「?人們熟知信息的識(shí)別任務(wù)則不會(huì)?？芍?，記憶的許多方面都會(huì)受到衰老的影響，

而依賴于已知信息的識(shí)別任務(wù)則不會(huì)。因此可以推斷出，已確立的知識(shí)有助于認(rèn)知。故選D。

1().細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Ashortmelodicphrasefromeachofthethreepieceswasplayedthreetimesat

(hebeginningofthatpiece,andparticipants(henloggedwhenevertheyrecognizedthatthemeinthepiece.(每首樂(lè)

曲開(kāi)頭都會(huì)播放三次一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的旋律片段，參與者隨后記錄他便何時(shí)再次識(shí)別出該樂(lè)曲主題。廣可知，參與

者需要識(shí)別特定的旋律片段。故選B。

11.推理判斷題.由文章第四段中“SteffenHerfT,acognitive(認(rèn)知的)neuroscientist,saysthereasonmusical

memoryseemsloberesistanttoage-relatedcognitivedeclinesmightbetheemotions(hatmusicstirsinpeople,

whichmakesitmorerootedinmemory."Weknowfromgeneralmemoryresearchthat,effectively,theemotional

processingoperatesalittlebitlikeanimportantstamp,“hesays.(認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)家SteffenHerff表示，音樂(lè)記憶

似乎能抵御與年齡相關(guān)的認(rèn)知衰退，原因可能在于音樂(lè)能喚起人們的情感，這使得音樂(lè)在記憶中扎根更深。

“我們從一般的記憶研究中了解到，實(shí)際上，情感加工有點(diǎn)像是一枚重要的印記，“他說(shuō)道。廠可知，他提到

，，一個(gè)重要的印記，，是為了說(shuō)明情感在記憶中的作用。故選c。

12.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Pastresearchhasshownthatmanyaspectsofmemoryare

affectedbyageing,whereasrecognitiontasksthatrelyonwell-knowninformationarenot.Theeffectofageonthe

abilitytorecallmusichasalsobeeninvestigated,butSarahSauve,amusicscientista(theUniversityofLincoln,

wasinterestedinexploringthiseffectinareal-worldsettingsuchasaliveconcert.(過(guò)去的研究表明，記憶的許多

方面會(huì)受到衰老的影響，而依賴于人們熟知信息的認(rèn)知任務(wù)則不會(huì)。年齡對(duì)音樂(lè)回憶能力的影響也已經(jīng)有

人研究過(guò)了，但林肯入學(xué)的音樂(lè)學(xué)家SarahSauve卻對(duì)在諸如現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)這樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)場(chǎng)景中探究這?影響很

感興趣。）''可知，文章主要講述了音樂(lè)記憶似乎不受與年齡相關(guān)的認(rèn)知衰退的影響，并探討了其原因可能是

音樂(lè)引發(fā)的情感使音樂(lè)記憶更加根深蒂固。因此，B選項(xiàng)“MusicalMemory:Free（YomAgeing（音樂(lè)記憶：不

受年齡影響廣最能概括文章主旨。故選B。

4.（2025?山東荷澤?一模）Wikipedia（維基百科），oneofthe'astremainingpillarsoftheopenandfreeweb,

isinexistentialcrisis.

Thetrendtowardsrationality（理性）wasendangeredlongbeforethebirthoftheWorldWideWeb.AsNeil

Postmannotedinhis1985bookAmusingOurselvestoDeath,theriseoftelevisionintroducednotjustanew

mediumbulanewatmosphere:agradualshiftfromatypographic（E[1刷的）culturetoaphotographicone,whichin

turnmeantashiftfromrationalitytoemotions,opinionstoentertainment.

Inanimage-centeredandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisnoplaceforthinking,becauseyou

simplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto“uncoverliesandconfusions,andtodetectabusesof

logicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontraststatements,toconnectone

generalizationtoanother.”

Thedominanceoftelevisionwasnotcontainedtoourlivingrooms.Itoverturnedallofthosehabitsofmind,

fundamentallychangingourexperienceoftheworld,affectingpolitics,religion,business,andculture.Itreduced

manyaspectsofmodernlifetoentertainmentandcommerce."Americansdon'ttalktoeachother,wcentertain

eachother,“Postmanwrote."Theydon'texchangeideas;theyexchangeimages.Theydonotarguewith

Diwosilions;theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials.M

A（first,thewebseemedtopushagainstthistrend.Whenitemergedtowardsthelate1980sasapurely

text-basedmedium,itwasseenasatooltopursueknowledge,notpleasure.Reasonandthoughtweremostvalued

inthisgarden.Universitieswereamongthefirsttoconnecttothisnewmedium,hostingdiscussiongroups,

informativeblogs,electronicmagazines,andacademicforums.Itwasanintellectualproject,notaboutcommerce

orcontrol,createdinascientificresearchcenterinSwitzerland.

Wikipediawasafruitofthisgarden.SowasGooglesearchanditstext-basedadvertisingmodel.Andso

wereblogs,whichvaluedtext,hyperlinks,knowledge,andliterature.Andformorethanadecade,（hewebcreated

analternativespacethatthreatenedtelevision'spoweroversociety.

Socialnetworks,though,havesincecolonizedthewebfbrtelevision'svalues.FromFacebooktoInstagram,

themediumrefocusesourattentior.onvideosandimages,rewardingemotionalappeals—“l(fā)ike”buttonsover

rationalones.Insteadofsearchingforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesspassionfbrinstantapprovalfroman

audience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.Itreducesourcuriositybyshowingusexactly

whatwealreadywantandthink,basedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment'smotlo(座右銘)of

“Darctoknow“hasbecome“Darcnottocaretoknow.”

NowthechallengeistosaveWikipediaanditspromiseofafreeandopencollectionofallhuman

knowledgeamong(heconquestofsocialmedia-howtocollectandpreserveknowledgewhennobodycaresto

know.Weneedtounderstandthatthedeclineof(hewebandtherebyoftheWikipediaispartofamuchlarger

civilizationshiftwhichhasjuststartedtounfold.

13.AccordingtoNeilPostman,whichofthefollowingstatemenisisTRUE?

A.Televisionstartedarevolutioninphotographictechnology.

B.Textshelppeoplethinkcriticallytomakejudgments.

C.Imagesgivepeoplemorechancestocommunicatedeeper.

D.Thewebwasmeanttoserveasanentertainmentplatform.

14.Theunderlinedword“propositions”inparagraph4probablymeans"

A.experiencesB.appearancesC.opinionsD.consequences

15.Whatcanweinterabout(heinfluenceofsocialmediafrom(heunderlinedsentence?

A.Weareconstantlydistractedandcan'tfocusfbrlong.

B.Wearewellkeptupdatedwiththelatestinformation.

C.Wehavebecomemorecuriousabouttheoutsideworld.

D.Wehavebecomeuninterestedinintellectualpursuits.

16.Whichofthefollowingcanbeihcbesttitleofthispassage?

A.TheDeclineofTelevisionB.ThePowerofSocialMedia

C.WhyWeAmuseOurselvestoDeathD.HowSocialMediaEndangersKnowledge

【答案】13.B14.C15.D16.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要對(duì)維基百科等網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)平臺(tái)所面臨的危機(jī)進(jìn)行了深入分析和評(píng)論，

探討了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)從最初的理性、知識(shí)追求導(dǎo)向逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閵蕵?lè)、情感導(dǎo)向的趨勢(shì)，以及這一變化對(duì)維基百科

等網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)平臺(tái)的影響。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段”[nanimagc-ccntcrcdandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisno

placeforthinking,becauseyousimplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto"uncoverliesand

confusions,andtodetectabusesoflogicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontrast

statements,toconnectonegeneralizationtoanother.,XPostman指出，在?個(gè)以影像為中心、受享樂(lè)驅(qū)動(dòng)的世界

里，沒(méi)有思考的空間，因?yàn)槿藗兏緹o(wú)法通過(guò)影像來(lái)進(jìn)行思考。正是文字使我們能夠“揭露謊言與混淆之

處，察覺(jué)邏輯和常識(shí)的濫用情況。它還意味著權(quán)衡各種觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)不同陳述進(jìn)行比較和對(duì)照，將一種概括與

另一種概括聯(lián)系起來(lái)“。）“可知，文字能幫助人們?nèi)ソ衣吨e言、箕覺(jué)邏輯和常識(shí)的濫用，權(quán)衡觀點(diǎn)、比較對(duì)

照陳述等，也就是幫助人們進(jìn)行批判性思考并做出判斷。故選B。

14.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上下文“Postmanwrote.44Thcydon'texchangeideas;theyexchangeimages.They

donotarguewith...;theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials.”（他們不交換思想，而是交換影像。

他們不就……進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)辯，而是比拼顏值、名人效應(yīng)以及廣告宣傳。）“可知，此處是在將過(guò)去人們圍繞某種內(nèi)

容進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)辯的情況和現(xiàn)在只看重外在、名人、廣告等情況作對(duì)比，過(guò)去人們應(yīng)該是圍繞觀點(diǎn)、看法之類的

內(nèi)容進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)辯。因此“propositions”與“思想、觀點(diǎn)”意思相近。選項(xiàng)C'pinions”，意為“想法、觀點(diǎn)”與此相符。

故選C。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中“Insteadofsearchingforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesspassionforinstant

approvalfromanaudience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.Itreducesourcuriosityby

showingusexactlywhatwealreadywantandthink,basedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment^

motto（座右銘）of"Darctoknow”hasbecome4tDarcnottocaretoknow."（它不是尋求知識(shí)，而是讓我們陷入一

種無(wú)盡的激情中，想要得到觀眾的即時(shí)認(rèn)可，我們一直在無(wú)意識(shí)地為之表演。它根據(jù)我們的個(gè)人資料和偏

好，準(zhǔn)確地向我們展示我們已經(jīng)想要和想要的東西，從而降低我們的好奇心。啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的格言“敢于求知”

已經(jīng)變成了“不敢在意求知廠可知，社交媒體讓我們不再追求知識(shí)，而是熱衷于獲得觀眾的即時(shí)認(rèn)可，它

根據(jù)我們的個(gè)人資料和偏好展示我們已經(jīng)想要和思考的東西，降低了我們的好奇心，使我們對(duì)知識(shí)的追求

變得冷漠。故選

16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章開(kāi)篇指出維基百科面臨生存危機(jī)，接著回顧了電視興起對(duì)理性

等方面的影響，隨后講述網(wǎng)絡(luò)起初是追求知識(shí)的工具，而后來(lái)社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)按照電視的價(jià)值觀占據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，

改變了人們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)，削弱了人們的好奇心，讓人們不再在意求知，使得維基百科這樣承載知識(shí)匯集愿

景的平臺(tái)也受到威脅，整體圍繞社交媒體如何危及知以的收集、保存以及人們對(duì)知識(shí)的追求等方面展開(kāi)論

述。選項(xiàng)D“HowSocialMediaEndangersKnowledge（社交媒體如何危及知識(shí)）”能夠準(zhǔn)確概括文宣主要圍繞社

交媒體對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)生危害這一核心內(nèi)容進(jìn)行論述的主旨，是最合適的標(biāo)題。故選D。

5.（24-25高三上?山西?期末）Thedebateonwhethersmilingorfrowning（皺眉）influencesemotionshas

lastedfordecades.Recently,researchersusedelectricalmusclestimulationtoforceparticipants'mouthsintosmiles

orfrowns,seekingadefinitiveanswer.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactoftheseexpressionsdirectlyimpacts

emotions,makingpeoplefeelmorepositiveornegative.

SebastianKorb,apsychologylecturerattheUniversityofEssex,notesthattheideathatthebodyshapes

emotionsisoldbutnotuniversallyaccepted.Thisconcepthasrootsinthe19thcentury,withCharlesDarwinand

WilliamJamessuggestingthatphysiologicalchangesaffectemotions.Inthe20thcentury,researchersfocusedon

facialexpressions,leadingtothe“facialfeedbackhypothesis(假說(shuō))“inthe1970s.However,thishypothesishas

receivedmixedsupport.

A1988Germanstudy,knownasthepentask,foundthaiparticipantswhoheldapenbetweentheir

teeth(facilitatingasmile)foundcaroonsfunnierthanthosewhohelditbetweentheirlips(formingakiss-like

expression).Thissupportedthefacialfeedbackhypothesis.

Inthenewstudy,Korbandhisteamusedelectricalstimulationtotargetspecificfacialmuscles.Theyplaced

electrodes(電極)on58participantsandgraduallyincreasedthecurrentuntilitcausedasmileorfrown.

Participantswereexposedtovariousconditions,includinglookingatablankscreen,ahappyimage,anda

depressingimagewhilesmilingorfrowning.Theyalsounderwentexperimentswithweakerstimulationsthatdidn't

producevisiblefacialmovements.

Theresearchersfoundconnectionsbetweenparticipants'facialfeaturesandtheirfeelingswhenstimulated

strongly.Thestrongestconnectionwaswhensmileswerepairedwithpositiveimages.Evenwithoutaccompanying

imagery,participantsfelthappierwhenstimulatedtosmileandsadderwhenforcedtofrown,althoughtheeffect

wasnotmassive.Korbemphasizedthattheyonlyactivatedcertainmusclesforashortduration.

HeatherLench,aprofessorofpsychologicalandbrainsciencesatTexasA-MUniversity,whowasnot

involvedintheresearch,saysthenewstudywasdonewelland“opensupanewwaytomakefacialexpressions”.

17.Whatmethodwasusedtoforcesmilesorfrownsonparticipantsinthenewstudy?

A.Facialexercises.B.Emotionalrecall.

C.Penholdingtechnique.D.Electricalmusclestimulation.

18.Whoproposedthathowourbodyfeelschangeouremotions?

A.SebastianKorb.B.HeatherLcnch.

C.CharlesDarwinandWilliamJames.D.Researchersin:he20thcentury.

19.WhatisHeatherLcnch'sattitudetowardsthenewstudy?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.indifferent.D.Critical.

20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FacialExpressionsHaveaLongHistory

B.GesturesareUsefultoBoostYourEmotions

C.FacialExpressionsDirectlyImpactEmotions

D.PsychologyIsImportaniinChangingEmotions

【答案】17.D18.C19.B20.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章探討了微笑或皺眉是否會(huì)影響人的情緒。研究人員通過(guò)電刺激面部肌肉

使參與者做出微笑或皺眉的表情，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些表情動(dòng)作直接影響人的情緒，使人感到更積極或更消極。

17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Recently,researchersusedelectricalmusclestimulationtoforceparticipants，

mouthsintosmilesorfrowns,seekingadefinitiveanswer.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactoftheseexpressions

directlyimpactsemotions,makingpeoplefeelmorepositiveornegative.（最近，研究人員使用電肌肉刺激來(lái)迫使

參與者的嘴露出微笑或皺眉，以尋求明確的答案。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些表情的身體行為直接影響情緒，使人們

感到更積極或更消極。）”可知，研究人員使用了電刺激肌肉的方法來(lái)迫使參與者的嘴角上揚(yáng)或卜垂，形成微

笑或皺眉。故選De

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Thisconcepthasrootsinthe19thcentury,withCharlesDarwinandWilliamJames

suggestingthatphysiologicalchangesaffectemotions.（這個(gè)概念起源于19世紀(jì),查爾斯?達(dá)爾文和威廉?詹姆斯

認(rèn)為生理變化會(huì)影響情緒。戶可知，查爾斯?達(dá)爾文和威廉?詹姆斯提出我們身體的感覺(jué)會(huì)改變我們的情緒。

故選C。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“HeatherLench,aprofessorofpsychologicalandbrainsciencesatTexas

A-MUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saysthenewstudywasdonewelland“opensupa

newwaytomakefacialexpressions"（德克薩斯農(nóng)工大學(xué)的心理和腦科學(xué)教授希瑟?蘭奇沒(méi)有參與這項(xiàng)研究，但

她表示，這項(xiàng)新研究做得很好，”開(kāi)辟了一種做出面部表情的新方法可知HeatherLench對(duì)新研究的態(tài)度

是積極的。故選B。

20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thedebateonwhethersmilingorfrowning（皺眉）influencesemotionshaslasted

fordecades.Recently,researchersusedelectricalmusclestimulationtoforceparticipants'mouthsintosmilesor

frowns,seekingadefinitiveanswer.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactoftheseexpressionsdirectlyimpactsemotions,

makingpeoplefeelmorepositiveornegative.（關(guān)于微笑或皺眉是否會(huì)影響情緒的爭(zhēng)論已經(jīng)持續(xù)了幾十年。最近,

研究人員使用電肌肉刺激來(lái)迫使參與者的嘴露出微笑或皺眉，以尋求明確的答案。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些表情的

身體行為直接影響情緒，使人們感到更積極或更消極。戶結(jié)合文章探討了微笑或皺眉是否會(huì)影響人的情緒。

研究人員通過(guò)電刺激面部肌肉使參與者做出微笑或皺眉的表情，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些表情動(dòng)作直接影響人的情緒，使

人感到更積極或更消極。故C項(xiàng)“面部表情直接影響情緒”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。

6.（24-25高三下?天津?開(kāi)學(xué)考試）It'sprobablynothardformanyofustocomeupwithspecificmoments

thatfeltjoyful.Butthequestionofwhetherwc*rchappyoverallismuchmorecomplex.Itinvolvesweighingmany

factorsinourlives,goodandbad.Andinthatsense,manypeople—especiallyteensandyoungadults—seem

unhappierthanever.

Youngpeople,especiallythoseintheUnitedStates,justaren'tashappyastheywere10or15yearsago.

That'saccordingtothe2024WorldHappinessReport,publishedbytheUniversityofOxfordinEngland.This

annualreportisbasedonsurveysthataskpeoplearoundtheglobehowsatisfiedtheyarewiththeirlives.

Paricipantsalsoanswerquestionsabouttheirpositiveandnegativeemotionsfromthedaybeforethesurvey.Good

feelingsincludethingslikelaughter,enjoymentandhowinterestedapersonwasintheactivitiestheydid.Negative

emotionsfocusonsadness,