專題18閱讀理解說明文

1.（24-25高三上?山西?期末）Peopleneedtrees.Aworldwithoutdifferenttrees,aworlddevoidofawide

rangeoftreeswouldbemuchthepoorer.Werelyontrees,ofcourse,toabsorbandstorecarbondioxide.They

provideuswithfood,fuel,medicineandconstructionmaterials.Theyshelterusfromstorms;theyreducesoil

erosion（流失）.

Therearcalmost58,500treespeciesintheworld,arichnessfewofuscantrulycomprehend.Butashocking

newinternationalstudyhaswarnedthatbetweenathirdandhalfofthoseareatriskofextinctioninthewild

posingariskofwiderecosystemcollapse.ThecomprehensivereportbybotanicGardensConservation

International,foundthattwiceasmanytreespeciesarcthreatenedasmammals,birdsandreptiles（爬行動(dòng)

物）combined.

Morethan440havefewerthan50individualsleftinnaturalenvironments.Worse,evenabundanttreesthat

sur/iveinmanycasesaregreatlyreduced.InBrazil,wherearoundoneinfivetreespeciesareatrisk,deforestation

intheAmazonhashitthehighestannuallevelinadecade.

Thechiefreasonfortreelossisthedestructionofhabitatbyfanning,raisinganimalsandlogging.Global

healinganditsconsequences,fromextremeweather（orisingsealevels,areincreasinglycausingdamage.Tropical

islandstatesareparticularlyaffected,buttheproblemslieclosertohome（oo.Just30Menaiwhilebeamsremainin

norhWales,theonlyplaceonEarthwheretheyarefound.

Protectingsuchhabitatsmustbethepriority.Onestudysuggeststhatglobaltreecoverhasactiudlyincreased

overrecentdecades,but420millionhectaresofforestwerelostbetween1990and2020.Howeverimportant

tree-plantingplansmaybe,newplantationsarcnosubstituteforcomplexandbiodiverseenvironmentsthathave

evolvedovercenturies.

Whereforestshavebeenerased,naturalregenerationisoftenbest.Failing（hat,plantingavarietyofspecies

isbetterthansimplyrelyingonafewfast-growingkindsofsaplings（樹苗）.Onlybyworkingwithcommunities

canprotectionbesustainable.Preseningseedsinthehopethatspeciescanbebroughtback（olifeisnecessarytoo.

Butitisalastresort.Aseedbankcannotreplacetherichlifeofaforest.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devoid“inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Short.B.Full.C.Fond.D.Proud.

2.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Thereisnoneedtoworryabouttreeloss.

B.Thenumberoftreespeciesisthelargest.

C.Alargenumberoftreesareatriskofextinction.

D.Protectingtreesismoreimportantthanprotectinganimals.

3.Whatisthem<yorcauseoftreeloss?

A.Globalheating.B.Risingsealevels.

C.Extremeweather.D.Thedestructionofhabitat.

4.Whatisthebestwaytosaveanerasedforest?

A.Plantingalewfast-growingkindsoftrees.

B.Regeneratingforestsnaturally.

C.Buildingbiodiverseenvironments.

D.Preservingseedsandestablishingaseedbank.

【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了樹木對(duì)人類的重要性、全球樹木種類面臨的滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、導(dǎo)致

樹木減少的主要原因以及保護(hù)樹木和森林生態(tài)的建議和措施。

1.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句“Aworldwithoutdiflerenttrees,aworlddevoidofawiderangeoftrees

wouldbemuchthepoorer.（一個(gè)沒有多樣化樹木的世界，一個(gè)...豐富樹種的世界將變得貧瘠不堪。）”中

“withoutdifferenttrees"和"aworlddevoidofawiderangeoftrees**是并列關(guān)系,說明“devoidofawiderangeof

trees”和“withoutdifferenttrees”意思相近,也就是說劃線單詞和“缺少”意思相似。選項(xiàng)A“short”,意為“缺乏”,

與此相符。故選A,

2.韭理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Butashockingnewinternationalstudyhaswarnedthatbetweenathirdandhalf

ofthoseareatriskofextinctioninthewild—posingariskofwiderecosystemcollapse.Thecomprehensivereport

bybotanicGardensConservationInternational,foundthattwiceasmanytreespeciesarethreatenedasmammals,

birdsandreptiles（爬行動(dòng)物）combined.（但一項(xiàng)令人震驚的新國際研究警告稱，其中三分之一到半數(shù)的樹種正

面臨野外滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)——這可能引發(fā)更廣泛的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)崩潰。國際植物園保護(hù)聯(lián)盟的全面報(bào)告指出，受威脅

的樹種數(shù)量是哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥類和爬行動(dòng)物總和的兩倍。）“可知，三分之一到半數(shù)的樹種面臨野外滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，

且受威脅的樹種數(shù)量是哺乳動(dòng)物、鳥類和爬行動(dòng)物總和的兩倍，所以可以推斷出有大量的樹木面臨滅絕的

危險(xiǎn)。故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Thechiefreasonfortreelossisthedesiructionofhabitalbyfarming,raising

animalsandloggings樹木消失的主要原因是農(nóng)業(yè)擴(kuò)張、畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展和伐木活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的棲息地破壞。廣可知，

樹木減少的主要原因是農(nóng)業(yè)、畜牧業(yè)和伐木對(duì)棲息地的破壞。故選D。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Whereforestshavebeenerased,naturalregenerationisoftenbest.（在森林被

砍伐的地區(qū)，自然再生往往是最佳選擇。戶可知，在森林被砍伐的地方，自然再生往往是最好的。故選B。

2.（24-25高三上?湖北武漢?期末）InagrasslandinCambridge,Ont.,alowhumfillstheair.It'sawarm

springdayandeasternbumblebee（大黃蜂）queensarebusywithpollination（授粉）.Buttakeacloserlookand

you'llnoticesomeofthemarewearing...backpacks?

Thesebackpacksareactuallyatoolusedbypost-doctoralfellowAmandaLiczneroftheUniversityof

Guelphtolearnmoreaboutthebees'movement,behaviourandhabitatchoices.InsteadofGPSco.larsnormally

usedfbrtrackinglargerspecies,Liczncr'steamattachedtinytrackerstothequeens'backs.Onceattached,these

tinytrackerstransmitradiosignalstoacollectionof44radiotowerswhichprocessthesignalstorecordprecise

whereabouts.Licznercanthendownloadthedatafromthetowerstofigureouthowthebeesarespendingtheir

time.

Whilewedoknowbumblebeesneedflowers,asLicznerwilltellyou,there'salotwestilldon'tknowabout

bumblebees,especiallyabouthowpesticides（殺蟲劑）affectbees'movement.Thislackofinibnnation,says

Liczner,makesittrickytoprovidespecificconservationreconiincndations.

Sofar,theteamhasmadesonicinterestingdiscoveries.Inexperimentsfocusedonhowdifferentpesticides

affectbeemovement,thescientistslearnedthatwhileusingnewerclassesofpesticidesmaynotkillbumblebees,

“wehavefoundthatthey'reflyinginsignificantlyoddways,“saysLiczner.Forexample,pesticide-treated

late-seasonqueens,whichwouldusuallyberestingandbuildingupenergyreservesforthewinter,weremoving

“allovertheplace,“potentiallyburningupthefatstorestheyneedtosurx'ivethewinter.

What'smore,30%offlightsareatnight.That“blowseveryone,smind,''saysLiczner.uAndit'satalltimes

ofnight!”Thisisimportantandpotentiallyperturbinginformation,shesays,becausesomeregulationsallow

farmerstousepesticidesbetweenduskanddawn,whenbeeswerepreviouslythoughttobeinactive.

Thislatesummer,Licznerandherteamwereabletofollowthebackpackedqueenstothespotswherethey

dugintothegroundtospendthewinter.Whenthequeensemerge,unfolding（heirwingsinthespringsunshine,

Licznerhopestobetheretolearnmorefrom（hisunderstudiedspecies.

5.Whatisthefunctionof“backpacks"onbumblebeequeens?

A.Tofilmbees'habitats.B.Torevealbees5locations.

C.ToattachGPScollarstobees.D.Toreceivesignalsfromtowers.

6.Howdopesticidesimpactbumblebees?

A.Theydisruptbees'flightpatterns.B.Theydecreasebees'nightactivity.

C.Theyconfusebees5perceptionofseasons.D.Theylimitbees,energystoragefbrwinter.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“perturbing“inparagraph5mean?

A.Confusing.B.Exciting.C.Alarming.D.Comforting.

8.WhatmightLiczncr'sstudyhelpinthefiiturc?

A.Developeffectivepesticides.B.Discoverunexploredspecies.

C.Promoteagriculturalpolicies.D.Conducttailoredpreservation.

【答案】5.B6.A7.C8.D

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員通過給大黃蜂安裝微型追蹤器來研究蜜蜂的行為模式

以及殺蟲劑所帶來的影響。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Onceattached,thesetinytrackerstransmitradiosignalstoacollectionof44radio

towerswhichprocessthesignalstorecordprecisewhcrcabouts.（一旦連接上，這些微小的追蹤器就會(huì)向44個(gè)無

線電塔發(fā)送無線電信號(hào)，無線電塔會(huì)對(duì)信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理.，以記錄精確的位置）”可知，大黃蜂女王的“背包”可以

揭示蜜蜂的位置。故選B。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Inexperimentsfocusedonhowdifferentpesticidesaffectbeemovement,（he

scientistslearnedthatwhileusingnewerclassesofpesticidesmaynotkillbumblebees,“wchavefoundthatthey're

flyinginsignificantlyoddways,“saysLiczner.Forexample,pesticide-treatedlate-seasonqueens,whichwould

usuallyberestingandbuildingupenergyreservesfbrthewinter,weremoving“allovertheplace,“potentially

burningupthefatstorestheyneedtosurvivethewinter.（在專?注于不同殺蟲劑如何影響蜜蜂運(yùn)動(dòng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)中，科學(xué)

家們了解到，雖然使用新型殺蟲劑可能不會(huì)殺死大黃蜂，但“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它們以非常奇怪的方式飛行，"Liczner

說。例如，經(jīng)過殺蟲劑處理的晚季蜂王，通常會(huì)休息并為冬天積累能量儲(chǔ)備，它們正在“到處”移動(dòng)，可能會(huì)

燃燒它們過冬所需的脂肪儲(chǔ)備廠可知，殺蟲劑擾亂了蜜蜂的飛行模式。故選A。

7.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文"What'smore,30%offlightsarcatnight.（更重要的是，30%的蜜蜂是在夜間

飛行）“以及后文"becausesomeregulationsallowfarmerstousepesticidesbetweenduskanddawn,whenbees

werepreviouslythoughttobeinactMe（因?yàn)橐恍┓ㄒ?guī)允許農(nóng)民在黃昏到黎明之間使用殺蟲劑，而這段時(shí)間蜜蜂

被認(rèn)為是不活躍的）“可知，法規(guī)允許農(nóng)民在黃昏到黎明之間使用殺蟲劑，導(dǎo)致原本這段時(shí)間不活躍的蜜蜂也

夜間飛行，所以是揭示了令人擔(dān)憂的信息。故劃線詞意思是“令人擔(dān)憂的”故選C。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thislalesummer,Licznerandherteamwereablelofollow（hebackpackedqueens

tothespotswheretheydugintothegroundtospendthewinter.Whenthequeensemerge,unfoldingtheirwingsin

thespringsunshine,Licznerhopestobetheretolearnmorefromthisunderstudiedspecies.（這個(gè)夏末，Liczner和

她的團(tuán)隊(duì)能夠跟隨背包皇后到他們挖地過冬的地方。當(dāng)蟻后在春天的陽光下展開翅膀時(shí)，Liczner希望能從

這個(gè)未被充分研究的物種身上學(xué)到更多戶可知,Liczner的研究在未來有助于進(jìn)行專門針對(duì)性的保護(hù)。故選D。

3.（24-25高三上?湖北武漢?期末）Pastresearchhasshownthatmanyaspectsofmemoryareaffectedby

ageing,whereasrecognitiontasksthatrelyonwell-knowninformatonarenot.Theeffectofageontheabilityto

recallmusichasalsobeeninvestigated,butSarahSauve,amusicscientistattheUniversityofLincoln,was

interestedinexploringthiseffectinareal-worldsettingsuchasaliveconcert.

InherstudypublishedinPLOSONE,shetestedhowwellagroupof90healthyadults,ranginginagefrom

18to86,wereabletorecognizefamiliarandunfamiliarmusicalthemesataliveconcert.Thestudyfocusedon

threemusicpieces:EinckleineNachtmusikbyMozart,whichmostparticipantswerefamiliarwith,andtwo

experimentalpieces.Oneofthesewastonalandeasytolistento;theotherwasmoreatonal（無調(diào)的）anddidn't

followthetypicalmelodic（旋律的）standardsofWesternclassicalmusic.Ashortmelodicphrasefromeachofthe

threepieceswasplayedthreetimesatthebeginningofthatpiece,andparticipantsthenloggedwheneverthey

recognizedthatthemeinthepiece.

ThemelodicphrasefromtheEinekleineNachtmusikwasequallywellrecognizedacrossallages,withno

tossofrecognitionasageincreased.Allparticipantswerelessconfidentinrecognizingthethemeintheunfamiliar

tonalpiece,andevenlessconfidentwiththeunfamiliaratonalpiece.Thispatter,too,didnotvarywithage.

SteffenHerff,acognitive（認(rèn)知的）neuroscientist,saysthereasonmusicalmemoryseemstoberesistantto

age-relatedcognitivedeclinesmightbeiheemotionsthatmusicstirsinpeople,whichmakesitmorerootedin

memory."Weknowfromgeneralmemoryresearchthat,effectively,theemotionalprocessingoperatesalittlebit

likeanimportantstamp,''hesays.

Thestudycollectedlimiteddataonsomeparticipants'cognitivehealth,andsodidn'tprovidedetailed

insightsintohowcognitivedisordersaffectmemoryrecall.Butitrevealedthegreatinterestinusingmusicasa

memoryaidforotherinformationinindividualswithneurogenerativeconditionssuchasdementia（癡呆）.

9.Whatcanbeinferredfrompreviousresearch?

A.Ageincreaseaffectsmusicalmemory.B.Musicrecallinreallifeproveschallenging.

C.Ageinginfluencesmemoryineveryrespect.D.Establishedknowledgebenefitsrecognition.

10.WhatshouldparticipantsdoinSarahSauve'sexperiment?

A.Compareiherhythms.B.Identifyspecificphrases.

C.Recognizethecomposers.D.Memorizecomplex(hemes.

11.WhydoesSteffenHerff'mention“animportantslamp"inparagraph4?

A.Tostressthepositiveimpactofmusic.B.Toexplainthereasonforcognitivedecline.

C.Toillustratetheroleofemotionsinmemory.D.Toemphasizetheemotions'resistancetoage.

12.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Masic:APowerfulMemoryAidB.MusicalMemory:FreefromAgeing

C.Familiarity:KeytoAgelessMemoryD.MemoryandEmotion:CognitiveTwins

【答案】9.D10.B11.C12.B

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了音樂記憶不受年齡影響的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。

9.推理判斷題。由文章第一，段中“Pastresearchhasshownthatmanyaspectsofmemoryareaffectedbyageing,

whereasrecognitiontasksthatrelyonwell-knowninformationarenot.(過去的研究表明，記憶的許多方面會(huì)受

到衰老的影響，而依賴「?人們熟知信息的識(shí)別任務(wù)則不會(huì)。可知，記憶的許多方面都會(huì)受到衰老的影響，

而依賴于已知信息的識(shí)別任務(wù)則不會(huì)。因此可以推斷出，已確立的知識(shí)有助于認(rèn)知。故選D。

1().細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段中“Ashortmelodicphrasefromeachofthethreepieceswasplayedthreetimesat

(hebeginningofthatpiece,andparticipants(henloggedwhenevertheyrecognizedthatthemeinthepiece.(每首樂

曲開頭都會(huì)播放三次一個(gè)簡短的旋律片段，參與者隨后記錄他便何時(shí)再次識(shí)別出該樂曲主題。廣可知，參與

者需要識(shí)別特定的旋律片段。故選B。

11.推理判斷題.由文章第四段中“SteffenHerfT,acognitive(認(rèn)知的)neuroscientist,saysthereasonmusical

memoryseemsloberesistanttoage-relatedcognitivedeclinesmightbetheemotions(hatmusicstirsinpeople,

whichmakesitmorerootedinmemory."Weknowfromgeneralmemoryresearchthat,effectively,theemotional

processingoperatesalittlebitlikeanimportantstamp,“hesays.(認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)家SteffenHerff表示，音樂記憶

似乎能抵御與年齡相關(guān)的認(rèn)知衰退，原因可能在于音樂能喚起人們的情感，這使得音樂在記憶中扎根更深。

“我們從一般的記憶研究中了解到，實(shí)際上，情感加工有點(diǎn)像是一枚重要的印記，“他說道。廠可知，他提到

，，一個(gè)重要的印記，，是為了說明情感在記憶中的作用。故選c。

12.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Pastresearchhasshownthatmanyaspectsofmemoryare

affectedbyageing,whereasrecognitiontasksthatrelyonwell-knowninformationarenot.Theeffectofageonthe

abilitytorecallmusichasalsobeeninvestigated,butSarahSauve,amusicscientista(theUniversityofLincoln,

wasinterestedinexploringthiseffectinareal-worldsettingsuchasaliveconcert.(過去的研究表明，記憶的許多

方面會(huì)受到衰老的影響，而依賴于人們熟知信息的認(rèn)知任務(wù)則不會(huì)。年齡對(duì)音樂回憶能力的影響也已經(jīng)有

人研究過了，但林肯入學(xué)的音樂學(xué)家SarahSauve卻對(duì)在諸如現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂會(huì)這樣的現(xiàn)實(shí)場(chǎng)景中探究這?影響很

感興趣。）''可知，文章主要講述了音樂記憶似乎不受與年齡相關(guān)的認(rèn)知衰退的影響，并探討了其原因可能是

音樂引發(fā)的情感使音樂記憶更加根深蒂固。因此，B選項(xiàng)“MusicalMemory:Free（YomAgeing（音樂記憶：不

受年齡影響廣最能概括文章主旨。故選B。

4.（2025?山東荷澤?一模）Wikipedia（維基百科），oneofthe'astremainingpillarsoftheopenandfreeweb,

isinexistentialcrisis.

Thetrendtowardsrationality（理性）wasendangeredlongbeforethebirthoftheWorldWideWeb.AsNeil

Postmannotedinhis1985bookAmusingOurselvestoDeath,theriseoftelevisionintroducednotjustanew

mediumbulanewatmosphere:agradualshiftfromatypographic（E[1刷的）culturetoaphotographicone,whichin

turnmeantashiftfromrationalitytoemotions,opinionstoentertainment.

Inanimage-centeredandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisnoplaceforthinking,becauseyou

simplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto“uncoverliesandconfusions,andtodetectabusesof

logicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontraststatements,toconnectone

generalizationtoanother.”

Thedominanceoftelevisionwasnotcontainedtoourlivingrooms.Itoverturnedallofthosehabitsofmind,

fundamentallychangingourexperienceoftheworld,affectingpolitics,religion,business,andculture.Itreduced

manyaspectsofmodernlifetoentertainmentandcommerce."Americansdon'ttalktoeachother,wcentertain

eachother,“Postmanwrote."Theydon'texchangeideas;theyexchangeimages.Theydonotarguewith

Diwosilions;theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials.M

A（first,thewebseemedtopushagainstthistrend.Whenitemergedtowardsthelate1980sasapurely

text-basedmedium,itwasseenasatooltopursueknowledge,notpleasure.Reasonandthoughtweremostvalued

inthisgarden.Universitieswereamongthefirsttoconnecttothisnewmedium,hostingdiscussiongroups,

informativeblogs,electronicmagazines,andacademicforums.Itwasanintellectualproject,notaboutcommerce

orcontrol,createdinascientificresearchcenterinSwitzerland.

Wikipediawasafruitofthisgarden.SowasGooglesearchanditstext-basedadvertisingmodel.Andso

wereblogs,whichvaluedtext,hyperlinks,knowledge,andliterature.Andformorethanadecade,（hewebcreated

analternativespacethatthreatenedtelevision'spoweroversociety.

Socialnetworks,though,havesincecolonizedthewebfbrtelevision'svalues.FromFacebooktoInstagram,

themediumrefocusesourattentior.onvideosandimages,rewardingemotionalappeals—“l(fā)ike”buttonsover

rationalones.Insteadofsearchingforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesspassionfbrinstantapprovalfroman

audience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.Itreducesourcuriositybyshowingusexactly

whatwealreadywantandthink,basedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment'smotlo(座右銘)of

“Darctoknow“hasbecome“Darcnottocaretoknow.”

NowthechallengeistosaveWikipediaanditspromiseofafreeandopencollectionofallhuman

knowledgeamong(heconquestofsocialmedia-howtocollectandpreserveknowledgewhennobodycaresto

know.Weneedtounderstandthatthedeclineof(hewebandtherebyoftheWikipediaispartofamuchlarger

civilizationshiftwhichhasjuststartedtounfold.

13.AccordingtoNeilPostman,whichofthefollowingstatemenisisTRUE?

A.Televisionstartedarevolutioninphotographictechnology.

B.Textshelppeoplethinkcriticallytomakejudgments.

C.Imagesgivepeoplemorechancestocommunicatedeeper.

D.Thewebwasmeanttoserveasanentertainmentplatform.

14.Theunderlinedword“propositions”inparagraph4probablymeans"

A.experiencesB.appearancesC.opinionsD.consequences

15.Whatcanweinterabout(heinfluenceofsocialmediafrom(heunderlinedsentence?

A.Weareconstantlydistractedandcan'tfocusfbrlong.

B.Wearewellkeptupdatedwiththelatestinformation.

C.Wehavebecomemorecuriousabouttheoutsideworld.

D.Wehavebecomeuninterestedinintellectualpursuits.

16.Whichofthefollowingcanbeihcbesttitleofthispassage?

A.TheDeclineofTelevisionB.ThePowerofSocialMedia

C.WhyWeAmuseOurselvestoDeathD.HowSocialMediaEndangersKnowledge

【答案】13.B14.C15.D16.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要對(duì)維基百科等網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)平臺(tái)所面臨的危機(jī)進(jìn)行了深入分析和評(píng)論，

探討了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)從最初的理性、知識(shí)追求導(dǎo)向逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閵蕵?、情感?dǎo)向的趨勢(shì)，以及這一變化對(duì)維基百科

等網(wǎng)絡(luò)知識(shí)平臺(tái)的影響。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段”[nanimagc-ccntcrcdandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisno

placeforthinking,becauseyousimplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto"uncoverliesand

confusions,andtodetectabusesoflogicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontrast

statements,toconnectonegeneralizationtoanother.,XPostman指出，在?個(gè)以影像為中心、受享樂驅(qū)動(dòng)的世界

里，沒有思考的空間，因?yàn)槿藗兏緹o法通過影像來進(jìn)行思考。正是文字使我們能夠“揭露謊言與混淆之

處，察覺邏輯和常識(shí)的濫用情況。它還意味著權(quán)衡各種觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)不同陳述進(jìn)行比較和對(duì)照，將一種概括與

另一種概括聯(lián)系起來“。）“可知，文字能幫助人們?nèi)ソ衣吨e言、箕覺邏輯和常識(shí)的濫用，權(quán)衡觀點(diǎn)、比較對(duì)

照陳述等，也就是幫助人們進(jìn)行批判性思考并做出判斷。故選B。

14.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上下文“Postmanwrote.44Thcydon'texchangeideas;theyexchangeimages.They

donotarguewith...;theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials.”（他們不交換思想，而是交換影像。

他們不就……進(jìn)行爭辯，而是比拼顏值、名人效應(yīng)以及廣告宣傳。）“可知，此處是在將過去人們圍繞某種內(nèi)

容進(jìn)行爭辯的情況和現(xiàn)在只看重外在、名人、廣告等情況作對(duì)比，過去人們應(yīng)該是圍繞觀點(diǎn)、看法之類的

內(nèi)容進(jìn)行爭辯。因此“propositions”與“思想、觀點(diǎn)”意思相近。選項(xiàng)C'pinions”，意為“想法、觀點(diǎn)”與此相符。

故選C。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中“Insteadofsearchingforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesspassionforinstant

approvalfromanaudience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.Itreducesourcuriosityby

showingusexactlywhatwealreadywantandthink,basedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment^

motto（座右銘）of"Darctoknow”hasbecome4tDarcnottocaretoknow."（它不是尋求知識(shí)，而是讓我們陷入一

種無盡的激情中，想要得到觀眾的即時(shí)認(rèn)可，我們一直在無意識(shí)地為之表演。它根據(jù)我們的個(gè)人資料和偏

好，準(zhǔn)確地向我們展示我們已經(jīng)想要和想要的東西，從而降低我們的好奇心。啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的格言“敢于求知”

已經(jīng)變成了“不敢在意求知廠可知，社交媒體讓我們不再追求知識(shí)，而是熱衷于獲得觀眾的即時(shí)認(rèn)可，它

根據(jù)我們的個(gè)人資料和偏好展示我們已經(jīng)想要和思考的東西，降低了我們的好奇心，使我們對(duì)知識(shí)的追求

變得冷漠。故選

16.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章開篇指出維基百科面臨生存危機(jī)，接著回顧了電視興起對(duì)理性

等方面的影響，隨后講述網(wǎng)絡(luò)起初是追求知識(shí)的工具，而后來社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)按照電視的價(jià)值觀占據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間，

改變了人們關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)，削弱了人們的好奇心，讓人們不再在意求知，使得維基百科這樣承載知識(shí)匯集愿

景的平臺(tái)也受到威脅，整體圍繞社交媒體如何危及知以的收集、保存以及人們對(duì)知識(shí)的追求等方面展開論

述。選項(xiàng)D“HowSocialMediaEndangersKnowledge（社交媒體如何危及知識(shí)）”能夠準(zhǔn)確概括文宣主要圍繞社

交媒體對(duì)知識(shí)產(chǎn)生危害這一核心內(nèi)容進(jìn)行論述的主旨，是最合適的標(biāo)題。故選D。

5.（24-25高三上?山西?期末）Thedebateonwhethersmilingorfrowning（皺眉）influencesemotionshas

lastedfordecades.Recently,researchersusedelectricalmusclestimulationtoforceparticipants'mouthsintosmiles

orfrowns,seekingadefinitiveanswer.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactoftheseexpressionsdirectlyimpacts

emotions,makingpeoplefeelmorepositiveornegative.

SebastianKorb,apsychologylecturerattheUniversityofEssex,notesthattheideathatthebodyshapes

emotionsisoldbutnotuniversallyaccepted.Thisconcepthasrootsinthe19thcentury,withCharlesDarwinand

WilliamJamessuggestingthatphysiologicalchangesaffectemotions.Inthe20thcentury,researchersfocusedon

facialexpressions,leadingtothe“facialfeedbackhypothesis(假說)“inthe1970s.However,thishypothesishas

receivedmixedsupport.

A1988Germanstudy,knownasthepentask,foundthaiparticipantswhoheldapenbetweentheir

teeth(facilitatingasmile)foundcaroonsfunnierthanthosewhohelditbetweentheirlips(formingakiss-like

expression).Thissupportedthefacialfeedbackhypothesis.

Inthenewstudy,Korbandhisteamusedelectricalstimulationtotargetspecificfacialmuscles.Theyplaced

electrodes(電極)on58participantsandgraduallyincreasedthecurrentuntilitcausedasmileorfrown.

Participantswereexposedtovariousconditions,includinglookingatablankscreen,ahappyimage,anda

depressingimagewhilesmilingorfrowning.Theyalsounderwentexperimentswithweakerstimulationsthatdidn't

producevisiblefacialmovements.

Theresearchersfoundconnectionsbetweenparticipants'facialfeaturesandtheirfeelingswhenstimulated

strongly.Thestrongestconnectionwaswhensmileswerepairedwithpositiveimages.Evenwithoutaccompanying

imagery,participantsfelthappierwhenstimulatedtosmileandsadderwhenforcedtofrown,althoughtheeffect

wasnotmassive.Korbemphasizedthattheyonlyactivatedcertainmusclesforashortduration.

HeatherLench,aprofessorofpsychologicalandbrainsciencesatTexasA-MUniversity,whowasnot

involvedintheresearch,saysthenewstudywasdonewelland“opensupanewwaytomakefacialexpressions”.

17.Whatmethodwasusedtoforcesmilesorfrownsonparticipantsinthenewstudy?

A.Facialexercises.B.Emotionalrecall.

C.Penholdingtechnique.D.Electricalmusclestimulation.

18.Whoproposedthathowourbodyfeelschangeouremotions?

A.SebastianKorb.B.HeatherLcnch.

C.CharlesDarwinandWilliamJames.D.Researchersin:he20thcentury.

19.WhatisHeatherLcnch'sattitudetowardsthenewstudy?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.indifferent.D.Critical.

20.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.FacialExpressionsHaveaLongHistory

B.GesturesareUsefultoBoostYourEmotions

C.FacialExpressionsDirectlyImpactEmotions

D.PsychologyIsImportaniinChangingEmotions

【答案】17.D18.C19.B20.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章探討了微笑或皺眉是否會(huì)影響人的情緒。研究人員通過電刺激面部肌肉

使參與者做出微笑或皺眉的表情，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些表情動(dòng)作直接影響人的情緒，使人感到更積極或更消極。

17.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Recently,researchersusedelectricalmusclestimulationtoforceparticipants，

mouthsintosmilesorfrowns,seekingadefinitiveanswer.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactoftheseexpressions

directlyimpactsemotions,makingpeoplefeelmorepositiveornegative.（最近，研究人員使用電肌肉刺激來迫使

參與者的嘴露出微笑或皺眉，以尋求明確的答案。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些表情的身體行為直接影響情緒，使人們

感到更積極或更消極。）”可知，研究人員使用了電刺激肌肉的方法來迫使參與者的嘴角上揚(yáng)或卜垂，形成微

笑或皺眉。故選De

18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Thisconcepthasrootsinthe19thcentury,withCharlesDarwinandWilliamJames

suggestingthatphysiologicalchangesaffectemotions.（這個(gè)概念起源于19世紀(jì),查爾斯?達(dá)爾文和威廉?詹姆斯

認(rèn)為生理變化會(huì)影響情緒。戶可知，查爾斯?達(dá)爾文和威廉?詹姆斯提出我們身體的感覺會(huì)改變我們的情緒。

故選C。

19.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“HeatherLench,aprofessorofpsychologicalandbrainsciencesatTexas

A-MUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,saysthenewstudywasdonewelland“opensupa

newwaytomakefacialexpressions"（德克薩斯農(nóng)工大學(xué)的心理和腦科學(xué)教授希瑟?蘭奇沒有參與這項(xiàng)研究，但

她表示，這項(xiàng)新研究做得很好，”開辟了一種做出面部表情的新方法可知HeatherLench對(duì)新研究的態(tài)度

是積極的。故選B。

20.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Thedebateonwhethersmilingorfrowning（皺眉）influencesemotionshaslasted

fordecades.Recently,researchersusedelectricalmusclestimulationtoforceparticipants'mouthsintosmilesor

frowns,seekingadefinitiveanswer.Theyfoundthatthephysicalactoftheseexpressionsdirectlyimpactsemotions,

makingpeoplefeelmorepositiveornegative.（關(guān)于微笑或皺眉是否會(huì)影響情緒的爭論已經(jīng)持續(xù)了幾十年。最近,

研究人員使用電肌肉刺激來迫使參與者的嘴露出微笑或皺眉，以尋求明確的答案。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些表情的

身體行為直接影響情緒，使人們感到更積極或更消極。戶結(jié)合文章探討了微笑或皺眉是否會(huì)影響人的情緒。

研究人員通過電刺激面部肌肉使參與者做出微笑或皺眉的表情，發(fā)現(xiàn)這些表情動(dòng)作直接影響人的情緒，使

人感到更積極或更消極。故C項(xiàng)“面部表情直接影響情緒”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。

6.（24-25高三下?天津?開學(xué)考試）It'sprobablynothardformanyofustocomeupwithspecificmoments

thatfeltjoyful.Butthequestionofwhetherwc*rchappyoverallismuchmorecomplex.Itinvolvesweighingmany

factorsinourlives,goodandbad.Andinthatsense,manypeople—especiallyteensandyoungadults—seem

unhappierthanever.

Youngpeople,especiallythoseintheUnitedStates,justaren'tashappyastheywere10or15yearsago.

That'saccordingtothe2024WorldHappinessReport,publishedbytheUniversityofOxfordinEngland.This

annualreportisbasedonsurveysthataskpeoplearoundtheglobehowsatisfiedtheyarewiththeirlives.

Paricipantsalsoanswerquestionsabouttheirpositiveandnegativeemotionsfromthedaybeforethesurvey.Good

feelingsincludethingslikelaughter,enjoymentandhowinterestedapersonwasintheactivitiestheydid.Negative

emotionsfocusonsadness,