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2025-2026學(xué)年滬教版初中英語八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

(全冊(cè))知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理歸納

Unit1Lookitup!

一、核心詞匯梳理

1.信息查詢工具與動(dòng)作詞匯

工具:dictionary(字典),searchengine(搜索引擎),encyclopedia(百科全書),

textbook(課本)

動(dòng)作:lookup(查閱),searchfor(搜索),findout(查明),check(核對(duì))

搭配:lookupawordinthedictionary(在字典里查單詞),searchforinformation

online(在線搜索信息)

2.信息類型與描述詞匯

fact(事實(shí)),information(信息,不可數(shù)),detail(細(xì)節(jié)),correct(正確的),

useful(有用的)

1列:WeneedtofindcoiTectinformationforourreport.

提示:informalion無復(fù)數(shù),表達(dá)“一條信息”用apieceofinformation

3.查詢相關(guān)短語

askforhelp(求助),lakenotes(記筆記),makesure(確保),dependon(依靠)

例J:Ifyoucan'tfindtheanswer,youcanaskyourteacherforhelp.

二、語法知識(shí)精講

1.賓語從句(how/what/where引導(dǎo),表查詢內(nèi)容)

結(jié)構(gòu):主句+連接詞(how/what/where)+陳述句語序

例:Idon'tknowhowtolookupthisnewword.(簡(jiǎn)化賓語從句,howtodo結(jié)構(gòu))

Sheaskedwherewecouldfindusefulinformation.

重點(diǎn):連接詞需根據(jù)查詢需求選擇,如“如何查”用how,“查什么”用what

2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表客觀規(guī)律(查詢工具的使用方法)

(列:Adictionaryhelpsusunderstandnewwords.

Searchenginesgiveusquickaccesstoinformation.

三、語用句型匯總

1.查詢需求與方法:

HowcanIlookupthiswordifIdon'thaveadictionary?

Youcansearchtoritonasearchengine.

2.查詢結(jié)果與確認(rèn):

Ifoundoutthattheword"delicious1'means"tasty'*.

Let'schecktheinformationtomakesureit'scorrect.

3.求助與建議:

Ican'tfindthedetailaboutthisevent.WhatshouldIdo?

Youcouldaskthelibrarianforhelp-sheknowsalot.

四、寫作指導(dǎo)

1.主題:介紹一種你營(yíng)用的信息查詢工具(如字典、搜索引擎)

2.框架:工具名稱—使用步驟-優(yōu)勢(shì)—使用建議

3.范文片段:

MyfavoriteinformationtoolistheEnglish-Chinesedictionary.WhenImeetanewword,

Ifirstopenthedictionaryandfindthewordbyitsfirstletter.Then,Ireaditsmeaningsand

examplesentences.Thistoolisveryusefulbecauseithelpsmeunderstandwordsdeeply.I

suggestyoutakeasmalldictionarywithyouwhenyoureadEnglishbooks——youcanlookup

wordsanytime!

Unit2Amazingnumbers

一、核心詞匯梳理

1.數(shù)詞分類與表達(dá)

基數(shù)詞:hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百萬),billion(十億)

例:300(threehundred,無s),2,000(twothousand)

序數(shù)詞:first(第一),second(第二),third(第三),tenth(第十),twentieth

(第二十)

用途:表順序(日期、排名),如June1st(六月一日),thethirdfloor(三樓)

分?jǐn)?shù)與百分?jǐn)?shù):1/3(onethird),50%(fiftypercent)

搭配:分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞(例:Twothirdsofstudentslikemath.)

2.數(shù)字應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景詞匯

temperature(溫度,例:25℃=twenty-fivedegreesCelsius),population(人口,例:

thepopulationofChina),age(年齡),speed(速度,例:60km/h=sixtykilometersper

hour)

3.描述數(shù)字的形容詞

huge(巨大的,例:ahugenumberofpeople),tiny(微小的,例:atinynumberof

mistakes),exact(精確的),average(平均的,例:theaveragetemperature)

二、語法知識(shí)精講

1.數(shù)詞的語法搭配

基數(shù)詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(例:fivebooks,threehundredstudents)

序數(shù)詞前加the(例:thefifthlesson),但名詞所有格后省略the(例:Tom's

secondbirthday)

分?jǐn)?shù)修飾名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞決定(例:Onefourthofthewaterisdirty.

/Onefourthofthestudentsareabsent.)

2."Howmuch/Howmany...^^詢問數(shù)量

Howmany+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)(例:Howmanydaysarethereinaweek?)

Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞(例:Howmuchwaterdoweneedeveryday?)

延伸:詢問人口用"What'sthepopulationof...?”(不用howmuch/many)

三、語用句型匯總

1.數(shù)字詢問與描述:

What'sthetemperaturetoday?—It's28degreesCelsius.

Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?—Thereare45.

3.數(shù)字生活問題與建議詞匯

screentime(屏幕時(shí)間),cyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌),protecteyes(保護(hù)眼睛),

balance(平衡),limit(限制)

短語:limitscreentime(限制屏幕時(shí)間),keepabalancebetweenstudyandgames

(平衡學(xué)習(xí)與游戲)

二、語法知識(shí)精講

1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表當(dāng)前數(shù)字活動(dòng)

結(jié)構(gòu):am/is/are+doing

例:Mybrotherisplayingonlinegamesnow.

Wcarchavinganonlineclassat9a.m.today.

標(biāo)志詞:now,atthemoment,look,listen

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表數(shù)字生活的變化(從過去到現(xiàn)在)

結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+過去分詞

標(biāo)志詞:since,for,already,yet

例:Wehaveusedsmartphonesforover5years.

Myparentshavenevershoppedonline.(否定式)

Haveyoueverstudiedonline?(疑問式)

三、語用句型匯總

1.談?wù)摂?shù)字生活口常:

WhatdoyouusuallydoontheInternet?

Iusuallystudyonlineandchatwithmyfriends.

2.討論數(shù)字生活問題與建議:

Ispendtoomuchtimeonscreen.WhatshouldIdo?

Youshouldlimityourscreentimeanddomoreoutdooractivities.

3.描述數(shù)字生活變化:

Peoplehavechangedtheirshoppinghabits-nowmanypeopleshoponline.

Wedidn'thaveonlineclassesbefore,butnowwehavethemwhenwecan'tgotoschool.

四、寫作指導(dǎo)

1.主題:分享我的數(shù)字生活習(xí)慣(或“如何健康使用數(shù)字設(shè)備”)

2.框架(健康使用):我的數(shù)字設(shè)備使用情況一存在的問題一改進(jìn)建議一目標(biāo)

3.范文片段:

Iusemysmartphoneeveryday.Iusuallychatwithfriendsafterschoolandwatchvideos

beforebed.ButIfoundaproblem:Ispend3hoursonscreeneveryday,andmyeyesfeeltired.

NowImakeaplantokeephealthy:first,Ilimitscreentimeto1hourafterschool;second,I

takeaIO-minutebreakevery30minuteswhenusingthephone;third,Idoeyeexercisesbefore

bed.Ihopethisplancanhelpmehaveahealthydigitallife.

Unit4Inventions

一、核心詞匯梳理

1.重要發(fā)明名稱

telephone(電話),Internet(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)),lightbulb(燈泡),computer(電腦),

smartphone(智能手機(jī)),airplane(飛機(jī))

例:ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBell.

2.發(fā)明相關(guān)動(dòng)詞與名詞

動(dòng)詞:invent(發(fā)明,強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)造新事物),creale(創(chuàng)造),improve(改進(jìn),例:

improvethecomputer),use(使用)

名詞:invention(發(fā)明,可數(shù),例:greatinventions),inventor(發(fā)明家,例:

famousinventors),influence(影響,例:theinfluenceoftheInternet)

搭配:inventanewmachine(發(fā)明新機(jī)器),haveabiginfluenceonlife(對(duì)生活有

重大影響)

3.發(fā)明時(shí)間與地點(diǎn)詞匯

in1876(在1X76年),intheUS(在美國(guó)),duringthe20thcentury(在20世紀(jì)),

atthattime(在那時(shí))

例:Thelightbulbwasinventedin1879byThomasEdison.

二、語法知識(shí)精講

1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)(一般過去時(shí),表發(fā)明的時(shí)間、人物)

結(jié)構(gòu):主語(發(fā)明物)+was/were+過去分詞+by+發(fā)明者

例:Thecomputerwasinventedinthe1940s.(不強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)明者時(shí)省略by短語)

TheairplanewasinventedbytheWrightbrothers.

特殊:不及物動(dòng)詞無被動(dòng)語態(tài),如happen(例:Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.)

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(表發(fā)明對(duì)現(xiàn)在的持續(xù)影響)

結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+過去分詞

例:TheInternethaschangedourwayofcommunication.(互聯(lián)網(wǎng)改變/我們的溝通

方式,影響持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在)

Smartphoneshavemadeourlivesmoreconvenient.

三、語用句型匯總

1.詢問發(fā)明信息:

Whenwasthetelephoneinvented?—Itwasinventedin1876.

Whoinventedthelightbulb?一ItwasinventedbyThomasEdison.

2.評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)明影響:

TheInternethasahugeinfluenceonourlives—wecanstudyandworkonline.

Thisinventionisveryusefulbecauseithelpsussavetime.

3.暢想未來發(fā)明:

Ithinkfutureinventionswillhelppeoplelivelonger.

Whatinventiondoyouwanttocreate?—Iwanttocreateamachinethatcleanstheair.

四、寫作指導(dǎo)

1.主題:介紹一項(xiàng)你次為最重要的發(fā)明(如電話、互聯(lián)網(wǎng))

2.框架:發(fā)明名稱一發(fā)明時(shí)間與發(fā)明者一發(fā)明的工作原理(簡(jiǎn)單)一對(duì)生活的影

響—你的看法

3.范文片段:

ThemostimportantinventioninmyopinionistheInternet.Ilwasfirstusedinthe1960s

andbecamepopulararoundtheworldinthe1990s.TheInternetconnectscomputersallover

theworld,sopeoplecanshareinformationeasily.Ithaschangedourlivesalot:wecanstudy

onlineathome,shoponlinewithoutgoingout,andchatwithfriendsfaraway.Ithinkthe

Internetwillbecomeevenmoreimportantinthefuture—itmayhelpsolvebigproblemslike

pollution.

Unit5Goingonanexchangetrip

一、核心詞匯梳理

1.交換旅行準(zhǔn)備詞匯

pack(打包,例:packclothes),prepare(準(zhǔn)備,例:prepareforthetrip),book

(預(yù)訂,例:bookahotel),learn(學(xué)習(xí),例:learnbasicEnglish),makealist(列清

單)

短語:preparefortheexchangetrip(為交換旅行做準(zhǔn)備),makealistofthingstotake

(列要帶的物品清單)

2.交換旅行活動(dòng)與人物詞匯

活動(dòng):visitschools(參觀學(xué)校),experiencelocallife(體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)厣睿?/p>

communicatewithlocalpeople(與當(dāng)?shù)厝私涣鳎?,makefriends(交朋友)

人物:exchangestudent(交換生),hostfamily(寄宿家庭),guide(導(dǎo)游),

classmate(同學(xué))

仞?。荩篒willlivewithahostfamilyduringtheexchangetrip.

3.旅行相關(guān)短語

leavefor(前往,:leaveforLondonnextweek),arrivein/at(到達(dá),大地點(diǎn)in,

小地點(diǎn)at),takephotos(拍照),keepintouch(保持聯(lián)系)

例:WewillarriveinNewYorkat3p.m.tomorrow.

二、語法知識(shí)精講

1.一般將來時(shí)(表交換旅行計(jì)劃)

結(jié)構(gòu)1:will+動(dòng)詞原形(表意愿或客觀計(jì)劃)

例:IwillvisitalocalschoolnextMonday.

Wewillkeepintouchbyemail.

結(jié)構(gòu)2:begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形(表主觀計(jì)劃或有跡象的未來)

例:SheisgoingtolearnFrenchbeforethetrip.

It'sgoingtorain-weshouldtakeanumbrella.

標(biāo)志詞:tomorrow,nextweek,soon,in+時(shí)間段(inamonth)

2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should表旅行建議

結(jié)構(gòu):should+動(dòng)詞原形(肯定);shouldn't+動(dòng)詞原形(否定)

例:Youshouldlearnsomelocalcustomsbeforegoing.

Youshouldn'tbelateformeetingswiththehostfamily.

三、語用句型匯總

1.談?wù)撀眯杏?jì)劃:

Whereareyougoingonyourexchangetrip?—I'mgoingtoAustralia.

Whatwillyoudoduringthetrip?—Iwillvisitschoolsandexperiencelocalfood.

2.尋求與提供旅行建議:

I'mnervousaboutlivingwithahostfamily.WhatshouldIdo?

Youshouldbepoliteandhelpthemwithsmallhousework-theywilllikeyou.

3.表達(dá)期待:

I'mlookingforwardtotheexchangetrip-Iwanttomakenewfriends.

Ihopetolearnalotaboutlocalcultureduringthetrip.

四、寫作指導(dǎo)

1.主題:給筆友寫一封郵件,分享你的交換旅行計(jì)劃

2.框架:?jiǎn)柡蛞桓嬷粨Q旅行計(jì)劃(目的地、時(shí)間)一準(zhǔn)備工作-計(jì)劃的活動(dòng)一

期待與邀請(qǐng)(如“希望能和你見面'')-結(jié)尾祝福

3.范文片段:

DearLucy,

Howareyou?Ihavegoodnewstoshare:IwillgoonanexchangetriptoCanadanext

month!Iwillstaytherefortwoweeksandlivewithahostfamily.Beforethetrip,I'mgoingto

learnbasicEnglishconversationandpackwarmclothesbecauseit'swinterinCanada.During

thetrip,Iwillvisityourschoolandmaybemeetyou!Iwillalsotrylocalfoodlikemaplesyrup

andtakephotostoshowyou.

II'mreallylookingforwardtothistrip.1hopewccanmeetwhenI'mthere.

Bestwishes,

LiMing

Unit6Wisdomcounts

一、核心詞匯梳理

1.智慧相關(guān)名詞與形容詞

名詞:wisdom(智蒸,不可數(shù),例:gainwisdomfromexperience),experience

(經(jīng)驗(yàn),不可數(shù);經(jīng)歷,可數(shù)),advice(建議,不可數(shù),例:followone'sadvice),

decision(決定,例:makeawisedecision)

形容詞:wise(明智的,例:awiseman),clever(聰明的,側(cè)重頭腦靈活),

smart(聰明的,側(cè)重反應(yīng)快),thoughtful(深思熟慮的)

例:Wisdomismoreimportantthanknowledgesometimes.

2.體現(xiàn)智慧的動(dòng)詞與短語

solveproblems(解決問題),makedecisions(做決定),learnfrommistakes(從錯(cuò)

誤中學(xué)習(xí)),helpothers(幫助他人),thinkcarefully(仔細(xì)思考)

例:Awisepersoncansolveproblemsincleverways.

3.描述智慧的短語

befullofwisdom(充滿智慧),havealotofexperience(有豐富經(jīng)驗(yàn)),givegood

advice(給出好建議),thinkoutsidethebox(跳出思維定式)

(列:Mygrandfatherisfullofwisdom——healwaysgivesmegoodadvice.

二、語法知識(shí)精講

1.賓語從句(ihat/what引導(dǎo),表智慧觀點(diǎn))

結(jié)構(gòu):主句+that/what+陳述句語序

例:Ithinkthatwisdomcomesfromlifeexperience.(ihat可省略)

Shedoesn'tknowwhatawisedecisionlookslike.

重點(diǎn):what在從句中作主語或賓語(例:Whathesaidisfullofwisdom,what

作said的賓語)

2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表普遍真理(智慧的規(guī)律)

例:Wisepeoplelistentoothers'advice.

Mistakeshelpusgainmorewisdom.

三、語用句型匯總

1.表達(dá)智慧觀點(diǎn):

Whatdoyouthinkwisdomis?一Ithinkwisdomistheabilitytosolveproblems.

Inmyopinion,wecangainwisdombyhelpingothers.

2.分享智慧故事:

Mymotheroncetoldmeastory:awisemansolvedafightbylisteningtobothsides.

Lastyear,1madeamistakeandlearnedfromit—that'showIgotalittlewisdom.

3.尋求智慧建議:

Idon'tknowhowtomakethisdecision.Canyougivemeadvice?

Youshouldthinkcarefullyabouttheresultsofeachchoice-that'sawiseway.

四、寫作指導(dǎo)

1.主題:分享一個(gè)體現(xiàn)智慧的小故事(可以是自己的、他人的或聽說的)

2.框架:故事背景(時(shí)間、人物、事件)一人物的智慧行為一故事結(jié)果-你從中

學(xué)到的智慧

3.范文片段:

Lastsummer,myneighborhoodhadaproblem:twofamiliesfoughtbecauseatreewasin

thewayofonefamily'swindow.Everyonetriedtoargue,butnoonecouldsolveit.Then,an

oldmanfromourbuildinggaveanidea:hesuggestedmovingthetreealittletotheside,soit

didn'tblockthewindowandstillgaveshade.Bothfamiliesagreed!Thisstoryshowsmethat

wisdomisnotaboutwinninganargument,butaboutfindingawaythathelpseveryone.Iwill

rememberthiswhenIfaceproblems.

Unit7Thesecretofmemory

一、核心詞匯梳理

1.記憶相關(guān)名詞與動(dòng)詞

名詞:memory(記憶,可數(shù)/不可數(shù),例:agoodmemory,havealotof

memories),brain(大腦),method(方法,例:memorymethods),word(單詞,例:

remembernewwords)

動(dòng)詞:remember(記住),forget(忘記),memorize(記憶,側(cè)重刻意記,例:

memorizeapoem),review(復(fù)習(xí),例:reviewtokeepmemory)

搭配:improvememory(提高記憶力),forgettodosth.(忘記做某事,例:forget

totakebooks)

2.記憶方法詞匯

repeat(重復(fù),例:repeatwords3times),connect(聯(lián)系,例:connectnewwords

withpictures),takenotes(記筆記),makemindmaps(畫思維導(dǎo)圖),associate(聯(lián)想,

例:associate"apple"withred)

例:Iusethe"connectmethod"toremembernewEnglishwords—Idrawpicturesnext

tothem.

3.描述記憶的形容詞

good(好的,例:haveagoodmemoryfornumbers),poor(差的,例:apoor

memoryfornames),sharp(敏銳的,例:asharpmemory),long-term(長(zhǎng)期的,例:

long-termmemory),short-term(短期的)

例:Mygrandmahasasharpmemory-shecanrememberthingsfrom50yearsago.

二、語法知識(shí)精講

l.how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(表記憶方法,“如何記憶”)

結(jié)構(gòu):主句+how+陳述句語序/howtodo(簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu))

例:CanyoutellmehowIcanremembernewwords?

Hetaughtmehowtomakemindmapsformemory.

對(duì)比:how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句vs.疑問詞how

(誤:Doyouknowhowtoimprovememory?正:正確,簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu);誤:Doyou

knowhowcanIimprovememory?正:DoyouknowhowIcanimprovememory?)

2.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表記憶習(xí)慣

結(jié)構(gòu):主語+動(dòng)詞原形/三單(主語三單)

例:Ireviewmynoteseveryeveningtokeepmemory.

Sherepeatsnewwordseverymorning—sheneverforgetsthem.

標(biāo)志詞:usually,often,everyday,always

三、語用句型匯總

1.詢問記憶方法與困擾:

HowdoyouremembernewEnglishwords?—Iconnectthemwithpictures.

IalwaysforgetwhatIlearn.WhatshouldIdo?

2.分享記憶技巧:

Youshouldreviewwhatyoulearnwithin24hours—ithelpskeepmemory.

Makingmindmapsisagoodwaytorememberimportantpoints.

3.描述記憶情況:

Ihaveagoodmemoryforstories,butapoormemoryfordates.

Mybrothercanmemorizea100-wordpoemin1()minutes—hismemoryissharp.

四、寫作指導(dǎo)

1.主題:分享一種有效的記憶方法(如“重復(fù)法”“聯(lián)想記憶法”)

2.框架:方法名稱一具體操作步驟T你使用該方法的經(jīng)歷一方法的效果T推薦理

3.范文片段:

Myfavoritememorymethodisthe"associationmethod",anditworkswellfor

rememberingnewwords.Here'showitworks:first,whenIlearnanewwordlike"sun*,Ithink

ofthingsrelatedtoit,suchas"warm","summer"and"beachn.Then,Imakeasmallsentence

withthesewords,like"Thesunmakessummerwarm,andwecangotothebeach."Last,I

writethewordandthesentenceinmynotebook.Iusedthismethodtolearn50newwordslast

month-Iremembered45ofthem!Irecommendthismethodbecauseitmakesmemoryfun,

notboring.

Unit8Petsandus

一、核心詞匯梳理

1.寵物名稱與特征詞匯

名稱:dog(狗),cal(貓),rabbit(兔子),bird(鳥,例:parrot),fish(魚),

hamster(倉(cāng)鼠)

特征:cute(可愛的:),friendly(友好的),clever(聰明的),lazy(懶的,例:a

lazycat),active(5舌躍的,例:anactivedog)

例:Mypetdogisfriendly-shelikestoplaywitheveryone.

2.照顧寵物的動(dòng)詞與短語

feed(喂養(yǎng),例:feedthedogtwiceaday),v/alk(遛,例:walkthedogevery

evening),clean(清理,例:cleanthecat'sbox),takecareof(照顧,=lookafter),give

abath(洗澡)

搭配:lakegoodcareofpets(好好照顧寵物),feedpelsiherightfood(給寵物喂合

適的食物)

3.寵物與人類關(guān)系詞匯

friend(朋友),companion(伙伴,例:petsaregoodcompanionsforoldpeople),

help(幫助,例:guidedogshelpblindpeople),love(愛),

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