外研版初中英語(yǔ)九年級(jí)上冊(cè)閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練卷及答案閱讀理解專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練卷一、閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Passage1Therearemanywetlands（濕地）inChinaandsomeofthemhavebecometheworld'simportantwetlands.TheChineseYellowSeaWetlandsareamongthem.TheyareinYancheng,JiangsuProvince.Theyarehomeformanydifferentkindsofbirdsandanimals.Theworld'slargestMiluDeerNatureReserve（自然保護(hù)區(qū)）isinthem.Morethan700miludeerlivefreelythere.Therearenotmanyredcrownedcranesintheworld,buteverywinteryoucanseesomeintheRedcrownedCraneNatureReserveintheYellowSeaWetlands.Thetemperatureinthewetlandsisusuallyneithertoohighnortoolow.Thereisalotofrainandsunshine,too.Theyarereallygoodplacesforwildlife（野生生物）.Offeringfoodandhomeforsomespecialkindsofanimalsandbirdsisnottheonlyreasonwhyweneedtoprotectwetlands.Wetlandsareimportantbecausetheyalsopreventflood.Butsomepeoplewanttochangethewetlandstomakemorespaceforfarmsandbuildings.Thismeanstherewillbelessandlessspaceforwildlife.Luckily,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizetheimportanceofwetlandsandwildlife.Everyyear,onFebruary2nd,manyactivitiesareheldtotellpeoplemoreaboutwetlands.1.TheChineseYellowSeaWetlandsareinthe_______ofChina.A.eastB.southC.westD.north2.Usuallytheweatherinthewetlandsis_______.A.hotB.pleasantC.coldD.dry3.TheWorldWetlandsDayison_______.A.April22B.June25C.February2D.March224.Wemustprotectwetlandsbecause_______.A.theyarehomeforwildlifeB.theycanpreventfloodC.theycanofferfoodtotheanimalsandbirdsD.alloftheabove5.Somepeoplewanttochange_______tomakemorespaceforfarmsandbuildings.A.landsB.worldC.wildlifeD.wetlandsPassage2Doyouwanttoliveanother100yearsormore?Someexpertssaythatscientificadvanceswillonedayenablehumanstolasttensofyearsbeyondwhatisnowseenasthenaturallimitofthehumanlifespan.“Ithinkweareknockingatthedoorofimmortality（永生）,”saidMichaelZey,aMontclairStateUniversitybusinessprofessorandauthoroftwobooksonthefuture.“Ithinkby2075wewillseeitandthat'saconservativeestimate（保守的估計(jì)）.”AttheconferenceinSanFrancisco,DonaldLouria,aprofessoratNewJerseyMedicalSchoolinNewarksaidadvancesinusinggenesaswellasnanotechnology（納米技術(shù)）makeitlikelythathumanswillliveinthefuturebeyondwhathasbeenpossibleinthepast.“Thereisagreatpushsothatpeoplecanlivefrom120to180years,”hesaid.“Somehavesuggestedthatthereisnolimitandthatpeoplecouldliveto200or300or500years.”However,manyscientistswhospecializeinageingaredoubtfulaboutitandsaythehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.Evenwithhealthierlifestylesandlessdisease,theysayfailureofthebrainandorganswillfinallyleadallhumanstodeath.Scientistsalsodifferonwhatkindoflifethesuperagedmightlive.“Itremainstobeseenifyoupass120,youknow;couldyoubehealthyenoughtohaveagoodqualityoflife?”saidLeonardPoon,directoroftheUniversityofGeorgiaGerontologyCentre.“Atpresentpeoplewhocouldgettothatpointarenotingoodhealthatall.”6.Bysaying“weareknockingatthedoorofimmortality”,MichaelZeymeans_______.A.theybelievethatthereisnolimitoflivingB.theyaresuretofindthetruthaboutlonglivingC.theyhavegotsomeideasaboutlivingforeverD.theyareabletomakepeoplelivebeyondthepresentlifespan7.DonaldLouria'sattitudetowardslonglivingisthat_______.A.peoplecanlivefrom120to180B.itisstilldoubtfulhowlonghumanscanliveC.thehumanbodyisdesignedtolastpastabout120yearsD.itispossibleforhumanstolivelongerinthefuture8.Theunderlined“it”（Para.4）refersto_______.A.agreatpushB.theideaoflivingbeyondthepresentlifespanC.theideaoflivingfrom200to500D.theconservativeestimate9.Manyscientistswhospecializeinageingthinkthat_______.A.thehumanbodyisnotdesignedtolastpastabout120yearsB.itispossibleforhumanstolivelongerinthefutureC.thereisnolimitoflivingD.peoplecouldliveto200or300or500years10.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.LivingLongerorNotB.Science,TechnologyandLongLivingC.NoLimitforHumanLifeD.HealthyLifestyleandLongLivingPassage3Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome78hours'sleepalternatingwithsome1617hours'wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforroundtheclockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversed（顛倒的）routineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.AninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnightshiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidence（發(fā)生率）ofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlongtermpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewaytofindoutthesepeopleisbyatest.Apersonisawakefor24hoursandthen,allowedtogotosleep.Wemeasurehowlongittakeshimtofallasleepandhowlonghesleepsfor.Onepersoncanfallasleepandsleepforalongtimequitequickly,whileanothermaytakemuchlongertofallasleepandsleepforashorttime.Bycomparingthesemeasurementswiththetimeapersontakestoadapttoareversedroutine,wecanfindoutwhichpeoplereallycanadaptmostquicklytothesechanges.11.Themainproblemoftheroundtheclockworkingsystemliesin_______.A.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomationB.thedisturbanceofthedailylifecycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequentlyC.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffectiveD.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers12.Thebestsolutionforimplementingthe24hourworkingsystemseemstobe_______.A.tochangeshiftsfromoneweektothenextB.tohavelongershiftsC.toarrangeforsomepeopletoworkonnightshiftsonlyD.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkers13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker'sperformance.B.Theselectionofanumberofpermanentnightshiftworkershasprovedtobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheroundtheclockworkingsystem.C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.D.Disturbedsleepoccurslessfrequentlyamongpermanentnightworkersthanamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts.14.Itispossibletofindoutifapersoncanadapttothechangesofroutinebymeasuring_______.A.hisbodytemperatureB.hisperformanceatdifferenttimesofthedayC.thetimeheneedstofallasleepandthetimehesleepsforD.thechangesinhisbrainwaves15.Thepurposeofthelastparagraphisto_______.A.statethebestwaytosolvetheproblemofnightshiftworkers'sleepB.givethereasonsforthechangeofthedailycycleinsomepeopleC.illustratetheimportanceofsleepforworkersD.offerawaytorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightwork答案及詳細(xì)解析Passage11.A根據(jù)“TheyareinYancheng,JiangsuProvince.”，江蘇在中國(guó)東部，所以中國(guó)黃海濕地在中國(guó)東部，答案是A。2.B文中提到“Thetemperatureinthewetlandsisusuallyneithertoohighnortoolow.Thereisalotofrainandsunshine,too.”，說(shuō)明濕地的天氣既不太熱也不太冷，還有充足的雨水和陽(yáng)光，是宜人的，所以答案是B。3.C由“Everyyear,onFebruary2nd,manyactivitiesareheldtotellpeoplemoreaboutwetlands.”可知世界濕地日是2月2日，答案是C。4.D文中提到“Offeringfoodandhomeforsomespecialkindsofanimalsandbirdsisnottheonlyreasonwhyweneedtoprotectwetlands.Wetlandsareimportantbecausetheyalsopreventflood.”，說(shuō)明保護(hù)濕地的原因包括為野生動(dòng)物提供家園、防止洪水以及為動(dòng)物和鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)提供食物，所以答案是D。5.D根據(jù)“Butsomepeoplewanttochangethewetlandstomakemorespaceforfarmsandbuildings.”可知有些人想改變濕地來(lái)為農(nóng)場(chǎng)和建筑騰出更多空間，答案是D。Passage26.C“Ithinkweareknockingatthedoorofimmortality”意思是我們正在敲永生的大門(mén)，結(jié)合前文“Someexpertssaythatscientificadvanceswillonedayenablehumanstolasttensofyearsbeyondwhatisnowseenasthenaturallimitofthehumanlifespan.”可知他們對(duì)于人類(lèi)永生有了一些想法，所以答案是C。7.D由“DonaldLouria,aprofessoratNewJerseyMedicalSchoolinNewarksaidadvancesinusinggenesaswellasnanotechnologymakeitlikelythathumanswillliveinthefuturebeyondwhathasbeenpossibleinthepast.”可知DonaldLouria認(rèn)為未來(lái)人類(lèi)有可能活得更久，答案是D。8.B前文提到一些人認(rèn)為人類(lèi)未來(lái)有可能活得比現(xiàn)在更久，而很多研究衰老的科學(xué)家對(duì)此表示懷疑，所以“it”指的是人類(lèi)超越目前壽命的想法，答案是B。9.A根據(jù)“manyscientistswhospecializeinageingaredoubtfulaboutitandsaythehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.”可知很多研究衰老的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人體設(shè)計(jì)的壽命不會(huì)超過(guò)120歲，答案是A。10.A文章主要討論了人類(lèi)是否能夠活得更久，不同科學(xué)家有不同的觀點(diǎn)，所以最佳標(biāo)題是“LivingLongerorNot”，答案是A。Passage311.B文中提到“apersonmayworkfrom12midnightto8a.m.oneweek,8a.m.to4p.m.thenext,and4p.m.to12midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.”，說(shuō)明輪班工作頻繁打亂了工人的日常生活周期，這是晝夜工作