英語專業(yè)八級(jí)改錯(cuò)練習(xí)題及答案解析

Abouthalfoftheinfantandmaternaldeathsindevelopingcountriescould

beavoidedifwomenhadusedfamilyplanningmethodstopreventhighrisk1

pregnancies,accordingtoareportpublishingrecentlybytheJohnsHopking2

University.

Thereportindicatesthat5.6millioninfantdeathsand2,000,900maternal

Deathscouldbepreventedthisyearifwomenchosetohavetheirschildren3

within(hesafestyearswithadequateintervalsamongbirthsandlimitedtheir4

familiestomoderatesize.

Thisamountstoabouthalfofthe9.8millioninfantand370,D00matemal

deathsindevelopingcountries,excludedChina,estimatedforthisyearby5

theUnitedNation'sChildrentsFundandtheUSCentersforDiseaseControl

respcctably.Chinawasexcludedbecauseveryfewbirthsoccurinthehigh6

riskcategories.

Thereportsaysthatevidencesfromaroundtheworldshowstheriskof7

maternalorinfantillanddeathisthehighestinfourspecifictypesof8

pregnancy;pregnanciesbeforethemotheris18yearold;thoseafterthe9

motheris35yearsold;pregnanciesafterfourbirths;andthoselesserthan10

twoyearsapart.

參照答案及解析：

1將hadused改為usedo

由于此句是虛擬語氣，表達(dá)與目前事實(shí)相反，故條件從句中應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。例如:

Manywouldbewiseiftheydidnotthinkthemselveswise.許多人原本會(huì)成為聰穎人一假如他

們不自認(rèn)為聰穎口勺話。

2將publishing改為published

report和publish時(shí)邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)使用publish的過去分詞短語來修飾reporto例如：

Anydiscoverythatwemaymake,howeversmall,willremainacquiredknowledge.任何也許的I發(fā)

現(xiàn)，不管多么微局限性道，都將成為知識(shí)寶庫中U勺一部分。

3將theirs改為their

4將among改為between

在兩次懷孕期間留出足夠的間隔時(shí)間，故用between.

5將過去分詞excluded改為介詞excluding。

excluding意為"不包括…”

6將respectably改為respectively

respectively意為“分別地”，符合句子的意思。而respectably意為“可敬H勺，值得尊敬

地

7將evidences改為evidence<)

evidence是不可數(shù)名詞。

8將ill改為illnesso

9將year改為years0

10將lesser改為less

“Home,sweethome”isaphrasethatexpressanessential

attitudeintheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthe

familyhouseissweetornosweet,thecherishedidealofhome1

hasgreatimportanceformanypeople.

ThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,

dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenthcenturyEuropeansettlers

ofAmericanWest,wastofindapieceofplace,buildahouse2

forone'sfamily,andstartedafarm.Thesesmallhouseholdswere3

portraitsofindependence:theentirefamily-mother,father,children,

evengrandparents-liveinasmallhouseandworkingtogetherto4

supporteachother.Anyoneunderstoodthelife-and-deathimportance5

offamilycooperationandhardwork.Althoughmostpeopleinthe

UnitedStatesnolongerliveonfarms,but(heidealofhomeownership6

isjustasstronginthetwentiethcenturyasitwasinthenineteenth.

WhenU.SsoldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarII,forexample,7

theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstartingfamilies.Buttherewas8

atremendousboominhomebuilding.Thenewhouses,typicallyin

thesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorlessidentical,butitsatisfied9

adeepneed.Manyregardedthesingle-familyhousethebasisoftheir10

wayoflife.

參照答案及解析:

當(dāng)我行善事，我感到坦然；當(dāng)我行惡時(shí)，我感到內(nèi)疚。這就是我日勺人生之道。

9將it改為they

10在housethe中間加入介詞as

regard**-as作”把...當(dāng)作....”講。

Weliveinasocietywhichthereisalotoftalkaboutscience,butIwouldsay1

thattherearenot5percentofthepeoplewhoareequippedwithschool,including

college,tounderstandscientificreasoning.Wearemoreignorantofscienceaspeople

_____2_____

withcomparableeducationinWesternEurope.

Therearealotofkidswhoknoweverythingaboutcomputers-howtobuild

them,howtotakethemapart,andhowtowriteprogramsforgames.Soifyouask3

themtoexplainabouttheprinciplesofphysicsthathavegoneintocreatingthe4

computer,youdon'thavefaintestidea.5

Thefailuretounderstandscienceleadstosuchthingslike(heneglectofhuman6

creativepower.ltalsotakesrisetoblurringofthedistinctionbetweenscienceand7

technology.Lotsofpeopledon'Idifferbetweenthetwo.Scienceistheproductionof8

newknowledgethatcanbeappliedornot,andtechnologyistheapplicationof

knowledgetotheproductionofsomeproducts,machineryorthelike.Thetwoare

reallydifferent,andpeoplewhohavethefacultyforoneveryseldomhavea

facultyfortheothers._____9

Scienceinitselfisharmless,moreorless.Butassoonasitcanprovidetechnology,

it'snotnecessarilyharmful.Nosocietyhasyetlearnedtoforecasttheconsequencesof

10

newtechnology,whichcanbeenormous.

參照答案及解析：

1.在which前加in,或?qū)/hich改為where

在這里which引導(dǎo)限制性從句，修飾先行詞thesociety。inwhich在從句中作狀語，當(dāng)然也可

以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作狀語，例如：

Moneyisabottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybedrowned.

2.將as改為than

3.將So改為But或者Hov/ever或者Neverthelesso

由于這里上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

4.將about去掉

由于explain是及物動(dòng)詞。

5.將you改為they

6.將like改為as

由于suchas是固定搭配。

7.將takes改為gives

giveriseto表達(dá)”引起，導(dǎo)致”之意。

8.將differ改為distinguish

牽著表達(dá)“有區(qū)別”。后者表達(dá)“辨別，找出……的差異。

9.將others改為other

這樣iheother就和上文的。ne構(gòu)成固定搭配，表達(dá)在兩個(gè)中“一種……；此外一種

10.將harmful改為harmless,只有這樣才可以體現(xiàn)上下文日勺對(duì)■比關(guān)系。

Whatisablackhole?Well,itisdifficulttoanswerthequestion,

asthetermswewouldnonnallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenon_1_

areadequatehere.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeis_2—

aregionofspacewhichmatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcan_3_

escape—notevenlight.Butwecan'tseeablackhole.Ablackhole_4—

exertsastronggravitationalpullandyetithasnoinattcr.ltisonly

space—orthuswethink.Howcanthishappen?—5—

Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhen(heirdensityincreases

toaparticularpoint;they“collapse“andsometimesasupernovaoccurs.

ThecollapseofastarmayproduceauWhiteDwarf"ofa“neuironslar”——

astarwhichmatterissodensethatifcontinuallyshrinksbytheforceof_6___

itsowngravity.Butifthestarisverylarge,thisprocessofshrinkingmay

besointensethatablackholeresultsin.Imaginetheearthreducedtothe_7—

sizeofamarble,butstillhaving(hesamemassesandastronger_8_

gravitationalpulLandyouhavesomeideasoftheforceofablackhole.—9—

Andnomatterneartheblackholeissuckedin.—10―

參照答案及解析：

supernova名詞，［天］超新星

1.將as改為since或者because。在表達(dá)原因的連接詞中，只有as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句不能

位于主句之后，只能位于句首。

2.將adequate改為inadequate,或者在are后加not。從邏輯上分析，由于我們擁有U勺科學(xué)術(shù)

語“不充足”，因此才無法回答這個(gè)問題，因此用否認(rèn)形式。

3.在which前加inm這是一種定語從句，意思是“黑洞是太空中物質(zhì)可以掉進(jìn)去的地方”，

因此定語從句應(yīng)當(dāng)為Mintowhichmatterhasfallen

4.將but改為soo上文已提到“連光都無法從黑洞中逃出”，因此我們主線無法看到黑洞。

這里應(yīng)當(dāng)是因果關(guān)系，而不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

5.將thus改為s。。這句話的意思是“那只是空間一或者我們認(rèn)為它只是空間二so做thirk的

賓語,thus只能做連詞，不能做賓語。

6.將which改為whoseo這個(gè)定語從句日勺意思是“它是?顆星，其密度非常大，由于自身日勺

引力，它在不停地收縮"。matter屬于siar,因此關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用whose。

7.去掉in。result為不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“形成了"，而“resuliinslh.”意為“導(dǎo)致某成果二

8.將masses改為mass。mass可指“大量H勺物質(zhì)”，而“themasses”特指“勞動(dòng)群眾”,用

在此處不妥。

9.將ideas改為idea。"idea”在體現(xiàn)“印象”時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞,不可以用復(fù)數(shù)。

10.將no改為any。分析便知，任何在黑洞附近的東西都會(huì)被吸進(jìn)去。

改錯(cuò)題出現(xiàn)的I錯(cuò)誤常常包括：語法；詞匯；語篇

I.語法包括英語的時(shí)態(tài)，語態(tài)，倒裝句，虛擬語氣，主，謂，賓在數(shù)，格，人稱上的一致。

2.詞匯方面，短文改錯(cuò)在用詞上的錯(cuò)誤重要集中在如下幾種方面：

名次單復(fù)數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的差異，形容詞與副詞，連詞與介詞口勺誤用，同義詞日勺

混淆等。

3.語篇的改錯(cuò)意在測(cè)試做題者在詳細(xì)語境上下文中使用語法和詞匯的J能力。從邏輯的意義上

看，句與句之間的關(guān)系可以分為次序，并列，時(shí)間，空間，層遞，對(duì)比，轉(zhuǎn)折，解釋，因果，過

渡，推論等。最佳日勺做法是先通讀全文，結(jié)合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系回答問題。

Thegreatwhalesareamongthemostfascinatingcreatureswhich_1—

haveeverlivedontheearth,andoneofthem,thebluewhale,isthe

largest.Peopleinancienttimesthoughtwhalesasfearsome_2—

monstersoftheoceandepths.Sotohuntawhale,whenone

occasionallyswamtowardshore,hewashighadventure.People_3—

foundtheadventurewasrewarding,too.fbrtheoilandmeatfrom

onewhalealonecouldheatandfeedavillageforawholewinter.

Whalesresemblehugefish.Theywerereferredbytheancientsas_4_

“greatfish,"andanywhalebeachingalongthecoastsofEngland

wasdesignatedutheKing'sfish”becauseitautomaticallybelonged

totheCrown.

Eversincethoseearlytimes,humanhavefeltwhalesasenseof_5_

wondermixedwithanintensedesiretocapture,slaughter,and

exploit.Nowtheslaughterhasreachedalarmingproportions._6_

Eventhoughsomespeciesareprotectedbytheregulationsof

theInternationalWhalingCommissionandtheoreticallyallwhale

huntingisregulated,buttheearth'sstockofwhalesisstillbeing_7_

depleted.Infact,somescientistsworrythat100yearssincenow_8—

theremaybenowhalesleftIfthishappens,mankindwill

beblameforremovingfromtheearthforeveraremarkableand_9—

awe-inspiringcreaturethatalwaysfedman'simaginationand_10_

madetheworldamoreexcitingplace

參照答案及解析?：

I.將which改為that?先行詞由最高修飾時(shí)定語從句的J關(guān)系代詞只能用thato

2.在thought背面加of,或者將thought改為regarded.5°thinkofAasB",指"把A看作B”,

為固定搭配。

3.去掉he。這句話日勺主語是“tohuntawhale”，atohuntawhalewashighadventure中間

的I“when…”只是插入的J狀語從句。

4.在referred后加to?！皉eferioAasB”只“把A稱作B"，這句話的意思是“古人把鯨稱作

大魚二

5.在felt后加for。這句話實(shí)際的構(gòu)造是^feelasenseofwonderforwhales指“對(duì)鯨懷有驚

奇的感覺”，f?！敢鰧?duì)象。

6.在exploit后加Iherripcaplure,slaughter,exploit都是及物動(dòng)詞，背面必須加賓語。

7.去掉but。前面已經(jīng)有"eventhough",背面就不應(yīng)當(dāng)再用but。

8.將since改為from。"100yearsfromnow”指“從目前起1后”since只能用于完畢時(shí)。

9.在blame前加to。“betoblameforsth"指"對(duì)某事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任”,為固定搭配。

10.在always前加has。這個(gè)定語從句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)目前的影響，很明顯應(yīng)當(dāng)用完畢時(shí)，不能用過去

式。

Weuselanguageeveryday.Weliveinaworldofwords.Hardlyany

momentpasseswithsomeonetalking,writingorreading.Indeed,_1_

languagesismostessentialtomankind.Ourlivesincreasinglydepend

onfastandsuccessfuluseoflanguage.Strangelyenough,weknow_2_

moreaboutthingsaroundusthanonourselves.Forexample,language_3—

isspeciesspecific,(hatis,itislanguagethatdiffershumanfrom_4_

animals.However,wedonotknowyethowexactlyweinquirelanguage_5—

andhowitispossibleforustoperceivethroughlanguage;norwe_6_

understandpreciselythecombinationsbetweenlanguageandthought,—7—

languageandlogic,orlanguageandculture;stillless,howandwhen

languagestarted.Onereasonforthisinadequateknowledgecflanguage

isthatwe,likelanguageusers,taketoomanythingsfbrgranted._8_

Languageconiestoeverynormalpersonsonaturallythatafsw_9一

ofusstoptoquestionwhatlanguageis,muchlessdowefeelthe

necessitytostudyit.Languageisfarmorecomplexthanmostpeople

haveprobablyimaginedandthenecessitytostudyitisfargreaterthan

somepeoplemayhaveassured.Linguisticisabranchofsciencewhich_10—

takeslanguageasitsobjectofinvestigation.

參照答案及解析：

I.with改為without?vhardyanymomentpasseswithoutsomeone---n,兩個(gè)否認(rèn)：wiihout和

hardly,意思是“每一時(shí)刻有人...

2.fast前面加the由于fastandsuccessfuluse這個(gè)詞組后邊有一種前置詞短語oflanguage

修飾use,因此被修飾日勺詞前面加定冠詞。

3.thanonourselves改為thanthingsonourseNes。在這里匕較『、J是兩件事：thingsaroundusand

thingsonourselves（我們周圍的事物和我們自身的東西）。第二個(gè)things不能省略，否則引起

誤解。

4.differs改為distinguishes。語言辨他人與動(dòng)物,differ是不及物動(dòng)詞，背面不能帶賓語，只能

用介詞，如:Mandiffersfromanimalsinthatmanpossesseslanguageo

5.inquire改為acquire“習(xí)得語言”應(yīng)當(dāng)是acquirelanguage,名詞短語是languageacquisition＜）

Inquire是“問詢”的意思。

6.we前面加上do副詞nor放在句首表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)，應(yīng)用倒裝句，一般目前時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)句是在主語前

面加助動(dòng)詞do。

7.combination改為relationships.語言和思維的關(guān)系，不是結(jié)合；語言和思維的關(guān)系是現(xiàn)代語

言學(xué)研究的重要領(lǐng)域。

8.1ike改為aso根據(jù)上下文,要體現(xiàn)日勺意思是“作為語言的使用者”,不是“像語言的使用

者二

9.a去掉這里與否認(rèn)的意思：“我們沒有多少人……”而不是“我們某些人

lO.assured改為assumed.這句H勺后半部分意思是“研究語言的必要性比我們想象的要大得

多”。Assure譯為“保證”；assume譯為“假設(shè)”或者“想象”的意思。

Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslittleas

tenyearsbefore,youcan'thelpbeingstruckedbythe_1—

appearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhairstylesand

make-uplookdate;theirskirtslookeithertoolongortoo_2—

short;theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyludicrous.

Thementakingpart,onotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable.—3—

Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggestthat

theybelongtoanentiredifferentage.Thisillusioniscreated_4—

bychangingfashions.Overtheyears,(hegreatminorityofmen_5_

havesuccessfullyresistedallattemptstomakeitchangetheir_6—

styleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachyear.

afewerso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydown_7—

onthelawandwomenaroundtheworldruntoobey.The_8_

decreesofthedesignersareunpredictableanddictatorial.

Sometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortand.__9―

waistswillbeheight:hipsareinandbuttonsareout.—10一

參照答案及解析:

1.strucked改為struck或者stricken

過去分詞形式有誤。strike的過去式是struck,過去分詞為struck或者siricken。

2.date改為dated或者outdated

3.onotherhand改為ontheotherhand

4.entire改為entirely

副詞修飾形容詞different,并與different一起修飾age。

5.minority改為majority

從上下文以及常識(shí)判斷，多半男性成功地抵制了變化他們服裝款式的企圖，即數(shù)年來，男性

大服裝款式跟女性服飾相比沒有多大的變化。

6.it改為them

them指代（hegreatmajorityofmen。

7.fewer改為few

此處沒有比較日勺意味。

8.去掉on

laydown為習(xí)語，表達(dá)“規(guī)定（規(guī)則，原則，法規(guī)等）”。

9.sometime改為sometimeso

lO.height改為high

形容詞作be的表語。

DemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremore

eagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriage

forbothmenandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheight_1—

aftermorethanahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom.M_2_

Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelylarge

familiesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedarr.ajorbuttemporary_3_

reversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly

1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheir_4_

Europecounterparts.—5—

Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwhoformed_6_

familiesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthedivorcerateaftera_7—

postwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatof_8_

coupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStates_9—

maintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhaving(hehighestdivorceratein(heworld,

thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameextentinEurope.—10一

Contrarytofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnot

abandoned.

參照答案及解析：

1.將height改為high/peak,

整句話的大意為他們把男女的婚齡降了下來，使出生率到達(dá)了20世紀(jì)日勺高峰。

high可以用作名詞，意為“高峰”，“高水準(zhǔn)”，“最高紀(jì)錄”。

height可以作“極點(diǎn),頂點(diǎn)”解釋。例如：Theheightofclevernessistoconcealone1sclevernesso

2.將第二個(gè)不定冠詞a去掉。

steadydecline意為持續(xù)歐I卜降，前面不用加冠詞。又如：yearsofhardwork。根據(jù)語感可以判

斷出來。

3.在went后加on,或?qū)ent改為lasted,,

此處是“持續(xù)”口勺意思，因此可以用wenton或者last來體現(xiàn)。

4.將high改為higheio

此處意為美國(guó)人結(jié)婚率比此前提高了，有與戰(zhàn)前相比的意思，因此應(yīng)用比較級(jí)。

5.將Europe改為European?

6.刪掉more。此處的大意為戰(zhàn)后離婚率也下降了，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象不大有人注意，但同樣也很重要。

此外,more與equally相矛盾。

7.將nevertheless改為also或者刪掉neverthelesso

此處上下文之間不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。

8.將that改為thoseo

此處的代詞應(yīng)指marriages這個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此應(yīng)用those。此處考察代詞與先行詞一致日勺問

題。

9.將Since改為AhhoughfThough/While。此處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，不是因果關(guān)系。

10.將in改為too短語totlieextent是固定搭配。

Whenyoustarttalkingaboutgoodandbadmannersyouimmediatelystart

meetingdifficulties.Manypeoplejustcannotagreewhattheymean.Weaskeda

lady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell-manneredpersononthe_I_

waytheyoccupiedthespacearoundthem—forexample,whensuchaperson

walksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareofothers.Suchpeoplenever_2_

bumpintootherpeople.

However,asecondpersonthoughtthatthiswasmoreaquestionof

civilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners.Instead,thisotherpersontoldusastory,—3—

ithesaidwasquitewell-known,aboutanAmericanwhohacbeeninvited_4_

toanArabmealatoneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast.TheAmerican_5—

hasn'tbeentoldverymuchaboutthekindoffoodhemigh:expect.Ifhehad_6_

knownaboutAmericanfood,hemighthavebehavedbetter.—7—

Immediatelybeforehimwasaveryflatpieceofbreadthatlooked,to

him,verymuchasanapkin.Pickingitup,heputitintohiscollar,sothat_8—

itfallsacrosshisshirt.HisArabhost,whohadbeenwatching,_9_

saidofnothing,butimmediatelycopiedtheactionofhisguest.—10一

Andthat,saidthissecondperson,wasafineexampleofgoodmanners.

參照答案及解析：

1.將on改為by。

“bytheway”作“根據(jù)……方式”講。

2.將unaware改為aware

根據(jù)下文中日勺“Suchapersonneverbumpintootherpeople”判斷,這種人不會(huì)“目中無人

3.將as改為（han

“more+adj/of+n+than”是固定搭配。

4.將it改為which

which在此引導(dǎo)一種非限制性定語從句,which在從句中作主語，需要注意的I是，在從句中he

said是插入語。

5.將at改為in

名詞thecountry前要用介詞in?

6.將hasn't改為hadnt

根據(jù)上下文我們可以看出這里需要使用過去完畢時(shí)。

7.將American改為Arab。根據(jù)上文，我們可以看出，這里講述的是赴“阿拉伯”老式宴會(huì)日勺

“美國(guó)人”的故事，而不是赴“美國(guó)”老式宴會(huì)的“美國(guó)人”口勺故事。

8.將as改為like

介詞as意思為“作為"，like意思為“像

9.將falls改為fell

這里要使用一般過去時(shí)。

10.將第一種of刪掉。

say作為及物動(dòng)詞，背面可直接跟名詞作賓語。

Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothing

newinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheir

originalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis_1—

goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof_2_

prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.Therearebackwardtownsonthe

edgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof_3_

seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis_4—

thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorof

MexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery_5—

dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday-thepoorcanstillbenumbered_6_

inmillions.

Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies_7_

twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants_8—

fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe_9_

countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflood_10—

-ingoutagaintothesuburbs.

參照答案及解析：

1.在newone前加a

這里one指代上下文中的可數(shù)名詞purpose,因此該詞前要有限定詞。

2.將filling改為filled

在這里，非謂語動(dòng)詞fill與句子的)who(poorimmigrants;之間是邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此要使用

過去分詞來表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義,

3.去掉though

4.將this改為what

根據(jù)句子構(gòu)造，我們可以看出這里需要一種關(guān)系代詞，它既能引導(dǎo)主語從句，同步也可以在

從句中作主晤，這個(gè)關(guān)系代詞就是what。如：

WhatIlikeinagoodauthorisnotwhathesays,butwhathewhisperso

5.將was改為were

that引導(dǎo)定語從句,其先行詞是descriptions,,,andtheenormouscontrasts,因此謂語動(dòng)詞be要

用復(fù)數(shù)。

6.將dissimilar改為similar

這里要表達(dá)的是“共同，相似”之處。

7.將lies改為lie

behinditlietwomyths是個(gè)倒裝句，主語為Iwomylhs,可見謂語動(dòng)詞要使用復(fù)數(shù)。

8.將that改為which

這里是?種非限制性定語從句，因此不可用that,而要用whicho

9.將it改為them

復(fù)數(shù)名詞immigrants的代詞，因此要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

1().將late改為later

Artistsusecaricaturetodistortthehumanfaceorfigureforcomicaffect,—1

whileatthesametimecapturinganidentifiablelikenessandsuggeststheessence_2—

ofthepersonalityorcharacterbeneath(hesurface.Thehumorliesinthefact_3_

thecaricatureisrecognizable,andyetexaggerated.

FromtheirorigininEuropeaswittysketches,caricaturegrewthrough_4_

theeighteenthandnineteenthcentury,becomingenormouslypopularin_5—

theUnitedStatesearlyinthiscentury.in1920sand1930sespecially,

thislivelyformofillustrationwasappearedinnewspapersand_6—

magazinesthroughoutthecountry.Thccaricaturistsinthiseradrewhis_7_

portraitsofimportantfiguresprimarytoentertain.Inspirittheirworkwas_8—

closetothehumorofthefast-developingcomicstripandgagcartoonthantothe_9_

stringofpoliticalsatire.Theirsubjectsweremoreoftenamusingthanoffended_10—

byamiableattacks.

參照答案及解析：

1.將affect改為effect

affect是動(dòng)詞。effect是名詞。

2.將suggests改為suggesting

這是一種以while引導(dǎo)曰勺從句，其中suggest應(yīng)當(dāng)與capturing并列。

3.在fact背面加I：that

由于引導(dǎo)同位語從句的關(guān)系詞不可以省略。

4.將(heir改為its

這里its指代單數(shù)名詞caricature

5.將cemury改為復(fù)數(shù)形式

6.將was省略

叩pear是不及物動(dòng)詞，不應(yīng)用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

7將his改為their

這里指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞thecaricaturists

8.將primary改為primarily

primarily在這里做狀語，修飾不定式短語

9.將close改為比較級(jí)形式closer

從背面的連詞than,可以看出，這里使用了比較狀語從句

10.將amusing改為amused

主語subject（受襲擊的人）和amuse的邏輯關(guān)系是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞形式。

Mostpeoplewoulddescribewaterlikeacolorlessliquid.They_1_

wouldknowthatinverycoldconditionsitbecomesasolidcalled

iceand（hatwhenheatingonafireitbecomesavaporcalledsteam._2_

However,water,theywouldsay,isaliquid.Wehavelearnedthat

waterconsistsofmoleculescomposedwithtwoatomsofhydrogen_3_

andoneatomofoxygen,whichwedescribebytheformulaH2O.

Thisisequallytrueofthesolidcallediceandthegascalledsteam.

Chemicallythereisnodifferencebetweenthegas,theliquid,and

thesolid,allofwhichismadeupofmoleculeswiththeforniulaH2O.—4—

Thisistrueofotherchemicalsubstances;mostofthemcanexistas

gasesorasliquidsorassolids.Wemaynormallythinkofironasa

solid,butifwewillheatitinafurnace,itwillmeltandbecomea_5_

liquid,andatveryhightemperaturesitwillbecomeagas.Nothing

verypermanentoccurswhenagaschangesintoaliquidorasolid.

Everyoneknowsthatice,whichhasbeenmadebyfreezingwater,

canbemeltedagainbywannedandthatsteamcanbecondensed_6_

onacoldsurfacetobecomeliquidwater.Infact,itisonlybecause

waterissoafamiliarsubstancethatdifferentnamesareusedfor_7_

thesolid,liquidandgas.Mostsubstancesareonlyfamiliarwith_8—

usinonestate,becausethetemperaturesrequiringtoturnthem_9_

intogasesareveryhigh,orthetemperaturesnecessarytoturnthem

intosolidsaresolow.Waterisanexceptioninthisrespect,which

isanotherreasonwhyitsthreestateshavegiventhreedifferentnames.—10一

參照答案及解析：

1.改like為as

describesthassth是把...描述成....日勺意思。

2.改heating為heated

在時(shí)間，條件，讓步等狀語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語和主句主語是一致的時(shí)候，可以將從句的主

語和beE向變化形式省略。

3.改with為of

becomposedof意思為“包括，由...構(gòu)成”

4.改ismadeup為aremadeup

which指代上文中日勺thegas,theliquid,andthesolid,表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此要用are

5.將第一種will去掉

在時(shí)間條件狀語從句和條件狀語從句中要用目前時(shí)表達(dá)未來時(shí)。

6.by改為when

whenwarm相稱于whenitiswanned

7.改so為such

8.改with為to

短語familiarto背面才能接“某人"familiarwith是接sth

9.改requiring為required

過去分詞短語作后置定語時(shí)，和被修飾H勺名詞時(shí)邏輯動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

10.have后加been

動(dòng)詞give和主語threestates是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Insocialsituations,theclassicIntentionMovementis“ihe

chair-graspM.Hostandguesthavebeentalkingforsometime,but

nowthehosthasanappointment(okeepandcangelaway.Hisurge_1_

togoisheldincheekbyhisdesirenotberudetohisguest.Ifhedid_2—

notcareofhisguest'sfeelingshewouldsimplygetupoutofhischair_3—

andtoannouncehisdeparture.Thisiswhathisbodywantstodo,_4_

thereforehispolitenessglueshisbodytothechairandrefusestolethim_5—

raise.ltisatthispointthatheperformsthechair-graspIntention_6_

Movement.Hecontinuestotalktotheguestandlistentohiir,butleans

forwardandgraspsthearmsofthechairasabouttopushhimselfupwards._7_

Thisisthefirstacthewouldmakeifhewererising.Ifhewerenot_8—

hesitating,itwouldonlylastthefractionofthesecond.Hewouldlean,_9_

push,rise,andbeup.Butnow,instead,itlastsmuchlonger.He

holdshis“readiness-to-rise“postandkeepsonholdingii.ltisasifhis_10—

bodyhadfrozenattheget-readymoment.

答案及解析：

1.將can改為must

根據(jù)上下文口勺意思“主人有一種約會(huì)，必須離開”是客觀規(guī)定，而不是“能不能”或者“可

不可以”的問題。

2.not背面加to

desire后應(yīng)當(dāng)加動(dòng)詞不定式lodosomething。

3.將of改為about

careabout意思為“對(duì)…在意，在意”,而careof意思為"轉(zhuǎn)交”

（覺得還可以直接去掉of,care自身也有在意的意思，可是答案不這樣寫，你怎么看嘲？）

4.刪掉and或者10。

5.將therefore改為yet或but

這兩部分之間應(yīng)是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系。

6.將raise改為rise

raise是及物動(dòng)詞，背面必須加賓語，并且在此與文章意思不符。rise意為“起身”，”站起

來”，符合文義。

7.在as和about之間加上if或者though

此處的意思是主人身子往前傾，雙手抓著椅子，仿佛就要站起來同樣。asif/thoughtodo

something意思為“仿佛要做什么事情二

8.將make改為perform或do

此處考察搭配問題，動(dòng)詞make與前面的act不能搭配。

9.將the改為a

afractionofasecond意思為非常短暫的I時(shí)間。

10.將post改為posture

Thehunter-gatherertribesthattodayliveasourprehistorichuman_1—

ancestorsconsumeprimarilyavegetabledietsupplementingwithanimalfoods_2_

Ananalysisof58societiesofmodernhunter-gatherers,includingtheKungof

southernAfrica,revealedthatone-halfemphasizegatheringplantsfoods,

one-thirdconcentrateonfishing,andonlyone-sixthareprimarilyhunters,

Overall,two-thirdsandmoreofthehunter-gatherer,scaloriescomefrom_3_

plants.DetailedstudiesoftlieKungbythefoodscientistsattheUniversity

ofLondon,showedthatgatheringisamoreproductivesourceoffood

thanishunting.Anhourofhuntingyieldsinaverageabout100edible_4—

calories,asanhourofgatheringproduces240.—5—

Plantfoodsprovidefor60percentto80percentoftheKungdiet,andno_6_

onegoeshungrywhenthehuntfails.Interestingly,iftheyescapefatalinfections

oraccidents,thesecontemporaryaborigineslivetooldagesdespiteoftheabsence_7_

ofmedicalcare.Theyexperiencenoobesity,nomiddle-agedspread,little

dentaldecay,nohighbloodpressure,noheartdisease,and(heirblood

cholesterollevelsareverylow(abouthalfoftheaverageArriericanadult).—8—

Ifnooneissuggestingthatwereturntoanaboriginallifestyle,wecertainly_9_

couldusetheireatinghabitsasamodelforhealthierdiet.—10一

參照答案及解析：

1.將as改為like

此處的意思是“像史前人類祖先那樣生活工

2.將supplementing改為supplemented

supplemented修飾diet,可以看作whichissupplementedwithanimalfoods的簡(jiǎn)化形式。

3.將and改為or

4將in改為on

onaverage是固定使用方法。

5.將as改為while或者whereas

6.刪掉for,或者將provide改為account

此處provide是及物動(dòng)詞，背面不用介詞for

7.刪掉第一種of

despite做介詞，背面直接接名詞。

8.在half后加that

that指代前面H'、Jbloodcholesterollevels,不能省略，由「這里是將部落組員艮I膽固醇含量與

美國(guó)人的膽固醇含量相比較。

9.將if改為whereas或者while

此處意思為“盡管沒有人……，不過……”，是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

10.在「or背面加不定冠詞a。

Therearegreatimpedimentstothegeneraluseofastandardin