高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)解題技巧(超強(qiáng))及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類(lèi)1．閱讀理解

TheUnitedStatesishometo562recognizedAmericanIndianNationseachwithitsownlanguage.

Yetthenumberofnative.Americanswiththeabilitytospeaktheirtribe'slanguagehasdecreasedoverthepastcentury.

Now,IndianNationsaretryingdifferentwaystoexpandthenumberofnativespeakers,andincreaseinterestintheircommunitiestolearntriballanguages.

Sincethelate1800smanyAmericanIndianchildrenhaveattendedboardingschools.Atthattime,Indianchildrenwererequiredtoattendschoolsbylaw,andthegovernmentforcedIndianfamiliestosendtheirchildrentosuchschools.

Thechildrenwereseparatedfromtheirfamilies.andgivenEnglishnameTheteachersoftentaughtnativeAmericanstudentsinEnglish,insteadofthelanguageoftheirparents.TheyweretoldtheyneededtolearnEnglishinordertogetajob,earnmoneyandbuyahouseornicethings.

However,fearingalossofhistoryandculture,theIndianNationsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoincreasethelanguageabilityoftribalmembers.

Atleastoneorganizationisturningtomoderntechnology---TheSealaskaHeritageInstitute,anonprofitgroup,hasdevelopedtwoappsforspeakersoftheTlingitlanguage.

The"LearningTlingit"appservesasareferenceforimportantlanguagetopicssuchasconversationphrases,number,andletters.

TheTlingittribehasabout10,000members.TheylivemainlyinsoutheasternAlaska.Butasof2013,thetribehadonly125nativespeakersleft.inaddition,veryfewyoungpeopleareabletospeakTlingit.

Currentlytherearetwoapps,called"LearningTlingit"and"TlingitLanguageGames".The"LearningTlingit"appservesasalanguageguide.ItprovidesTlingitwordsandexpressions,thetribalalphabet,aswellasabasiclistofthewordsincluded.Withthe"TlingitLanguageGames"app,usersaregivenachoiceofdifferentplacesofenvironments,likeahouse,forestorocean.（1）WhatistheproblemthenativeAmericansarefacingnow?A.ThenumberofnativeAmericanshasbeenincreasing.B.FewerandfewernativeAmericansspeaktheirownlanguage.C.Theirnativelanguagehasbeenextinct.D.It'shardtoincreasetheinterestofhearingnativelanguages.（2）WhatwillbetheresultifmoreandmorenativeAmericansonlyspeakEnglish?A.Theywillgetbetterjobsandhigherpay.B.TheywillteachtheirownchildrentospeakEnglish.C.Theywilllosetheirhistoryandculture.D.Theywillgetalongwellwiththegovernment.（3）WhatcanweknowaboutTlingit?A.Itcanhelpthenativepeopleknowsomelanguagetopics.B.Itcanhelpthe:nativepeopleearnmoneyandbuya.houseornicethingsC.ItisaverypopularappamongthenativespeakersD.Itisanativelanguagespokenbyfewerthan200people.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.AmericanIndiantribes'effortstoincreasenativespeakers.B.ReasonsforthedisappearanceofsomeAmericanIndianlanguages.C.Waystohelpthenativetribesleadatraditionallife.D.Thepopularityofthelanguagelearningapps.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，美國(guó)的印第安人正在使用新的方法來(lái)增加本族語(yǔ)言的使用，否則，他們的本族語(yǔ)言將面臨嚴(yán)重的危機(jī)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Yetthenumberofnative.Americanswiththeabilitytospeaktheirtribe'slanguagehasdecreasedoverthepastcentury.”但是能說(shuō)他們本族語(yǔ)言的本地美國(guó)人的數(shù)量在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中已將減少。可知，會(huì)說(shuō)本族語(yǔ)的美國(guó)土著的人數(shù)在過(guò)去的一個(gè)多世紀(jì)中已經(jīng)減少了，故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的“However,fearingalossofhistoryandculture,theIndianNationsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoincreasethelanguageabilityoftribalmembers.”然而，害怕失去自己的

歷史和文化，許多印第安部落嘗試新的方法來(lái)提升族人的本族語(yǔ)使用能力?？芍?，如果越來(lái)越多的族人只說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，他們將會(huì)失去自己的歷史和文化。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第九段中的“TheTlingittribehasabout10,000members.TheylivemainlyinsoutheasternAlaska.Butasof2013,thetribehadonly125nativespeakersleft.”特林吉特部落有大約一萬(wàn)人。他們主要居住在阿拉斯加?xùn)|南部。但是就2013年的統(tǒng)計(jì)，這個(gè)部落只有125人可以說(shuō)自己民族的語(yǔ)言，可知，現(xiàn)在僅僅有不到兩百人可以說(shuō)這種語(yǔ)言了，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文前六段描述了美國(guó)印第安人在民族語(yǔ)言方面面臨的處境以及這一處境引起的擔(dān)憂(yōu)，最后四段提出了針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的解決方案：美國(guó)的印第安人正在使用新的方法（app）來(lái)增加本族語(yǔ)使用人數(shù)。選項(xiàng)A中efforts能凸顯人們這一問(wèn)題的擔(dān)心及在努力尋求解決方案方面所做的努力。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Takealookatthefollowinglistofnumbers:4,8,5,3,7,9,6.Readthemloud.Nowlookawayandspend20secondsmemorizingtheminorderbeforesayingthemoutloudagain.IfyouspeakEnglish,youhaveabouta50%chanceofrememberingthoseperfectly.IfyouareChinese,though,you'realmostcertaintogetitrighteverytime.Whyisthat?Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.

ThatexamplecomesfromStanislasDahaene'sbookTheNumberSense.AsDahaeneexplains:Chinesenumberwordsareremarkablybrief.Mostofthemcanbespokenoutinlessthanone-quarterofasecond(forinstance,4is“si”and7“qi”).TheirEnglishpronunciationsarelonger.ThememorygapbetweenEnglishandChineseapparentlyisentirelyduetothisdifferenceinlength.

Itturnsoutthatthereisalsoabigdifferenceinhownumber-namingsystemsinWesternandAsianlanguagesareconstructed.InEnglish,wesayfourteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteenandnineteen,soonemightexpectthatwewouldalsosayoneteen,twoteen,threeteen,andfiveteen.

Butwedon't.Weuseadifferentform:eleven,twelve,thirteenandfifteen.Fornumbersabove20,weputthe“decade”firstandtheunitnumbersecond(twenty-one,twenty-two),whilefortheteens,wedoittheotherwayaround(fourteen,seventeen,eighteen).ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.Elevenisten-one.Twelveisten-two.Twenty-fouristwo-tens-fourandsoon.

ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.Four-year-oldChinesechildrencancount,onaverage,to40.Americanchildrenatthatagecancountonlyto15.Bytheageoffive,inotherwords,AmericanchildrenarealreadyayearbehindtheirAsianfriendsinthemostfundamentalofmathskills.

TheregularityoftheirnumbersystemalsomeansthatAsianchildrencanperformbasicfunctions,suchasaddition,farmoreeasily.AskanEnglish-speakingseven-year-oldtoaddthirty-sevenplustwenty-twoinherhead,andshehastochangethewordstonumbers(37+22).Onlythencanshedothemath:2plus7is9and30and20is50,whichmakes59.AskanAsianchildtoaddthree-tens-sevenandtwo-tens-two,andthenthenecessaryequation(等式)isrightthere,inthesentence.Nonumbertranslationisnecessary:it'sfive-tens-nine.

Whenitcomestomath,inotherwords,Asianshaveabuilt-inadvantage.Foryears,studentsfromChina,SouthKorea,andJapan---outperformedtheirWesternclassmatesatmathematics,andthetypicalassumptionisthatithassomethingtodowithakindofAsiantalentformath.ThedifferencesbetweenthenumbersystemsintheEastandtheWestsuggestsomethingverydifferent---thatbeinggoodatmathmayalsoberootedinagroup'sculture.（1）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.

TheAsiannumber-namingsystemhelpsgraspadvancedmathskillsbetter.B.

Westernculturefailtoprovidetheirchildrenwithadequatenumberknowledge.C.

ChildreninWesterncountrieshavetolearnbyheartthelearningthings.D.

Asianchildren'sadvantageinmathmaybesourcedfromtheirculture.（2）WhatmakesaChineseeasiertorememberalistofnumbersthananAmerican?A.

Theirunderstandingofnumbers.

B.

Theirmothertongue.C.

Theirmatheducation.

D.

TheirdifferentIQ.（3）Asianchildrencanreachanswersinbasicmathfunctionsmorequicklybecause____________.A.

theypronouncethenumbersinashorterperiodB.

theypracticemathfromanearlyageC.

theydon'thavetotranslatelanguageintonumbersfirstD.

Americanchildrencanonlycountto15attheageoffour【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文為介紹說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了東西方數(shù)字系統(tǒng)之間的差異對(duì)東西方人數(shù)學(xué)能力的影響，同時(shí)也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常不同的地方：善于數(shù)學(xué)也可能植根于一個(gè)群體的文化中。（1）主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了東西方數(shù)字系統(tǒng)之間的差異對(duì)東西方人數(shù)學(xué)能力的影響。同時(shí)根據(jù)第三段中的ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.（英語(yǔ)中的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)是高度不規(guī)則的。在中國(guó)、日本、韓國(guó)則不是這樣的。他們有一個(gè)邏輯計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng)。）及第四段中的ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.（這種差異意味著亞洲兒童比美國(guó)兒童學(xué)的要快得多。）可推知，本文主要探討了亞洲兒童在數(shù)學(xué)方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)可能來(lái)源于他們的文化的問(wèn)題。故選D。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.（因?yàn)槲覀冏钊菀子涀∥覀冊(cè)谝粌擅腌妰?nèi)能說(shuō)或讀的東西。與英語(yǔ)不同，漢語(yǔ)允許他們把這七個(gè)數(shù)字放在兩秒鐘之內(nèi)）可推知，比起美國(guó)人，中國(guó)人的母語(yǔ)讓中國(guó)人更容易記住一列數(shù)字。故選B。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中對(duì)亞洲孩子與美國(guó)孩子在基本數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算方面的對(duì)比可知，亞洲兒童可以更快地在基本數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算中找到答案，是因?yàn)樗麄儾槐叵劝颜Z(yǔ)言翻譯成數(shù)字。故選C。3．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Whenfirstentered,VanakRestaurantdoesnotlooklikemuchofarestaurant,butoncethepleasantsmellsofkabob(烤肉串)hitthesenses,youareincapableofcallingitanythingless.

Ownedbyalocalcouple,thisPersianrestauranthasaninviting,homelikeatmospherethatmanyrestaurantslack.

Thespaceissmallwithonlyafewdiningtablesandnearlynodecoration,buttheenvironmentistrulycharming.

Lyinginahardlynoticeablestreetcorner,therestaurantstillattractsallcustomers,especiallythoseexperiencedinthedelightsofMiddleEasterncooking.

AcommonsightisthatofoldPersianmensittinginthecornertalkingloudlyaboutworldtopics,watchingnewseventsonTV,drinkingablackteaknownasPersianchai,andreadinglocalPersiannewspapersallthewhiletryingtofinishofftheirplatespiledwithfood.

Thevarietyoffoodattherestaurantislimited,buttheamountofeachdishisfairlylarge.Mostofthemealscanservetwopeopleandareunder$10,sonotonlyisitaffordablebutpracticalaswell.

Thefoodespeciallyappealstohealth-consciouseatersbecauseeachdishisveryhealthy,madewithlimitedfatandoilandservedstraightoffthegrill(烤肉架).

Themaindishthattherestaurantispopularforisitskabobs,whicharedifferentstylesofgrilledmeat.

OnedeliciousandextremelyhealthydishistheJoojehKabob,whichismadeofgrilledchickenpiecesservedwitheitherriceorbread.AnothergreatkabobistheCheloKabob,akabobconsistingofgrilledbeef.

Althoughtherestaurantissmall,theatmosphereandthefoodisdelicious.Itisaplacethatshouldnotbeoverlooked.（1）Whenfirstenteringtherestaurant,onecanfindthatit________.A.

haspleasantsmellsofkabobs

B.

issplendidlydecoratedC.

iscrowdedwithdiningtables

D.

lookslikeacommonrestaurant（2）Whatactivityisalsomentionedapartfromdiningintherestaurant?A.

ReadinglocalEnglishnewspapers.

B.

Drinkingakindofblackcoffee.C.

WatchingnewseventsonTV.

D.

Discussingworldtopicsinlowvoices.（3）Thefoodoftherestaurant________.A.

isservedinsmallamounts

B.

isratherexpensiveC.

isrichinvariety

D.

isveryhealthy（4）WhatisthedishJoojehKabobmainlymadeof?A.

Rice

B.

Chicken

C.

Bread

D.

Beef（5）ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattherestaurantA.

occupiesalargespace

B.

ownsafavorablelocationC.

ispopularforitsspecialfood

D.

hasaquietenvironmentinside【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一家叫做VanakRestaurant的餐廳，以及餐廳的特色食物。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"butoncethepleasantsmellsofkabob(烤肉串)hitthesenses"可知一進(jìn)酒店會(huì)首先聞到烤肉傳的香味，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的"AcommonsightisthatofoldPersianmensittinginthecornertalkingloudlyaboutworldtopics,watchingnewseventsonTV,drinkingablackteaknownasPersianchai"可知除了在餐廳用餐，還提到了看電視上的新聞事件，喝著一種叫“波斯茶”的紅茶。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第七段中的"Thefoodespeciallyappealstohealth-consciouseatersbecauseeachdishisveryhealthy"餐廳的每道菜都非常健康，故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“OnedeliciousandextremelyhealthydishistheJoojehKabob,whichismadeofgrilledchickenpiecesservedwitheitherriceorbread.”可知JoojehKabob是一道非常健康美味的菜肴，由烤雞片和米飯或面包搭配而成。JoojehKabob主要是雞肉制成的，故選B。（5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Althoughtherestaurantissmall,theatmosphereandthefoodisdelicious.”可知雖然餐館很小，但是氣氛和食物都很美味?？赏茢嗖蛷d以它特別的食物而受到歡迎，故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

MoreandmorepeopleinAmericaarecelebratingtheIndianholidayDiwali.DiwaliisHindifor"rowoflights".ItisthemostimportantholidayinIndia.

Manypeoplearoundtheworldarebeginningtocelebrateitaswell.TheUnitedStatesisoneoftheplaceswherethefestivalisbecomingmorecommon.DiwalicelebrationscannowbefoundatAmericanlandmarkslikeDisneylandinCaliforniaandNewYorkCity'sTimesSquare.Theyarealsoheldinmanyparksandmuseums.

NeetaBhasincreatedtheTimesSquareevent.ShesaidIndianimmigrantshavefoundgreatsuccessinAmerica.But,shesaid,manyAmericansstilldonotknowmuchaboutIndia.So,shedecidedtoact."Ifeltit'sabouttimethatweshouldtakeIndiatomainstreamAmericaandshowIndia'srichculture,heritage,artsandvarietytotheworld,"shesaid,"andIcouldn'tfindabetterplacethanTimesSquare."

BhasincametotheUnitedStatesfromIndia40yearsago.SheispresidentofASBCommunications,themarketingfirmbehindDiwaliatTimesSquare.Tensofthousandsofpeopleattendtheevent,nowinitsfourthyear.

InIndia,Diwaliisafive-dayharvestfestivalheldjustbeforetheHinduNewYear.TheexactdateschangefromyeartoyearbutDiwaliisalwaysinthefall.Celebrationsincludelightingoillampsorcandlescalled"diyas".

ADiwalicelebrationwilllightupDisneyCaliforniaAdventureParkinAnaheimthisyear.VisitorscanwatchperformancesoftraditionalIndiandancesandtakepartinaBollywooddanceparty.TheeventispartofaFestivalofHolidaysprogramatthethemeparktoshowculturaltraditionsfromaroundtheworld.TheprogramtakesplaceonNovember10ththroughJanuary7th.

SanAntonio,Texas,alsoholdsaDiwalicelebration.Anditisoneofthenation'slargestcelebrations,withmorethan15,000peopleinattendanceeachyear.VisitorscanenjoyIndiandance，foodandfireworks.OrganizersalsoplantofloathundredsoflightedcandlesintheSanAntonioRiver,alongthecity'sfamousRiverWalk.（1）WhichisthemainsymbolintheIndianholidayDiwali?A.

Dances.

B.

Lamps.

C.

Food.

D.

Clothes.（2）WhydidNeetaBhasinsetuptheTimesSquareevent?A.

TomaketheAmericanculturericher.B.

Tocreateanewbusinessforthefirm.C.

TomakeIndianculturebetterknownintheUS.D.

ToshowtheachievementsofIndianimmigrants.（3）WhatdoweknowaboutDiwali?A.

ItisheldinautumninIndia.B.

ItlastsfivedaysinAmerica.C.

Ithasbeenheldfor40yearsinAmerica.D.

IthappensfromNovember10thtoJanuary7thinIndia.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.

DiwaliismainlycelebratedinDisneyParks.B.

ManyAmericancitiescompetetoholdDiwali.C.

IndianHolidayDiwalilightsupAmerica,too.D.

DiwalihasbecomethemostimportantholidayinIndia.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，Diwali在印度語(yǔ)中意為"排燈節(jié)"。它是印度最重要的節(jié)日。越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)人慶祝印度的Diwali。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Celebrationsincludelightingoillampsorcandlescalled‘diyas’.”可知，theIndianholidayDiwali的主要標(biāo)志是Lamps。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“NeetaBhasincreatedtheTimesSquareevent.ShesaidIndianimmigrantshavefoundgreatsuccessinAmerica.But,shesaid,manyAmericansstilldonotknowmuchaboutIndia.”可知，NeetaBhasin成立了theTimesSquare的活動(dòng)是為了讓印度文化在美國(guó)更廣為人知。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“InIndia,Diwaliisafive-dayharvestfestivalheldjustbeforetheHinduNewYear.TheexactdateschangefromyeartoyearbutDiwaliisalwaysinthefall.”可知，Diwali在印度的秋天舉行。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“MoreandmorepeopleinAmericaarecelebratingtheIndianholidayDiwali.DiwaliisHindifor‘rowoflights’.ItisthemostimportantholidayinIndia.”可知，IndianHolidayDiwali也照亮了美國(guó)。它在美國(guó)越來(lái)越受歡迎。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

ThetheatreinShakespeare'stimewasmuchdifferentthanitistoday.Authorswroteplaysforthemasses,especiallythosewhocouldn'treadorwrite.

ThetheatrechangedalotduringShakespeare'slifetime.Theauthoritiesdidn'tlikeitanddidn'tallowactinginthecityitself:Theythoughtithadabadinfluenceonpeopleandkeptthemfromgoingtochurch.QueenElizabeth,ontheotherhand,lovedactingandhelpedthetheatrebecomepopular.

ThetheatreinShakespeare'stimewasfulloflife.Peopledidnotsitallthetimeanditwasnotquietduringtheperformance.Theaudiencecouldwalkaround,eatanddrinkduringtheplay.

Theaterswereopenarenasorplayhousesthathadroomforuptothreethousandpeople.Therewasalmostnoscenerybecausethedialoguewasthemostimportantpartoftheplay.Colourfulandwell-designedcostumeswereveryimportantandtoldthepeopleaboutthestatusofacharacter.Womenneverperformedinplays,80youngboysplayedfemalecharacters.Theperformancestookplaceintheafternoonbecauseitwastoodarkatnight.

Therewasnostagecrewasthereistoday.Actorshadtodoeverythingthemselves-frommakingcostumestosettingthestage.Playswereorganizedbyactingcompanies.Theyperformedabout6differentplayseachweekbecausetheyneededmoneytosurvive.Theyhadalmostnotimetorehearse(排練).

ThecompaniesinShakespeare'stimehadaranksystem.Thecompanybelongedtoshareholdersandmanagers.Theywereresponsibleforeverythingandgotmostofthemoneywhenthecompanywassuccessful.Sometimestheyevenownedtheirownbuildings.Actorsworkedforthemanagersandaftersometimebecameapermanentmemberofthecompany.Apprentices(學(xué)徒)wereyoungboysandwereallowedtoactinunimportantrole.Theyalsoplayedfemalecharactersinplays.（1）Whywasthetheatrebannedbytheauthorities?A.

Itwasmuchdifferentthanbefore.B.

Theythoughtitaffectedpeoplenegatively.C.

Theythoughtitkeptpeoplegoingtochurch.D.

Thequeendidn'tlikeit.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"arenas"inParagraph4mean?A.

Stages.

B.

Stores.

C.

Companies.

D.

Playgrounds.（3）Whatdoweknowaboutthenactors?A.

Theycoulddrinkduringtheplay.

B.

Womenhadtocross-dressmalecharacters.C.

Theyhadstagecrewtohelpthem.

D.

Theyweretoobusytopractice.（4）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.

TorememberShakespeare.

B.

ToshowhisloveofShakespeare'splays.C.

TointroducetheatersinShakespeare'stime.

D.

Todiscussthecompany'sranksystem.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了莎士比亞時(shí)代的戲劇表演的情況以及當(dāng)時(shí)演員的狀況。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theauthoritiesdidn'tlikeitanddidn'tallowactinginthecityitself:Theythoughtithadabadinfluenceonpeopleandkeptthemfromgoingtochurch.”可知，當(dāng)權(quán)者不喜歡戲劇，不允許在城市里表演，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為對(duì)人們有不好的影響，所以阻止人們?nèi)ソ烫?，故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theaterswereopenarenasorplayhousesthathadroomforuptothreethousandpeople.”可知arenas與playhouses是同義詞，playhouses是一個(gè)可以容納多達(dá)3000觀(guān)眾的地方看戲劇表演的地方，因而arenas是開(kāi)闊的舞臺(tái)，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theyperformedabout6differentplayseachweekbecausetheyneededmoneytosurvive.Theyhadalmostnotimetorehearse(排練).”可知，每周表演六個(gè)不同的戲劇，因此沒(méi)有時(shí)間排練，可知他們很忙，故選D。（4）考查寫(xiě)作意圖。根據(jù)文章可知，本文主要介紹了莎士比亞時(shí)代的戲劇表演的情況以及當(dāng)時(shí)演員的狀況，故本文在介紹莎士比亞時(shí)代的劇院，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和寫(xiě)作意圖四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．Thepassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Inacareerthatlastedmorethanhalfacentury,TomWolfewrotefictionandnonfictionbest-sellersincludingTheElectricKool-AidAcidTestandTheBonfireoftheVanities.Alongtheway,hecreatedanewtypeofjournalismandcoinedphrasesthatbecamepartoftheAmericanvocabulary.

Wolfebeganworkingasanewspaperreporter,firstforTheWashingtonPost,thentheNewYorkHeraldTribune.Hedevelopedaliterarystyleinnonfictionthatbecameknownasthe"NewJournalism.""I'vealwaysagreedonatheoreticallevelthatthetechniquesforfictionandnonfictionareinterchangeable,"hesaid."Thethingsthatworkinnonfictionwouldworkinfiction,andviceversa."

"WhenTomWolfe'svoicebrokeintotheworldofnonfiction,itwasatimewhenalotofwriters,andalotofartistsingeneral,wereturninginwards,"saysLevGrossman,bookcriticforTimemagazine."Wolfedidn'tdothat.Wolfeturnedoutwards.Hewasaguywhowasinterestedinotherpeople."Wolfewasinterestedinhowtheythought,howtheydidthingsandhowthethingstheydidaffectedtheworldaroundthem.

In1979,WolfepublishedTheRightStuff,anaccountofthemilitarytestpilotswhobecameAmerica'sfirstastronauts.Fouryearslater,thebookwasadaptedasafeaturefilm."TheRightStuffwasthebookforme,"saysGrossman."Itremindedme,incaseI'dforgotten,thattheworldisanincredibleplace."

InTheRightStuff,Wolfepopularizedthephrase"pushingtheenvelope."InaNewYorkmagazinearticle,Wolfedescribedthe1970sas"The'Me'Decade."GrossmansaysthesephrasesbecamepartoftheAmericanidiombecausetheywereaccurate.

"Hewasanenormouslyforcefulobserver,andhewasnotafraidofmakingstrongclaimsaboutwhatwashappeninginreality,"Grossmansays."Hediditwellandpeopleheardhim.Andtheyrepeatedwhathesaidbecausehewasright."Allthosewordsstartedarevolutioninnonfictionthatisstillgoingon.（1）The"NewJournalism"isastyleofjournalismthat

.A.

changesitsnewswritingtechniquesfrequentlyB.

popularizesnewAmericanidiomsinaliterarywayC.

combinesnovelistictechniqueswithtraditionalreportingD.

reportsvariousnewseventsfromatheoreticalperspective（2）ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatTheRightStuff

.A.

isafilmdirectedbyLevGrossman

B.

isaninfluentialbookbyTomWolfeC.

accountsforpopularAmericanphrases

D.

dealswithincredibleplacesintheworld（3）Accordingtothepassage,TomWolfe

.A.

wasgoodatreportingnewsfromarealisticperspectiveB.

preferredmakingclaimsabouteventstowritingbooksC.

wasfondofcommentingonotherpeople'sthoughtsD.

likedanalyzingsocialproblemsfromtheoutside（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

TomWolfe:AProfessionalPhraseCoinerB.

TomWolfe:AForcefulObserverandNovelistC.

TomWolfe:ATheoreticalCreatorinLiteratureD.

TomWolfe:AnInnovativeJournalistandWriter【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了TomWolfe，一位富有創(chuàng)新的記者和作家。他將小說(shuō)技巧與傳統(tǒng)報(bào)道相結(jié)合創(chuàng)造出了一種非虛構(gòu)文學(xué)風(fēng)格，被稱(chēng)為"新新聞"。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hedevelopedaliterarystyleinnonfictionthatbecameknownasthe‘NewJournalism.’‘I'vealwaysagreedonatheoreticallevelthatthetechniquesforfictionandnonfictionareinterchangeable,’"可知他將小說(shuō)和非小說(shuō)的技巧結(jié)合形成了一種新的文體。即"新新聞"是一種將小說(shuō)手法與傳統(tǒng)報(bào)道相結(jié)合的新聞文體，故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。倒數(shù)第二段中的“InTheRightStuff,Wolfepopularizedthephrase’pushingtheenvelope.’InaNewYorkmagazinearticle,Wolfedescribedthe1970sas‘The'Me'Decade.’"可知在TheRightStuff書(shū)中，Wolfe普及了短語(yǔ)"推信封"。在紐約雜志的一篇文章中，Wolfe將20世紀(jì)70年代描述為"自我"的十年。即可知TheRightStuff是TomWolfe寫(xiě)的一本很有影響力的書(shū)，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Hewasanenormouslyforcefulobserver,andhewasnotafraidofmakingstrongclaimsaboutwhatwashappeninginreality,"可知TomWolfe是一個(gè)非常有說(shuō)服力的觀(guān)察者，他不害怕對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中正在發(fā)生的事情做出強(qiáng)有力的斷言。即TomWolfe善于從現(xiàn)實(shí)的角度報(bào)道新聞，故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容為介紹了發(fā)明了"新新聞"文體的TomWolfe，他是一位創(chuàng)新的記者和作家。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

ThomasCheathamhadplannedtostudyLatinduringhistimeatHebronHighSchoolinTexas.ButwhenhelearnedthattheschooldistrictwasgoingtoofferaMandarin(普通話(huà))class,hequicklychangedhismind.

"IthoughtMandarinwouldbemorebeneficialthanLatin,"saidCheatham,whoisnowinhissecondyearofstudyingthelanguage.

HespeaksMandarintoorderfoodatChineserestaurantsandcanreadsocialmediapostsfromhisChinese-speakingfriends.Whileit'sadifficultlanguagetomaster,thehighschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksitwillbeimportantforhiscareer."Chineseisagoodlanguagetoknow,especiallywithChinabecomingagrowingpower,"hesaid.

Manyexpertsagreethatproficiency(熟練)inalanguagespokenbyabillionpeopleworldwidewillgiveAmericanstudentsanedgeintheglobaleconomy.

"PeoplearelookingatChinaasournexteconomiccompetitor,andinterestinMandarinisgrowingfast,"saidMartyAbbott,directoroftheAmericanCouncil(議會(huì))ontheTeachingofForeignLanguages."We'reseeingitinallpartsofthecountry."

Abbottpredictsthatasmanyas100,000studentsarenowstudyingMandarininpublicandprivateschoolsthroughouttheUS.ShesaidtheUSgovernmenthasdesignated(指定)Mandarinasan"importantneeds"languageandprovidesprofessionaldevelopmentprogramsforteachers."Ourgovernmentwantstoincreaseourlanguageabilityfornationalsecurityandeconomiccompetitiveness,"Abbottadded.

Atthesametime,theChinesegovernmentisspreadingknowledgeoftheChineselanguageandculturethroughConfuciusInstitutessetupinmanyUSstates.Forexample,theConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofTexasinDallashasbeenthehomeofaConfuciusInstitutefor10years.ItsponsorsConfuciusClassroomsat21localpublicandprivateschools,wheretensofthousandsofstudentsarelearningMandarin.（1）WhydidThomasCheathamdecidetostudyMandarininsteadofLatin?A.

MandarinwaseasiertolearnthanLatin.B.

Mandarincouldbehelpfultohisfuturecareer.C.

MandarinmighthelphimlearnmoreaboutChina.D.

Mandarincouldenablehimtostudycomputerengineering.（2）The