2025年自控專業(yè)英語面試題庫及答案

一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Whatistheprimarypurposeoffeedbackcontrolsystemsinautomation?A.TomaximizepowerconsumptionB.TominimizesystemresponsetimeC.TomaintaindesiredoutputdespitedisturbancesD.Tosimplifythedesignprocess2.Whichofthefollowingisacharacteristicofafirst-ordersystem?A.OverdampedresponseB.OscillatoryresponseC.UnderdampedresponseD.Criticallydampedresponse3.Inthecontextofcontrolsystems,whatdoestheterm"stability"referto?A.Theabilitytohandlehigh-frequencyinputsB.TheabilitytoreturntoequilibriumafteradisturbanceC.TheabilitytoamplifysignalsD.Theabilitytooperateatmaximumefficiency4.Whatisthetransferfunctionofasystemiftheinputis\(R(s)\)andtheoutputis\(C(s)\)?A.\(\frac{C(s)}{R(s)}\)B.\(\frac{R(s)}{C(s)}\)C.\(C(s)-R(s)\)D.\(R(s)+C(s)\)5.Whichcontrolstrategyisusedtoreduceovershootandimprovestability?A.ProportionalcontrolB.DerivativecontrolC.IntegralcontrolD.PIDcontrol6.Whatistheprimaryadvantageofusingadigitalcontrolleroverananalogcontroller?A.HighercostB.LoweraccuracyC.BetternoiseimmunityD.Morecomplexdesign7.Whatdoestheterm"settlingtime"meanincontrolsystems?A.ThetimeittakesforthesystemtoreachsteadystateB.ThetimeittakesforthesystemtoreachitspeakresponseC.Thetimeittakesforthesystemtoreach90%ofitsfinalvalueD.Thetimeittakesforthesystemtooscillate8.Whichofthefollowingisacommonmethodforanalyzingthestabilityofacontrolsystem?A.RootlocusanalysisB.BodeplotanalysisC.NyquistplotanalysisD.Alloftheabove9.WhatisthepurposeofaPIDcontrollerinacontrolsystem?A.Toprovideasimpleon/offcontrolB.ToprovidealinearresponseC.Toprovideproportional,integral,andderivativecontrolD.Toprovideafixedresponsetime10.WhatisthesignificanceoftheRouth-Hurwitzcriterionincontrolsystems?A.Itdeterminesthesystem'sbandwidthB.Itdeterminesthesystem'sstabilityC.Itdeterminesthesystem'sresponsetimeD.Itdeterminesthesystem'sgain二、填空題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Theprocessofadjustingthesystem'sresponsetomeetdesiredspecificationsiscalled________.2.Asystemthatdoesnotreturntoitsoriginalpositionafteradisturbanceissaidtobe________.3.ThetransferfunctionofasystemisdefinedastheratiooftheLaplacetransformoftheoutputtotheLaplacetransformoftheinputwithzeroinitialconditions.4.Theterm"frequencyresponse"referstothesystem'soutputwhensubjectedtosinusoidalinputs.5.Thepointatwhichthesystem'sresponsestartstooscillateisknownasthe________.6.TheintegralactioninaPIDcontrollerhelpstoeliminatesteady-stateerrors.7.ThederivativeactioninaPIDcontrollerhelpstoreduceovershootandimprovestability.8.TheNyquistplotisagraphicalrepresentationofthefrequencyresponseofasystem.9.TheRouth-Hurwitzcriterionisusedtodeterminethestabilityofasystembasedonitscharacteristicequation.10.Asystemthatisbothstableandresponsivetochangesissaidtobe________.三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Feedbackcontrolsystemsarealwaysmorecomplexthanopen-loopcontrolsystems.2.Afirst-ordersystemhasasinglepoleinitstransferfunction.3.Thesettlingtimeofasystemisthetimeittakesforthesystemtoreachitsfinalvalue.4.Asystemwithacriticallydampedresponsewillovershoot.5.TheBodeplotisagraphicalrepresentationofthefrequencyresponseofasystem.6.Therootlocusplotshowshowtherootsofthecharacteristicequationchangewithvaryinggain.7.TheintegralactioninaPIDcontrollerhelpstoimprovethesystem'sstability.8.TheRouth-Hurwitzcriterioncanbeusedtodeterminethestabilityofanytypeofsystem.9.Asystemwithahighbandwidthcanrespondquicklytochanges.10.Feedbackcontrolsystemsareusedtomaintainadesiredoutputdespitedisturbances.四、簡答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Explaintheconceptoffeedbackcontrolanditsadvantagesoveropen-loopcontrol.2.Describethecharacteristicsofasecond-ordersystemandhowtheyaffectitsresponse.3.DiscusstheroleofthederivativeactioninaPIDcontrollerandhowithelpstoimprovesystemperformance.4.ExplainthepurposeoftheRouth-Hurwitzcriterionandhowitisusedtoanalyzesystemstability.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Discussthechallengesandbenefitsofusingdigitalcontrollersinmoderncontrolsystems.2.CompareandcontrastthefrequencyresponseanalysisusingBodeplotsandNyquistplots.3.Discusstheimportanceofsystemstabilityincontrolsystemsandhowitcanbeensured.4.Discusstheroleoffeedbackcontrolsystemsinindustrialautomationandtheirimpactonprocessefficiency.答案和解析一、單項(xiàng)選擇題答案1.C2.A3.B4.A5.D6.C7.C8.D9.C10.B二、填空題答案1.systemtuning2.unstable3.transferfunction4.frequencyresponse5.crossoverfrequency6.integralaction7.derivativeaction8.Nyquistplot9.Routh-Hurwitzcriterion10.well-behaved三、判斷題答案1.False2.True3.False4.False5.True6.True7.False8.False9.True10.True四、簡答題答案1.Feedbackcontrolinvolvesusingthesystem'soutputtoadjustitsinput,ensuringtheoutputremainsclosetothedesiredvalue.Advantagesoveropen-loopcontrolincludeimprovedaccuracy,betterdisturbancerejection,andenhancedstability.2.Asecond-ordersystemischaracterizedbytwopolesinitstransferfunction.Itsresponsecanbeunderdamped,criticallydamped,oroverdamped,affectingthesystem'soscillatorybehaviorandsettlingtime.3.ThederivativeactioninaPIDcontrollerpredictsfutureerrorsbasedontherateofchangeoftheerror.Thishelpstoreduceovershootandimprovestabilitybyprovidingdamping.4.TheRouth-Hurwitzcriterionisusedtodeterminethestabilityofasystembyanalyzingthecoefficientsofitscharacteristicequation.Itprovidesamethodtocheckifallrootsoftheequationhavenegativerealparts,indicatingstability.五、討論題答案1.Digitalcontrollersofferflexibility,precision,andtheabilitytoimplementcomplexalgorithms.However,theyrequiremoresophisticateddesignandcanbemoresusceptibletonoiseandcomputationallimitations.2.Bodeplotsprovidealogarit