專題05閱讀理解之說明文

Passage1（2025·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）

Whatdoyouthinkwillhappenifyoudrawapicturewithcrayonsandcoverupthatpicturewithpaint?Now

followthestepsbelowtofindouttheanswer.

Whatyouneed

*crayonsofdifferentcolours

*drawingpaper

*blueposterpaint

*asmallbowl

*acupfilledwithwater

*apaintbrush

Howtodoit

Step1Thinkaboutasceneundertheseawithdifferent-colouredfishandseaplants.And

thendrawthefishandseaplantswithyourcrayons.Themorecoloursyouuse,thebetteryour

picturewillbe.

Step2Pouralittlebluepaintintothebowl.Addabitofwaterandstir(攪拌)tomakeyour

paintalittlethinner.

Step3Dipyourbrushintothebluepaintinthebowl.Coveryourwholepicturewiththe

bluepaint.Whathappens?Youhaveseaplantsandanimalslivinginabluesea!

WhyithappensYourcrayonsaremadeofwax(蠟).Waxresists,orstaysawayfromthe

paint.That’swhyitdoesnotcoverthepicture.Soyourseaplantsandfisharestillthere.

1．WhichtoolisneededforStep1?

A．Apaintbrush.B．Differentcrayons.

C．Asmallbowl.D．Somebluepaint.

2．WhichpictureshowswhatyoudoinStep2?

A．B．C．D．

3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastpartmean?

A．Paper.B．Water.C．Thebowl.D．Thepaint.

【答案】1．B2．C3．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了一個科學(xué)小實驗：用不同顏色蠟筆畫海底場景，再用稀釋的藍色顏料覆蓋畫面，由于

蠟排斥顏料，蠟筆畫的圖案不會被覆蓋，最終呈現(xiàn)“藍色大海中的生物”效果。核心是指導(dǎo)讀者完成實驗并

理解實驗背后“蠟與顏料相互排斥”的原理。

1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Step1”下面的“Andthendrawthefishandseaplantswithyourcrayons.”可知，需要用到

的是不同顏色的蠟筆。故選B。

2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Step2Pouralittlebluepaintintothebowl.Addabitofwaterandstir(攪拌)tomakeyour

paintalittlethinner.”可知，第二步是“將藍色顏料和水倒入碗中并攪拌”，選項C圖描述內(nèi)容符合題意。故選

C。

3．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Yourcrayonsaremadeofwax.Waxresists,orstaysawayfromthepaint.That’swhyitdoes

notcoverthepicture.”可知，顏料因為被蠟排斥而無法覆蓋蠟筆畫的內(nèi)容，因此“it”指代的是“thepaint”。故

選D。

Passage2（2025·江蘇淮安·中考真題）

Ifyousearchforplacesofbeauty,wetlandsprobablywon’tbehighonyourlist.Wetlandsareareasofland

thatareoftencompletelywetwithwater.Althoughtheymightnotlookverypretty,therolesthattheyplayinnature

mightgobeyondmanypeople’simagination.

Wetlandsappearnaturallyinalmosteverypartoftheworld.Therearemanydifferenttypesofwetlandson

Earth.Alongwithrainforests,theyareamongthemostdiverse(多樣的)placesonEarth.Besidesnaturalwetlands,

humansarealsocreatingman-madeonesforanumberofpurposesaboutwatermanagement.

Oneofthemainadvantagesofwetlandsisthattheycanpreventfloods.Theydosobystoringwaterfora

certaintimeandthenslowlyreleasing(釋放)itovertime.Wetlandsoperatesimilarlytoasponge(海綿).Whenit

rainsheavilyandwaterlevelsrise,theytakeintheextrawaterwhichmaycausefloods.Thispreventswaterfrom

enteringriversandstreams.Then,whenwaterlevelsbecomelowlater,theywillreleaseit.Inmanycases,wetlands

offeramuchmorenaturalwaythandams(壩).However,it’simportanttonotethatwetlands,likedams,don’tstop

alldangersfromflooding.Oncethereisaveryheavyrainfall,wetlandsmayfillupandanyextrawaterwillstartto

runoff.

Wetlandsalsoplayapartincleaningwater.Farmingactionsandcitywastearemaincausesofwater

pollution.Wetlandsincludeplantsandorganismsthatcanreducethispollutionbyclearingoutunwantedthings.

Wetlandshaveotheradvantagesfortheenvironmentaswell.Theycanhelptofeednearbyfishpopulationsby

releasingsomethingthatcanbeusedasfoodforthemintorivers.Also,manyanimalslikefrogsusewetlandsas

baby-raisinggroundsbecausetheyprovidetheplaceforcatchingfoodandthewaterrequired.Somebirdsalso

cometothewetlandsforfoodandshelter.Althoughwetlandsmaynotlookpretty,it’sclearthattheyareabletodo

theimportantworkwhichisnecessarytomakesurethatthecircleofliferemainsunbroken.

4．Whydoesthewritermention“sponge”inParagraph3?

A．Toexplaintheflood-preventingworkofwetlands.

B．Todescribethesponge’sfeatureofstoringwater.

C．Toshowthewetlandscantakeinwaterquicklylikeasponge.

D．Tocomparethesimilarpointsbetweenwetlandsandasponge.

5．Whatcanwelearnaboutwetlandsfromthepassage?

A．Peoplecreateman-madewetlandstodealwithwater.

B．Peoplepraisewetlandsfornaturalbeauty.

C．Wetlandscansolvethepollutionproblems.

D．Wetlandscancompletelypreventthedangerscausedbyfloods.

6．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．Wetlands—CircleofLife

B．Wetlands—HomeofLivingThings

C．Wetlands—FriendofEarth

D．Wetlands—CleanerofEnvironment

【答案】4．A5．A6．C

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了濕地看似不美觀，但分布廣泛、類型多樣，還具備防洪、凈化水質(zhì)、助力生物生

存等重要作用，對維系生命循環(huán)具有重要意義。

4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Whenitrainsheavilyandwaterlevelsrise,theytakeintheextrawaterwhichmay

causefloods.Thispreventswaterfromenteringriversandstreams.”可知當(dāng)暴雨傾盆、水位上漲時，它們會吸納

多余的水分，從而避免洪水泛濫。這能防止水流入江河溪流。用海綿的例子來解釋了濕地的防洪作用。故

選A。

5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Besidesnaturalwetlands,humansarealsocreatingman-madeonesforanumberof

purposesaboutwatermanagement.”可知，除了天然濕地，人類還出于多種水資源管理的目的建造人工濕地。

故選A。

6．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文并根據(jù)“Althoughtheymightnotlookverypretty,therolesthattheyplayinnaturemight

gobeyondmanypeople’simagination.”可知，文章強調(diào)了濕地的多個重要功能：防洪、凈化水質(zhì)、支撐生物

生存以及維持生態(tài)循環(huán)，選項C“濕地——地球之友”符合題意。故選C。

Passage3（2025·江蘇無錫·中考真題）

BrazilianartistVikMunizuseseverydayobjectsinunusualways.Throughhisart,Munizmakespeoplethink

differentlyabouttheireverydaylives-eventheirownrubbish.

In2007,Munizworkedonatwo-yearprojectatoneoftheworld’slargestlandfills.Untilitsclosurein2012,

JardimGramachoreceivedabout70percentoftherubbishfromRiodeJaneiro.About3,000rubbishpickers,

knownascatadores,workedthere.Theirjobwastohuntthroughtherubbishforrecyclablecans,bottles,andother

materials.Theythenmademoneybysellingtheobjectstorecyclingcompanies.

Thecatadores’workwasdirtyanddangerous,andmostofthemonlyreceivedbetween$20and$25aday.

Despitethehardconditions,manycatadoreswereproudoftheirwork.ValterDosSantos,aworkeratJardim

Gramachoformorethan25years,toldMuniz,“Iamproudtobeapicker.Itrytoexplaintopeoplethatrecycling

preventsgreatharmtonatureandtheenvironment.Peoplesometimessay,‘Butonesinglesodacan?’Onesingle

canisofgreatimportance!Thatsinglecanwillmakethedifference.”

MunizbecamefriendswithDosSantosandothercatadores.Theyallowedhimtotaketheirphotographsat

thelandfill,wheretheyposedforartisticportraits.Forexample,Munizphotographedalandfillworkerinthestyle

ofafamousFrenchpainting.TheworkersthenhelpedMunizcreatehugeimagesofthesephotosonthefloorofhis

workshop.Theyusedmaterialsfromthelandfilltoaddcoloranddepthtotheimages.

________Munizsayshewantedto“changethelivesofpeoplewiththesamematerialstheydealwithevery

day.”AphotographofhisrecreationoftheFrenchpaintingsoldfor￡28,000($50,000)ataLondonartauction.

Munizgavethemoneytothecatadoresworkers’organization.

In2010,amoviecalledWasteLandwasmadeaboutMuniz’sproject.Thefilmreceivedmanyawardsand

helpedmakepeopleawareoftherubbishcollectors’lives.Thecatadoresalsobegantoseethemselvesdifferently.

“Sometimesweseeourselvesassosmall,”saysIrma,acookatGramacho,“butpeopleoutthereseeusassobig,

sobeautiful.”

7．WhydidthewritermentionValterDosSantos?

A．Totellthestoryofacatador’slife.B．Todescribethecatadores’hardconditions.

C．Toshowthevalueofacatador’swork.D．Togiveanexampleofsuccessfulcatadores.

8．WhatcanwelearnaboutMuniz’sphotographs?

A．Theywerealltakenatthelandfill.B．Hespentalongtimeoneachofthem.

C．Theywereonlypartofhisunusualcreation.D．Hetooktheminthestyleoffamouspaintings.

9．Whichofthefollowingisthemostsuitablefor________?

A．Whytakesuchphotosofthesecatadores?B．Whycreatesuchhugeimagesusingrubbish?

C．Howtohelpthesepeopleinacreativeway?D．Howtoturneverydayobjectsintoartpieces?

10．Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofthethingsthathappened?

a.AmoviewasmadeaboutMuniz’sproject.b.Gramachostoppedreceivingrubbish.

c.DosSantosstartedworkingatGramacho.d.Munizmadefriendswithsomecatadores.

A．d-c-b-a.B．c-d-b-a.C．d-c-a-b.D．c-d-a-b.

【答案】7．C8．C9．B10．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了巴西藝術(shù)家VikMuniz通過使用垃圾填埋場的日常物品創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)，改變?nèi)藗儗?/p>

和垃圾收集者生活的看法，并與垃圾收集者合作完成藝術(shù)項目的過程。

7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段ValterDosSantos的話“Iamproudtobeapicker…Thatsinglecanwillmakethe

difference”可知，作者提到他是為了展示垃圾收集者工作的價值。故選C。

8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“MunizphotographedalandfillworkerinthestyleofafamousFrench

painting…Theyusedmaterialsfromthelandfilltocreatehugeimages”可知，這些照片只是他非常規(guī)創(chuàng)作的一部

分。故選C。

9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)空缺后Muniz的話“changethelivesofpeoplewiththesamematerialstheydealwithevery

day”可知，此處應(yīng)解釋用垃圾創(chuàng)作巨型圖像的原因。故選B。

10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文信息：c（DosSantos工作25年，早于2007年項目）→d（2007年Muniz與收

集者成為朋友）→a（2010年電影上映）→b（2012年填埋場關(guān)閉）。故選D。

Passage4（2025·江蘇南通·中考真題）

Sportsmighthavestartedasawaytosurvive.Longago,peopleran,jumped,andclimbedtostayalive.

Hunterswereknownfortheirspecialskills.Wallpaintingsfromcenturiesago,showingactivitieslikewrestlingor

dancing,werefoundinanEgyptiantomb.TheancientGreeksmadeabigchangebyholdingthefirstOlympic

Games.

ModernsportsbeganinEnglandintheearly19thcenturyandthenspreadglobally.Thesebecamethe

modelsforsportssuchasfootballthatweplaynow.

Sportscomeinmanyshapesandsizes.Organizedsports,whetherswimmingoricehockey,areseriousforms

ofplay.Therearerulestoobey,skillsandpositionstolearn,andplanstocarryout.Teamsportslikesoccerrequire

youtoworkwithteammates,whileindividual(個人的)sportssuchastennisfocusonyourpersonalperformance.

There’snodoubtthatsportsarevaluable.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricssaysplayisimportantfor

kids’andteens’thinking,bodies,sociallivesandfeelings.Sportsexerciseourbodiesandteachusaboutourselves

andourworld.Organizedsportsgetususingourbodiesandminds,whichmakesusmoreimaginative,curious,and

creative.Theskillswelearncanhelpusinschoolandlateratwork.

Inanidealworld,sportswouldalwaysbefun.Butinreality,sportscancausephysicalhurtlikebroken

bones,andalsoharminmind.Inteamsports,misunderstandingsandhurtfeelingsarepartofthelearningprocess.

Sportsaresupposedtobringpeopletogether,buttheycanalsodrivepeopleapart.Butevenwhenthey’renot

alwaysacheerfulexperience,theyshowushowtofacelife’schallenges.

Youdon’thavetobeonaschoolteam.Butmany,likeschoolcoaches,havefoundwaystomakeplaytheir

work,whichmakesthemfeelwhole.

There’snobetterplacetoplayandlearnabouttheworldthanonasportsfield.Nomatterwhatsportyou

choose,thekeyistoplayforfun.Whenyoudo,you’realreadyawinner.

11．Inwhichpartofanewspapercanweprobablyreadthispassage?

A．Travel.B．Nature.C．Technology.D．Entertainment.

12．Whyisplayimportantforteenagersaccordingtothepassage?

A．Itreducestheirphysicalhurteasily.B．Itimprovestheirmindandbodyhealth.

C．Ithelpsthemhavemoretimeforsleep.D．Itteachesthemhowtowincompetitions.

13．Whichofthefollowingisthewriter’sopinion?

A．Peopleshouldtrytobecomeafamousathlete.

B．Peoplecanplaymainlyforfunandenjoyment.

C．Tryingteamsportsisbetterthanindividualones.

D．Avoidingsportsthatcausehurtisthebestchoice.

14．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．TheStylesofSportsB．TheHistoryofSports

C．TheCharmofSportsD．TheChallengesofSports

【答案】11．D12．B13．B14．C

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了體育運動的起源、發(fā)展、類型、價值以及其帶來的利弊，強調(diào)無論選擇何種運動，

關(guān)鍵是享受樂趣。

11．推理判斷題。本文主要講述了體育運動的起源、發(fā)展、類型、價值以及其帶來的利弊，屬于娛樂休閑

范疇，故最有可能出現(xiàn)在報紙的娛樂版塊。故選D。

12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheAmericanAcademyofPediatricssaysplayisimportantforkids’andteens’thinking,

bodies,sociallivesandfeelings.Sportsexerciseourbodiesandteachusaboutourselvesandourworld”可知，玩耍

對青少年的思維、身體、社交生活和情感都很重要，體育運動能鍛煉我們的身體，讓我們了解自己和世界，

即玩耍能改善青少年的身心健康。故選B。

13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Nomatterwhatsportyouchoose,thekeyistoplayforfun.Whenyoudo,you’realreadya

winner.”可知，無論選擇什么運動，關(guān)鍵是享受樂趣，當(dāng)你這樣做的時候，你已經(jīng)是贏家了，由此可推測出

作者認為人們可以主要是為了樂趣和享受而運動。故選B。

14．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要講述了體育運動的起源、發(fā)展、類型、價值以及其帶來的利弊，強調(diào)無論選擇

何種運動，關(guān)鍵是享受樂趣，以選項C“運動的魅力”為標(biāo)題最合適。故選C。

Passage5（2025·江蘇南通·中考真題）

①Doyousometimesfeeltooafraidtotrynewthings?Ifyouwanttogrowandgetbetter,youneedtotake

risksandchallengeyourself.Butyourbrainoftentellsyoutostaysafe.Itmightsay,“Don’tbothertrying

somethingnew.”Evenwhenthesethoughtsaren’treasonable,ouranxiety(擔(dān)心)canstillwin.Insteadofthinking

aboutthegoodthingsthatcouldhappen,weworrymoreabout“Whatifsomethinggoeswrong?”

②Avoidingallrisksmightseemsmart,butitcanmakeyoufeelunhappy.Theproblemisthatweoftenmake

decisionsbasedonfeelings,notfacts.Wethink,“ThemorescaredIfeel,theriskieritis.”Butfeelingsaren’t

alwaysreasonable.Ifweknewhowtothinkaboutrisksclearly,we’dknowwhichrisksareworthtaking.For

example,tryinganewhobbylikepaintingmightfeelscaryatfirst,butitcouldbringyoujoyandnewskills.

③Whetheryou’reafraidtochangeyourjobortoonervoustoaskafriendforcoffee,learningtotake“good

risks”canimproveyourlife.Herearegoodwaystohelp.

④Balancefeelingswithfacts.Manytimes,wethinkfearmeanssomethingrisky.Butthat’snottrue.For

example,drivingacarfeelssafebecausewedoiteveryday,butgivingaspeechinpublicmightmakeyourheart

beatfast.Yetthefactshowsthatcaraccidentsaremuchmorecommonthangettinghurtwhilespeaking!Sobefore

youavoiddoingsomethingscary,takethreedeepbreathsandaskyourself,“What’stherealriskhere?”

⑤Takestepstosucceed.Youcandomanysmallthingstolowerrisks.Ifyou’renervousaboutatest,makea

studyplanandrevieweachday—thishelpsyoufeelmoreprepared.It’sokaytofeelbutterfliesinyourstomach

whenyoutrysomethingnew.Facingfearhelpsbuildyourmentalmuscle,justlikeexercisingbuildsphysical

muscle.So,takingsmartriskshelpsyoubecomementallystronger.Eachtimeyoutrysomethingscary,youwill

learntodealwithuncertaintyandanxiety.You’llalsogetnewskillsandgrowfrommistakes.Ifyoutryoutfora

danceteamanddon’tmakeit,youcanaskforthereasonandthenpractisemore.Withpractice,you’llgetbetterat

facingrisks,andyourchancesofsuccesswillrise.

15．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A．Avoidingrisksisasmartwaytostayhappy.

B．Takingrisksrequiresustotrustourfeelings.

C．Ourbrainoftentellsustofacechallengesbravely.

D．Ourfeelingsofteninfluenceustomakedecisions.

16．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“buildyourmentalmuscle”meaninthelastparagraph?

A．Developstrengthinyourmind.B．Exerciseyourbodytostayhealthy.

C．Thinkmainlyaboutcheerfulthings.D．Avoidsituationsthatmakeyouafraid.

17．Whatisthestructureofthispassage?(①=Paragraph1,②=Paragraph2...)

A．B．C．D．

18．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．Takingsmartriskscanpushusforward.

B．Tryingmanysmallthingscanreducerisks.

C．Learningclearlyaboutrealriskscanhelpalot.

D．Practisingmorecanhelpdealwithrisksbetter.

【答案】15．D16．A17．C18．A

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要探討了如何通過理性評估風(fēng)險、克服恐懼心理，并采取“明智的風(fēng)險”來促進個人成長和

生活改善。

15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theproblemisthatweoftenmakedecisionsbasedonfeelings,notfacts.”可知，我們的

決策常常受情感影響。故選D。

16．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Facingfearhelpsbuildyourmentalmuscle,justlikeexercisingbuildsphysicalmuscle.So,

takingsmartriskshelpsyoubecomementallystronger.”可知，面對恐懼有助于鍛煉你的“精神肌肉”，就像鍛煉

身體肌肉一樣，因此明智地冒險可以幫助你在精神上變得更強大。此處的劃線部分指“增強心理力量”。故

選A。

17．篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。①段提出問題（恐懼阻礙嘗試新事物）；②段分析問題（情感驅(qū)動的風(fēng)險規(guī)避）；③段

過渡（提出“goodrisks”概念）；④⑤段分別給出具體方法（平衡情感與事實/分步驟行動）。結(jié)構(gòu)為：

①/②/③/④⑤，故選C。

18．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“l(fā)earningtotake‘goodrisks’canimproveyourlife”以及通讀全文可知，本文主要探討

了如何通過理性評估風(fēng)險、克服恐懼心理，并采取“明智的風(fēng)險”來促進個人成長和生活改善。文章圍繞“明

智冒險”展開，故選A。

Passage6（2025·江蘇常州·中考真題）

Forthosewhoseheartsoftengooffbeat,pacemakers(心臟起搏器)arelifesavers.Byprovidingasmall

electricalsupportattherightmoment,theycankeepaheartworkingproperly.

Theirmainproblemisthattheyusebatteries.Eventhebestofthemwillrunoutofenergy,andchangingthe

batteriesrequiresoperations.Sinceoperationsareusuallybestavoided,thesearchhasbeenonforlong-lasting

batteries.Differentchoiceshavebeenexploredforalongtime.Today,pacemakerswithlithium(鋰)batterieslast

between5and15years.

ZhangHao,fromShanghaiSecondMilitaryMedicalUniversity,andYangBin,fromShanghaiJiaoTong

University,triedawaytorefillapacemaker’sbatterywithelectricity(電)bygettingenergyfrominsidethebody.

TheyreportinthemagazineACSNanothattheyhavealsousedtheheartmuscle(肌肉)itselftowork.Earlier

effortsbyotherscientiststouseheartmusclepowertorunpacemakersdependonpiezoelectricmaterials(壓電材

料).Thesematerialscanbeconnectedtoabeatingheartandproduceelectricitywhentheyareslightlydeformed

(彎曲).Thishasworked,butnotwellenough:theoutputhasrarelybeenover5microwatts(微瓦),whilemost

pacemakersrequireatleastten.

DrZhangandDrYangbelievedthattheycouldimprovemattersbymakingtheirpiezoelectricmaterials

moredramaticallydeformed,andthenproduce15microwatts,becausethemoredeformed,themoreelectricitywill

beproduced.Theyputtheirideatothetestina50kgpig.Itmadeenoughelectricityforthepacemakertoworkas

expected.

Whethersuchanideawillpasshumantestsremainstobeseen.Butifitdoes,thedaysofpacemakersthat

needbatterychangesthroughoperationsmaynotlastlong.

19．Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,whatisaproblemwithpacemakers?

A．Theyoftengooffbeat.

B．Theirenergycanbeusedup.

C．Operationsofteninfluencethem.

D．Theysometimesdoharmtohearts.

20．Fromthispassage,whatdoweknowaboutpiezoelectricmaterials?

A．Theycanbeusedtoproduceelectricity.

B．Theycandeformthehearttomakeitbeatfaster.

C．TheywerefirstusedbyZhangHaoandYangBin.

D．Theywereprovedtoproduce15microwattsinhumantests.

21．Whatdoestheword“dramatically”inthe4thparagraphmostprobablymean?

A．Comfortably.B．Safely.C．Greatly.D．Rapidly.

22．Whatisthebesttitleforthisarticle?

A．NoNeedtoUsePacemakers

B．TheProblemwithPiezoelectricMaterials

C．TheContributionofChineseScientiststoHeartOperations

D．ChineseScientistsFoundaNewWaytoImprovePacemakers

【答案】19．B20．A21．C22．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹中國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種改進心臟起搏器的新方法。

19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theirmainproblemisthattheyusebatteries.Eventhebestofthemwillrunoutofenergy,

andchangingthebatteriesrequiresoperations.”可知，心臟起搏器的問題是電池會耗盡電量，故選B。

20．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thesematerialscanbeconnectedtoabeatingheartandproduceelectricitywhentheyare

slightlydeformed(彎曲).”可知，這些材料在輕微彎曲時，能夠與跳動的心臟相連并產(chǎn)生電能，所以壓電材料

可以被用來發(fā)電。故選A。

21．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“becausethemoredeformed,themoreelectricitywillbeproduced”可知，因為變形程度

越大，產(chǎn)生的電量就越多；可推測出“dramatically”意為“顯著地”，與“greatly”意思相近。故選C。

22．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹中國科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種改進心臟起搏器的新方法，D選項為最佳標(biāo)題。故

選D。

Passage7（2025·江蘇常州·中考真題）

Citizenscienceiswhenpublicvolunteerstakepartinscientificprojectsbycollectinginformationor

monitoring(監(jiān)測)possibleproblemsandthenreporttheirfindingsbacktoresearchgroups.Thismethodis

meaningfulbecauseitallowsscientiststogetlotsofinformationandbetterunderstandanimals,natureandmore.

Asateenagerstudent,youcanjoinindifferentkindsofsuchprojects.Belowaresomegreatideasyoucan

consider.

Watchfrogs(青蛙)

JoinFrogWatchtohelpmonitorwetlandfrogpopulations.Youreffortswillhelpscientistscheckpopulations

anddetectanyrareoralienkindsearly.Learnmoreat.

Watchstars

TheonlineGalaxyZooprojectletsyoulookatspacephotosandputthemintodifferentgroupsbyshapeso

thatscientistscanlearnmoreaboutwhatisinouterspace—andyoudon’tevenneedatelescope(望遠鏡)!Visit

tofindoutmore.

Countbirds

JointheSummerBirdCountfromJuly20toAugust10.Manycitizenscientistswillgettogetherandcount

allthebirdstheyseetohelpscientistslearnmoreabouthowbirdstravel.Visittogetmore

information.

Takewatersamples(樣本)

VisittoorderalessonthatwillteachyouhowtotestwaterforpH,temperatureand

freshness.Enteryourresultsontheirwebsitetohelpscientistsbetterunderstandthestateoftheworld’swater.

23．Whydoyoujoinacitizenscienceproject?

A．Tomakemoney.B．Tobecomeascientist.

C．Tohelpwithscienceresearch.D．Totrainothersonscientificknowledge.

24．Whatshouldyoupayattentiontowhenyouwatchstars?

A．Size.B．Shape.C．Number.D．Quality.

25．Ifyouareinterestedinchemistry,youcanvisit________.

A．B．

C．D．

【答案】23．C24．B25．D

【導(dǎo)語】本文就參加公民科學(xué)給出一些建議。

23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thismethodismeaningfulbecauseitallowsscientiststogetlotsofinformationandbetter

understandanimals,natureandmore.”可知，這種方法具有重要意義，因為它能讓科學(xué)家們獲取大量信息，并

更好地了解動物、自然等事物。故選C。

24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheonlineGalaxyZooprojectletsyoulookatspacephotosandputthemintodifferent

groupsbyshape”可知，根據(jù)形狀將它們分類到不同的組別中，所以志愿者需要注意星星的形狀。故選B。

25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“VisittoorderalessonthatwillteachyouhowtotestwaterforpH,

temperatureandfreshness.”可知，如果對化學(xué)感興趣，可以訪問網(wǎng)站。故選D。

Passage8（2025·江蘇徐州·中考真題）

OnaMondaymorninginAmsterdam,theworkdaybeganasusualforJim.Whenfinishinghiscoffee,Jim

checkedtextmessagesonhisphone.Then,hegothisbagandwenttothenearestrailwaystation.Hewasn’tthere

totakethetrain,though.Instead,Jimchoseoneofthepublicbicycleslinedupoutsidethestation.Afterunlocking

abikewithasmartcard,hesetoutforhisjobontheothersideofthecity.Hejoinedothercyclistsinthebikelanes

(道),safelyseparatedfromcartraffic.

Amsterdamwasn’talwaysbicyclefriendly.Infact,cyclingusedtobedangerous,especiallyduringthe

secondhalfofthetwentiethcentury.ThiswasatimeofrapidgrowthinAmsterdam.Aspeoplegotricher,they

wereabletoaffordexpensivegoodssuchascars.Forthefirsttime,drivingbecamepopular.Highwayswerebuilt

forcars.Thismeanttherewaslessspaceforcyclists.Havinghadalongtraditionofcycling,thiswasabigchange

forthecity.Ascartrafficincreased,sodidthenumberofbikingaccidents.Manyofthecyclistswerechildren.

PeopleinAmsterdamwereangry.Theyorganizedprotests(抗議)inthecitystreets.Governmentofficers

listened.Hopingtosolvetheproblemquickly,theystartedtothinkofwaystomakethecitysafeforcyclistsagain.

Soontherewereseparatebikelanes,andsomeareaswereclosedtocarsforever.Thechangesweresoeffective(有

效的)thattodayAmsterdamisamodelofbikingsafetyforothercitiesaroundtheworld.

26．Howdoesthewriterstartthepassage?

A．Bycomparingtwoplaces.B．Bydescribingascene.

C．Byansweringaquestion.D．Bylistinganumber.

27．WhydidJimgotothenearestrailwaystationonworkdaymorning?

A．Toworkthere.B．Totakethetrain.C．Toseeafriend.D．Torideabike.

28．WhatdoesthepassagetellaboutAmsterdam?

A．Ithasnohighwaysforcars.B．Itisalwaysbicyclefriendly.

C．Itseldomseeschanges.D．Itisfamousforbikingsafety.

29．Whattypeofbookisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?

A．Sciencefiction.B．Romanticnovel.C．Cityculture.D．Detectivestory.

【答案】26．B27．D28．D29．C

【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了阿姆斯特丹這座城市中自行車文化的發(fā)展變化。

26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OnaMondaymorninginAmsterdam,theworkdaybeganasusualforJim.Whenfinishing

hiscoffee,Jimcheckedtextmessagesonhisphone.Then,hegothisbagandwenttothenearestrailwaystation.”

可知，作者是通過描述一個場景來開始這篇文章的。故選B。

27．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hewasn’ttheretotakethetrain,though.Instead,Jimchoseoneofthepublicbicycleslined

upoutsidethestation.Afterunlockingabikewithasmartcard,hesetoutforhisjobontheothersideofthecity.”

可知，吉姆去最近的火車站不是為了坐火車，而是為了騎公共自行車去城市另一邊工作。故選D。

28．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thechangesweresoeffective(有效的)thattodayAmsterdamisamodelofbikingsafety

forothercitiesaroundtheworld.”可知，阿姆斯特丹如今是世界其他城市自行車安全方面的典范，即它以自行

車安全而聞名。故選D。

29．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了城市中自行車文化的發(fā)展變化，因此這篇文章可能摘自“城

市文化”這類的書，故選C。

Passage9（2025·江蘇宿遷·中考真題）

Wheredoesthewaterinourhomescomefrom?Howdopeoplechangeseawaterintofreshwater?How

doeswatercomeintoourhomes?Thispassagewillanswerthesequestions.

Inmostplaces,peoplegettheirwaterfromlakesandrivers.Thewaterisusuallyseenallyearround.In

someplaces,peoplegettheirwaterfromunder