2025年生態(tài)英文面試題庫及答案

一、單項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Whatistheprimarycauseofbiodiversityloss?A)ClimatechangeB)HabitatdestructionC)PollutionD)Overpopulation2.Whichofthefollowingisakeyindicatorofecosystemhealth?A)HighpopulationdensityofasinglespeciesB)Balancedpredator-preyrelationshipsC)HighlevelsofindustrialpollutionD)Lowgeneticdiversity3.Whatisthetermfortheprocessbywhichcarbondioxideisremovedfromtheatmosphereandstoredinplants?A)PhotosynthesisB)RespirationC)DecompositionD)Nitrogenfixation4.Whichecosystemisknownforitshighbiodiversityandisoftenreferredtoasthe"lungsoftheEarth"?A)DesertB)TundraC)RainforestD)Grassland5.Whatisthemainpurposeofawetland?A)ToprovidehabitatforwildlifeB)TogenerateelectricityC)TostoreoilD)Togrowcrops6.Whichofthefollowingisamajorthreattocoralreefs?A)OverfishingB)ClimatechangeC)InvasivespeciesD)Alloftheabove7.Whatisthetermforthenaturalprocessbywhichnutrientsarecycledthroughanecosystem?A)NutrientdepletionB)NutrientcyclingC)NutrientaccumulationD)Nutrientdeficiency8.Whichofthefollowingisaprimarysourceofgreenhousegases?A)ForestsB)WaterbodiesC)FossilfuelsD)Vegetation9.Whatisthetermforthestudyofhoworganismsinteractwiththeirenvironment?A)EcologyB)EvolutionC)GeneticsD)Paleontology10.Whichofthefollowingisakeystrategyforconservingbiodiversity?A)HabitatfragmentationB)SustainableagricultureC)OverexploitationofresourcesD)Urbanization二、填空題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Theprocessbywhichplantsconvertlightenergyintochemicalenergyiscalled_______.2.Thetermforthevarietyoflifeinagivenareais_______.3.Thenaturalprocessbywhichcarbonisstoredintheoceaniscalled_______.4.Thetermforthestudyofecosystemsandtheirinteractionsis_______.5.Thephenomenonwhererisingtemperaturescausepolaricetomeltisknownas_______.6.Thetermforthenaturalbalancebetweenpredatorandpreypopulationsis_______.7.Theprocessbywhichdeadorganicmatterisbrokendowniscalled_______.8.Thetermforthemovementofcarbondioxidefromtheatmospheretotheoceaniscalled_______.9.Thetermforthestudyofhowlivingorganismsadapttotheirenvironmentis_______.10.Thepracticeofusinglandinawaythatmaintainsitsproductivityandenvironmentalqualityiscalled_______.三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Climatechangeisprimarilycausedbynaturalfactorssuchasvolcaniceruptions.2.Biodiversityisessentialforthestabilityandresilienceofecosystems.3.Habitatdestructionisoneofthemaincausesofspeciesextinction.4.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsreleaseoxygenintotheatmosphere.5.Wetlandsareimportantforfloodcontrolandwaterpurification.6.Coralreefsareprimarilyfoundinfreshwaterenvironments.7.Nutrientcyclingiscrucialforthehealthofecosystems.8.Fossilfuelsarearenewablesourceofenergy.9.Ecologyisthestudyofindividualorganismsandtheirbehaviors.10.Sustainableagriculturepracticeshelpinconservingbiodiversity.四、簡答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Describetheroleofwetlandsinmaintainingecosystemhealth.2.Explaintheconceptofphotosynthesisanditsimportanceforecosystems.3.Discusstheimpactofclimatechangeonbiodiversity.4.Describetheimportanceofnutrientcyclinginecosystems.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Discusstheimportanceofconservingbiodiversityandthepotentialconsequencesofitsloss.2.Analyzetheroleofsustainableagricultureinecosystemconservation.3.Discusstheimpactofhumanactivitiesonwetlandecosystemsandpotentialconservationstrategies.4.Analyzethechallengesandopportunitiesinaddressingclimatechangefromanecologicalperspective.答案和解析一、單項選擇題答案1.B2.B3.A4.C5.A6.D7.B8.C9.A10.B二、填空題答案1.Photosynthesis2.Biodiversity3.Carbonsequestration4.Ecology5.Meltingicecaps6.Predator-preybalance7.Decomposition8.Carbondioxideuptake9.Adaptation10.Sustainablelanduse三、判斷題答案1.False2.True3.True4.True5.True6.False7.True8.False9.False10.True四、簡答題答案1.Wetlandsplayacrucialroleinmaintainingecosystemhealthbyprovidinghabitatsforavarietyofspecies,actingasnaturalwaterfilters,andhelpingtocontrolflooding.Theyalsocontributetocarbonstorageandnutrientcycling.2.Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Thisprocessisessentialforecosystemsasitprovidestheprimarysourceofenergyformostorganismsandreleasesoxygenintotheatmosphere.3.Climatechangeimpactsbiodiversitybyalteringhabitats,causingspeciestomigrateorfaceextinction,anddisruptingecologicalrelationships.Risingtemperatures,changingprecipitationpatterns,andextremeweathereventscanallhavesignificantconsequencesforecosystems.4.Nutrientcyclingisimportantinecosystemsasitensuresthecontinuousavailabilityofessentialnutrientsfororganisms.Itinvolvesprocessessuchasdecomposition,mineralization,anduptakebyplants,whichhelpsmaintainsoilfertilityandsupportsthegrowthoforganisms.五、討論題答案1.Conservingbiodiversityiscrucialformaintainingecosystemstability,resilience,andtheprovisionofecosystemservices.Thelossofbiodiversitycanleadtoecosystemcollapse,reducedecosystemservices,andnegativeimpactsonhumanwell-being.Potentialconsequencesincludelossofecosystemfunctions,reducedresiliencetoenvironmentalchanges,andlossofgeneticresources.2.Sustainableagriculturepractices,suchascroprotation,organicfarming,andagroforestry,helpinconservingbiodiversitybyminimizingtheuseofsyntheticfertilizersandpesticides,preservingnaturalhabitats,andpromotingthediversityofcropsandlivestock.Thesepracticescontributetosoilhealth,waterquality,andtheconservationofnativespecies.3.Humanactivitiessuchasdeforestation,pollution,andurbanizationhavesignificantimpactsonwetlandecosystems.Theseactivitiescanleadtohabitatloss,degradation,andfragmentation,affectingthespeciesthatdependonwetlands.Conservat