第2講夾敘夾議文目錄索引體裁解讀技法點撥0102體裁解讀解題要領要領解讀分析結(jié)構,抓住作者的觀點借助文章結(jié)構,即事例→觀點,觀點→事例,觀點→事例→觀點,體會記敘和議論的關系,抓住作者的觀點,明確文章的組織方式。看文章屬于上述哪種結(jié)構,從而明白作者的寫作思路。重視首句,把握文章主題首句往往是文章的關鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作中心,為全面理解文章打開一扇“窗戶”。解題要領要領解讀敘議兼顧,理解議論內(nèi)涵夾敘夾議文中敘與議是一個有機的整體,敘是議的基礎,而議是敘的升華。在讀這類文章時,掌握議論部分的內(nèi)容是關鍵,因為敘述是為作者的議論而服務的。所以只有把故事和哲理聯(lián)系起來,再結(jié)合對人物心理和行為的描述,全面把握文章才能正確解題。抓住轉(zhuǎn)換,理清邏輯關系抓住記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換,及時調(diào)整思維方式,理清上下文之間的邏輯關系,在充分把握語境的基礎上,辨析詞語,進一步把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度,找到正確答案。[典型例題](2024新課標Ⅰ卷)I’ve

been

motivated—and

demotivated—by

other

folks’

achievements

all

my

life.When

I

was

a

teenager,a

neighborhood

friend

41

a

marathon

race.

Feeling

motivated,I

started

running

42

,but

then

two

things

happened.First,

a

girl

I

met

one

day

told

me

she

was

43

for

a

“super,”

referring

to

a

52.4-mile

double

marathon.Then,the

next

day

I

went

on

my

longest

run—15

miles.

To

be

honest,I

44

it!Between

the

girl

making

my

45

seem

small

and

the

pure

boredom

of

jogging,I

decided

that

the

only

46

I’d

ever

run

again

is

if

a

big

dog

was

running

after

me!

So

I

47

cycling.I

got

a

good

bike

and

rode

a

lot.I

48

of

entering

cycle

races

until

I

flew

to

San

Diego

to

visit

my

sister.While

she

was

at

work

one

day,I

49

her

bike

and

went

for

a

ride.The

50

:The

roads

there

went

through

large

valleys

where

I’d

be

riding

uphill

for

miles

at

a

time.

I’d

never

faced

such

51

.That

day,I

got

52

by

about

100

“l(fā)ocal”

bikers

who

were

used

to

such

roads.When

I

got

back

home,suddenly

riding

my

bike

didn’t

seem

quite

as

53

.

I’ve

54

a

lot

since

then.I’ve

come

to

accept

that

whatever

55

I

set

for

myself,they

just

have

to

be

my

own.

【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者在一生中從其他人的成就中,既受到了激勵,也變得消極的故事,最終作者明白了這樣一個道理:無論自己設定什么樣的目標,都必須是適合自己的目標。41.A.knew

B.held

C.won

D.quit答案

C解析

根據(jù)下一句中的“Feeling

motivated”可推斷出,作者的朋友贏得了(won)一場馬拉松比賽。42.A.regularly B.silently

C.proudly

D.recently答案

A解析

根據(jù)“Feeling

motivated,I

started

running”可知,作者受到了激勵,所以開始經(jīng)常(regularly)跑步。43.A.asking B.looking

C.waiting

D.training答案

D解析

根據(jù)空后的“for

a‘super,’referring

to

a

52.4-mile

double

marathon”可知,作者遇到的一個女孩說她正在為一場52.4英里的雙程馬拉松進行訓練(training)。44.A.made B.believedC.hated D.deserved答案

C解析

根據(jù)前文的“Then,the

next

day

I

went

on

my

longest

run—15

miles.”以及后文的“Between

the

girl

making

my

seem

small

and

the

pure

boredom

of

jogging”可知,作者最長跑了15英里,和女孩一比微不足道,所以他討厭(hate)跑步。

45.A.advantage B.achievementC.contribution D.influence答案

B解析

根據(jù)上下文語境可知,作者最長跑了15英里,而女孩在為52.4英里做訓練,所以應是作者的成就(achievement)看起來微不足道。46.A.way B.risk

C.place

D.reason答案

D解析

根據(jù)上文的“Between

the

girl...and

the

pure

boredom

of

jogging”可知,作者在跑步方面的熱情被澆滅,因此他決定自己再次跑步的原因(reason)只能是“如果有一條大狗追自己”。47.A.gaveup B.wentonC.turnedto D.dealtwith答案

C解析

由上文可知,作者不跑步了,再根據(jù)下文作者買了自行車,并經(jīng)常騎車可知,他轉(zhuǎn)向了(turned

to)騎自行車。48.A.heard B.dreamedC.complained D.approved答案

B解析

根據(jù)上一句“I

got

a

good

bike

and

rode

a

lot.”可知,作者對騎自行車又有了濃厚的興趣,故他夢想著(dreamed)參加自行車比賽。49.A.painted B.borrowedC.bought D.parked答案

B解析

根據(jù)上文可知,作者去了姐姐家。一天姐姐去上班了,作者借了(borrowed)她的自行車,去騎車了。50.A.problem B.secret

C.principle

D.advice答案

A解析

根據(jù)空后的“The

roads

there

went

through

large

valleys...riding

uphill

for

miles

at

a

time.”可知,作者這次騎自行車面臨著路線不好走的問題(problem)。51.A.dangers B.eventsC.opponents D.challenges答案

D解析

根據(jù)上文的描述“The

roads...riding

uphill

for

miles

at

a

time.”可知,作者從來沒有遇到過這樣的挑戰(zhàn)(challenges)。52.A.passed B.convincedC.admired D.stopped答案

A解析

根據(jù)“about

100‘local’bikers

who

were

used

to

such

roads”和“When

I

got

back

home,suddenly...”可知,作者又遇到了挫折:他被當?shù)卮蠹s100名習慣了路況的騎自行車的人超越了(passed)。53.A.reliable B.convenientC.familiar D.appealing答案

D解析

根據(jù)“suddenly

riding

my

bike

didn’t

seem

quite

as...”可知,作者突然覺得騎自行車好像不那么有吸引力了(appealing)。54.A.traveled B.matured

C.missed

D.worried答案

B解析

根據(jù)下文的“I’ve

come

to

accept

that

whatever

I

set

for

myself,they

just

have

to

be

my

own.”可知,從那時起,作者成熟了(matured)許多。

55.A.limits B.dates

C.goals

D.tests答案

C解析

作者跑步和騎自行車都是他為自己設定的目標,所以作者已經(jīng)開始接受這樣一個事實:無論他為自己設定什么目標(goals),都必須是適合他自己的目標。技法點撥技法1利用生活常識和文化背景解題[典例]First,a

girl

I

met

one

day

told

me

she

was

43

for

a

“super”,referring

to

a

52.4-mile

double

marathon.

43.A.asking

B.lookingC.waiting

D.training

?分析

根據(jù)生活常識可以推測,女孩要跑52.4英里的雙程馬拉松,所以她要為了成為一名“超人”而訓練。[自主解答]

D【點撥】一些完形填空題經(jīng)常會涉及文化或生活常識方面的知識,這些文化或生活常識主要靠考生平時的閱讀積累,從某種程度上來說,此類問題主要考查考生的學習視野和知識面。(1)生活常識[真題體驗1](2023浙江1月卷)Here,in

south-east

Ethiopia,hand-carved

beehives(蜂箱)

are

placed

in

the

42.treetops.Reaching

them

to

get

the

honey

is

difficult—and

often

43

.

43.A.urgent

B.dangerousC.expensive

D.pointless答案

B解析

urgent緊急的;dangerous危險的;expensive昂貴的;pointless毫無意義的。根據(jù)常識可知,手工雕刻的蜂箱被放置在樹頂上,采摘蜂蜜很難并且經(jīng)常也很危險。故選B項。[真題體驗2](2023全國甲卷)It’s

good

to

eat

things

at

the

correct

time,when

they’re

58

,and

as

close

as

possible

to

where

they

were

59

.

58.A.on

view

B.on

saleC.in

season

D.in

need答案

C解析

on

view在展出;on

sale出售;in

season應季的;in

need在困難中。根據(jù)生活常識可知,“吃應季的和盡可能靠近產(chǎn)地的東西”是正確的做法。故選C項。59.A.finished B.storedC.found D.grown答案

D解析

finish完成;store貯存;find找到;grow種植,生長。根據(jù)生活常識可知,“吃應季的和盡可能靠近原產(chǎn)地的東西”是正確的做法。故選D項。(2)文化背景[真題體驗3](天津卷)Roberta

appeared

on

the

stage.She

took

a

deep

breath

and

began

to

16.speak.Now

she

was

Portia,a

strong-willed

17

in

Shakespeare’s

The

Merchant

of

Venice.The

theatre

was

filled

with

people.She

was

speaking

with

a

power

she

had

never

before

experienced,the

words

flowing

18.smoothly

from

her.

17.A.member

B.actressC.player

D.character答案

D解析

表示小說或戲劇中的“人物”或“角色”,用character。故選D項。技法2利用語境暗示分析法解題[典例]While

she

was

at

work

one

day,I

49

her

bike

and

went

for

a

ride.

49.A.painted

B.borrowedC.bought

D.parked

?分析

利用語境暗示分析法解題。根據(jù)本空前的“Whileshewasatworkoneday”暗示可推知,姐姐去上班了,所以作者借了她的自行車。[自主解答]

【點撥】上下文語境具體體現(xiàn)為全文的中心主線和主題、作者的態(tài)度傾向和評價、上下文語篇銜接、句際和段際關系。在句內(nèi)層次題中,我們通?？梢酝ㄟ^上下文語境暗示,即根據(jù)已知信息,推導出正確答案。B(1)根據(jù)上文提示[真題體驗1](2023新課標Ⅰ卷)Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher44.racewhenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She45.stoppedtohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith

46

.Shecouldn’t.

46.A.courage

B.aidC.patience D.advice答案

B解析

courage勇氣;aid幫助;patience耐心;advice建議。根據(jù)上文語境“She

stopped

to

help

her

fellow

runner”可知,此處表示看Lenoue是否能在她的幫助下向前走。故選B項。(2)根據(jù)下文提示[真題體驗2](2023新課標Ⅱ卷)They

had

to

move

to

Virginia

but

they

were

on

a

very

tight

41

.They

could

not

afford

to

pay

for

42.transportation

for

their

dog,Tiffy,and

43.desperately

wanted

to

take

her

with

them.

41.A.turn

B.budgetC.schedule

D.connection答案

B解析

turn轉(zhuǎn)折點;budget預算;schedule時間表;connection聯(lián)系。根據(jù)下文語境“They

could

not

afford

to

pay

for

transportation

for

their

dog,Tiffy”可知,這個家庭的預算非常緊張。故選B項。課堂應用(2020全國Ⅰ卷改編)Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.The

1

isobvious.Ifweadmititisadoor,they’llwanttogooutside

2

.Itwilldriveuscrazy.Thekidsapparentlyknowthe

3

.Butourinsistingit’smerelyawindowhaskeptthemfrom

4

millionsofrequeststoopenthedoor.

Ihatelyingtothekids.Onedaythey’ll

5

anddiscoverthateverythingthey’vealwaysknownaboutwindowsisalie.

Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe

6

.Ihaveaverystrong

7

thattheliewe’retellingisdoingspiritualdamagetoourchildren.Windowsanddoorshave

8

metaphorical(比喻)meanings.I’mtellingthemtheycan’topenwhattheyabsolutelyknowisadoor.Whatiflaterin

9

theycometoametaphoricaldoor,likeanopportunity(機會)ofsomesort,and

10

openingthedoorandtakingtheopportunity,theyjust

11

itandwonder,“Whatifitisn’tadoor?”Thatis,“Whatifitisn’ta

12

opportunity?”

Maybeit’sanunreasonablefear.Butthe

13

isthatIshouldn’tlietomykids.Ishouldjust

14

repeatedlyhavingtosay,“No.Wecan’tgooutsidenow.”Thenwhentheycometootherdoorsinlife,betheyrealormetaphorical,theywon’t

15

toopenthemandwalkthrough.

【語篇導讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。在生活中,父母可以向孩子撒謊嗎?如果父母對孩子撒謊,有可能會對孩子造成精神上的傷害。1.A.relief

B.targetC.reason D.case答案

C解析

結(jié)合上下文可知,作者夫婦告訴孩子們那扇滑動玻璃門只是一扇窗戶,而對孩子們?nèi)鲋e的原因是想要阻止他們出去,這個“原因”是顯而易見的。故選C項。2.A.gradually B.constantlyC.temporarily D.casually答案

B解析

根據(jù)常識可知,孩子們會不斷地想從門里走出去。constantly

不斷地。故選B項。3.A.result B.dangerC.method D.truth答案

D解析

根據(jù)下文“我們堅持說它是窗戶”可知,此處意為“孩子們顯然是知道了真相”。故選D項。4.A.reviewing B.approvingC.receiving D.attempting答案

D解析

孩子們知道了它是一道門時,就會嘗試著請求到外面去。孩子們在是否能到外面去這個問題上還是嘗試著向父母做出請求,這符合常理。故選D項。5.A.winout B.giveupC.wakeup D.standout答案

C解析

隨著孩子們長大,終有一天他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們一直知道的窗戶是個謊言,也就是說他們覺醒了。故選C項。6.A.restrictions B.explanationsC.differences D.consequences答案

D解析

根據(jù)常識可知,父母無論是一直說謊還是一直講真話,都會產(chǎn)生后果。故可判斷句意為“我不知道父母是否應該一直不計后果地講真話”。故選D項。7.A.demand B.fearC.desire D.doubt答案

B解析

根據(jù)下文“Maybe

it’s

an

unreasonable

fear”可知,此處意為“我有一種很強的擔憂”。故選B項。8.A.traditional B.importantC.double D.original答案

B解析

本段中,作者將“機會”比喻為“門

”,而生活中的機會對于每個