考點(diǎn)分類練(十二)主旨大意題(3)高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1

(2024湖南衡陽二模)主題:人工智能

詞數(shù):371

難度:★★★☆☆Withartificialintelligence(AI)androbotictechnologyimprovingatimpressiverates,therearesomewhoworrythatthere’sariskofartisticandcreativepeoplebeingreplaced.AnewstudybytheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnology,however,isshowingexactlywhythatcan’tandshouldn’thappen.ItallstartedwhentheSouthKoreancompanyposedthisquestion:Canrobotsreplaceconductors?Overayearago,worktodevelopautomaton(自動(dòng)化)began.Atfirst,itwasdesignedlikeamachine,anddidn’tliveuptoexpectations.Thenthecompanysoughtwaystoimproveit.Intheend,itwasgiventwoarmswithjointstocopywristsandelbows,allowingittomoveasticksimilarlytohowahumanconductorwouldmoveit.ItwasnamedtheEveR6robot,andstandsat1.8meters.Itwasfinallytimetofigureouthowitcouldfollowthroughonitsmusicalrole.“Wegotinvolvedinthisprojecttoseehowfarrobotscangoinmorecreativefieldslikethearts,andwhatthechallengesare,”Dong-wookLee,aseniorresearcherattheKoreanInstituteofIndustrialTechnologysaid.Inordertopullthisoff,Dong-wookLeecooperatedwiththeBusanPhilharmonicOrchestra.The12-minutepiecetheyplannedtoperform,“Feel”byIl-hoonSon,wascreatedspecificallyforthisevent.ItwascreatedwiththestrengthsofbothEveR6andthehumanconductor,Soo-yeolChoi,inmind.Topulloffthisimpressiveperformance,therobotwaspreprogrammedtoconductthrough30cyclesofbeatpatterns.Meanwhile,itwasuptothehumanconductortoleadtheorchestraincreatinganimprovisational(即興的)score,

addingdepthtotheotherwiseplannedpiece.Together,theypulledoffamasterfulperformancethattheaudienceseemedmorethanhappytohavehadtheopportunitytowitnessitfirst-hand!Withtheconcerthavinggonesowell,thisisonlythestartofEveR6.Still,nomattertheimprovementsthey’reabletomaketothisAndroidrobot,

thehumanconductorisn’tconcernedaboutbeingreplaced.“Let’sleavetheaccuracytotherobots,”Soo-yeolChoisaid,“butthemusicalandartisticaspectstoahumanconductor.”【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了隨著人工智能(AI)和機(jī)器人技術(shù)以驚人的速度發(fā)展,一些人擔(dān)心藝術(shù)和創(chuàng)意人才有被取代的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。然而,韓國工業(yè)技術(shù)研究所(Korean

Institute

of

Industrial

Technology)的一項(xiàng)新研究恰恰說明了為什么這不能也不應(yīng)該發(fā)生。1.What

is

paragraph

2

mainly

about?A.ThefunctionoftheEveR6robot.B.ThedevelopmentoftheEveR6robot.C.TheEveR6robot’sroleasaconductor.D.ThedifficultyindesigningtheEveR6robot.答案

B解析

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“Over

a

year

ago,work

to

develop

automaton...and

stands

at

1.8

meters.”可知,第二段主要講述了EveR

6機(jī)器人的研發(fā)過程。2.What

can

be

learned

about

“Feel”?A.It

is

a

piece

familiar

to

the

audience.B.It

is

a

piece

showing

the

human-robot

cooperation.C.It

is

the

only

piece

that

EveR

6

will

perform.D.It

is

a

piece

requiring

great

ability

to

conduct.答案

B解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“The

12-minute

piece

they

planned

to

perform,‘Feel’by

Il-hoon

Son,was

created

specifically

for

this

event.It

was

created

with

the

strengths

of

both

EveR

6

and

the

human

conductor,Soo-yeol

Choi,in

mind”可推知,“Feel”是一個(gè)展示人機(jī)合作的作品。3.What

role

did

Soo-yeol

Choi

play

in

the

performance?A.He

corrected

the

robot’s

mistakes.B.He

programmed

the

EveR

6

robot.C.He

led

the

improvisational

section

of

the

performance.D.He

was

the

main

conductor

of

the

Busan

Philharmonic

Orchestra.答案

C解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“Meanwhile,it

was

up

to

the

human

conductor

to

lead

the

orchestra

in

creating

an

improvisational

score,

adding

depth

to

the

otherwise

planned

piece.”可知,他在表演中指揮演出的即興部分。4.What

is

Soo-yeol

Choi’s

attitude

towards

EveR

6?A.Unclear.

B.Uncaring.C.Supportive.

D.Doubtful.答案

C解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“‘Let’s

leave

the

accuracy

to

the

robots,’Soo-yeol

Choi

said,‘but

the

musical

and

artistic

aspects

to

a

human

conductor.’可推知,Soo-yeol

Choi對(duì)這個(gè)機(jī)器人持支持的態(tài)度。Passage

2

(2024山東棗莊二模)主題:聊天機(jī)器人

詞數(shù):312

難度:★★★☆☆Evenifyouhaven’theldaconversationwithSiriorAlexa,you’velikelyencounteredachatbotonline.Theyoftenappearinachatwindowthatpopsupwithafriendlygreeting:Thankyouforvisitingoursite.HowcanIhelpyoutoday?Dependingonthesite,thechatbotisprogrammedtorespondaccordinglyandevenaskfollow-upquestions.ChatbotsareaformofconversationalAIdesignedtosimplifyhumaninteractionwithcomputers.Theyareprogrammedtosimulatehumanconversationandexhibitintelligentbehaviorthatisequivalenttothatofahuman.Chatbotscommunicatethroughspeechortext.Bothrelyonartificialintelligencetechnologieslikemachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichisabranchofartificialintelligencethatteachesmachinestoread,analyzeandinterprethumanlanguage.Thistechnologygiveschatbotsabaselineforunderstandinglanguagestructureandmeaning.NLP,inessence,allowsthecomputertounderstandwhatyouareaskingandhowtoappropriatelyrespond.Withdevelopmentsindeeplearningandreinforcementlearning,chatbotscaninterpretmorecomplexitiesinlanguageandimprovethedynamicnatureofconversationbetweenhumansandmachine.Essentially,achatbottriestomatchwhatyou’veaskedtoanintentthatitunderstands.Themoreachatbotcommunicateswithyou,themoreitunderstandsandthemoreitlearnstocommunicatelikeyouandotherswithsimilarquestions.Yourpositiveresponsesreinforceitsanswers,andthenitusesthoseanswersagain.Fromcustomerservicechatbotsonlinetopersonalassistantsinourhomes,chatbotshavestartedtoenterourlives.Inalmosteveryindustry,

companiesareusingchatbotstohelpcustomerseasilynavigatetheirwebsites,

answersimplequestionsanddirectpeopletotherelevantpointsofcontact.

PersonalassistantslikeSiriandAlexaaredesignedtorespondtoawiderangeofscenariosandqueries,fromcurrentweatherandnewsupdatestopersonalcalendars,musicselectionsandrandomquestions.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。短文介紹了聊天機(jī)器人的工作原理和應(yīng)用。5.Why

does

the

author

mention

Siri

and

Alexa

in

paragraph

1?A.To

explain

how

a

chatbot

works.B.To

show

where

to

find

a

chatbot.C.To

give

examples

of

chatbots.D.To

compare

different

chatbots.答案

C解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Even

if

you

haven’t

held

a

conversation...Thank

you

for

visiting

our

site.”可知,作者在第一段提到了Siri和Alexa是給出聊天機(jī)器人的例子。6.What

is

the

basis

of

chatbots?A.Language

study.B.Data

transmission.C.Social

interaction.D.Natural

language

processing.答案

D解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Both

rely

on

artificial

intelligence

technologies

like

machine

learning

and

natural

language

processing

(NLP)”可知,聊天機(jī)器人的基礎(chǔ)是自然語言處理。7.What

does

the

underlined

word

“reinforce”

in

paragraph

4

mean?A.Inspire.

B.Strengthen.C.Organize.

D.Match.答案

B解析

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“The

more

a

chatbot

communicates

with

you,the

more

it

understands

and

the

more

it

learns

to

communicate

like

you

and

others

with

similar

questions.”以及下文“then

it

uses

those

answers

again.”可知,“Your

positive

responses

reinforce

its

answers”表達(dá)的意思是“你的積極回應(yīng)強(qiáng)化了它的答案”,畫線詞reinforce與strengthen“鞏固,強(qiáng)化”意思一致。8.What

is

the

last

paragraph

mainly

about?A.The

future

trend

of

chatbots.B.The

author’s

predictions.C.The

effects

of

chatbots.D.The

applications

of

chatbots.答案

D解析

主旨大意題。通讀最后一段可知,最后一段主要講關(guān)于聊天機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用。Passage

3

(2024湖南婁底一模)主題:快時(shí)尚企業(yè)衣服生產(chǎn)過剩

詞數(shù):369難度:★★★★★Theimpactoffastfashionontheenvironmentissignificant.RecentlyZara,oneofthelargestfast-fashionretailers(零售商)intheworld,putforthaconceptthatonlysustainablefabricsareusedinclothingproduction.ButhowcanZaraeverbesustainable?Theyproducearound450milliongarments(衣服)ayearandrelease500newdesignsaweek,about20,000ayear.Zara’sfast-fashionmodelhasbeensosuccessfulthatithasinspiredanentireindustrytofollowthem.Clothingproductiondoubledfrom2012to2022.Theaverageconsumerbought60percentmoreclothingin2022thanin2012,butkepteachgarmenthalfaslong.Andlessthanonepercentofallclothingproducedgloballyisrecycled.Ispendalotoftimereadingthecorporatesocialresponsibilityreportsoflargebrandsandinterviewingmicro-to-smallsizedenterprisestoseehowtheyapproachsustainability.Thelargestsignificantdifferencebetweenthemisculture.Smallbrandsfocusoncreatingacultureofsustainabilitybyusingstrategieslikeproducingmade-to-order,sotheyarenotmakingmorethanwhatissold.Mostsmallbrandsareoptingtoworkunderan“anti-fashioncalendar”.Theychoosenottofollowtheintenseseasonalcalendarthatfashionfunctionsunder.Theydothisbecausewasteisoneoftheirbiggestconcerns.Theyalsodesignclothingtobeofthehighestquality,ensuringdurabilityandlongevity,soyoumaykeepitlonger.Fastfashionisa“growordie”business,andthefast-fashiongrowthmodelusedbyalllargecompaniesispredicatedonlimitlessgrowth.Largeglobalcorporateretailersarenotseekingtochangetheirfundamentalbusinessmodelorcreateculturesofsustainability.Thatwouldrequirere-workingtheirentirebusinessstructureandultimatelyhurttheirbottomline.

IwouldstarttobelieveZaraandotherlargefashionbrandshadgoodintentionstofightclimatechangeiftheystartedtolookathowtomoveawayfromtheircontinuousofferingsofweeklynewproducts.Theyneedtointroducealternativesustainablebusinessmodelpractices.Onesmallstepcouldbetoofferrepairortailoringservices.Tailoringcreatesclothesthatfitperfectly,subsequentlyincreasingtheiremotionalvalue,sothatwelovethemandkeepthemlonger.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹快時(shí)尚企業(yè)生產(chǎn)過量的衣服,破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境,不符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展,希望他們能引入可持續(xù)發(fā)展的商業(yè)模式。9.What

does

the

author

intend

to

show

with

the

numbers

about

Zara

in

paragraph

1?A.Zara

is

not

eco-friendly.B.Zara

is

popular

with

consumers.C.Zara

is

a

large

fast-fashion

retailer.D.Zara

is

a

success

in

fashion

industry.答案

A解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“But

how

can

Zara

ever

be

sustainable...an

entire

industry

to

follow

them.”可知,Zara每年生產(chǎn)過量的衣服,破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境,不符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展,也就是說Zara不環(huán)保。10.Which

of

the

following

shows

a

cultural

feature

of

small