TeachingandLearningDesign選擇性必修Book2Unit5FirstAid教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)Period4Teachingandlearningcontents:LearningAboutLanguage—Discoveringusefulstructuresprehensiveteachingandlearningobjectives:Bytheendofthisperiod,thestudentswillhavebeenableto:1)Reviewthefunctionsofthevingformandsummarizehowtousethevingformproperly;2)Practiseanalysingthesentencestructuresandusingvingforminthecontextcorrectly.Teachingandlearningimportantpoints:1)Reviewingandsummarizethefunctionsandusesofthevingform;2)Practisinganalysingthesentencestructuresandusingvingforminthecontextcorrectly.Teachingandlearningdifficultpoints:1)Reviewingandsummarizethefunctionsandusesofthevingform;2)Practisinganalysingthesentencestructuresandusingvingforminthecontextcorrectly.Teachingandlearningprocedure:Step1LeadinginandrevisionActivity1Leadinginandrevision1.Leadintheteachingandlearningtopicbyintroducingthelearningobjectivesofthisperiod.2.Reviseanddistinguishpredicateverbsandnonfiniteverbsbrieflyfromtheperspectiveofusagesandforms.Step2DiscoveringusefulstructuresActivity2DiscoveringthestructuresAnalyzethefunctionofthevingformineachsentencebelowandthenyouexpressthesameideaswithoutusingtheingform.Answers:1.subject.Asyoucanimagine,ifyougetburnt,itcanleadtoveryseriousinjuries.2.predicative.Thefirstandmostimportantstepinthetreatmentofburnsistogivefirstaid.3.attribute.Itisbesttorunsomecoolwaterandplaceburnsunderit,especiallywithinthefirsttenminutes.4.adverbial(using),objectplement(sticking).Usescissorstoremoveanyclothesifnecessary,unlessyoufindthatthefabricisstickingtotheburntskin.5.objectafterapreposition.Toprotecttheburntarea,youcancoveritwithaloosecleancloth.Step3LearningaboutthestructuresActivity3Learningaboutthestructures—Reviewingandsummarizingtheforms,meanings,functionsandusesofthevingformGetthestudentstoreadthegrammarexplanationsinRBorAppendixbythemselvesandpletetheexercisesinRBinadvance.Andthenreviseandsummarizetheforms,meanings,functionsandusesofthevingformwiththehelpofthegrammarexplanationsinthereferencebook.I.ving形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、意義語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)肯定式否定式肯定式否定式一般式doingnotdoingbeingdonenotbeingdone完成式havingdonenothavingdonehavingbeendonenothavingbeendone1.ving形式的一般式多表示一般情況，其所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后；其完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。e.g.Davidinsistedonrunningasifhehadforgottenallhisweaknesses,thoughhewastrippedoverwithinafewkilometers.(一般式)盡管大衛(wèi)在幾公里內(nèi)被絆倒了，但是他堅(jiān)持跑，好像他已經(jīng)忘記了所有的弱點(diǎn)。Havingunderstoodthis,Itookadeepbreathandsatbackintomyseat,pretendingIwasreallyonarollercoaster.(完成式)明白了這一點(diǎn)后，我深吸一口氣，坐回座位，假裝自己真的坐在過山車上。2.ving形式的主動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，其被動(dòng)式表示它的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。e.g.Hearing(主動(dòng)式)mywords,henoddedhishead,looking(主動(dòng)式)rebornwithbeingtrusted(被動(dòng)式).聽到我的話，他點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，看起來得到了信任，重獲新生。3.ving形式的否定式是在前面加not構(gòu)成。e.g.Itfeltamazingnothavingtohideawaybehindmyscarf.不用躲在我的圍巾后面的感覺很神奇。=2\*ROMANII.ving形式的句法功能和用法1.ving形式作主語(yǔ)。ving形式作主語(yǔ)多表示一般或抽象的重復(fù)多次的行為。有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)名詞放在句末，常見句型有：doing...wasteoftimedoing...，Itisnouse/useless/nogooddoing...。單個(gè)的ving形式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。e.g.ReadingEnglishbooksandvisitingEnglishlearningsitesprovetobethelesspopularways,accountingfor18%and12%respectively.閱讀英語(yǔ)書籍和訪問英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站被證明是不太受歡迎的方式，分別占18%和12%。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.善于傾聽也需要全神貫注于他人。Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.不受影響本身并不是一種比其他一切都值得重視的特征。2.ving形式作賓語(yǔ)。(1)作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。常接ving形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞可用下面的口訣幫助記憶：避免錯(cuò)過少延期(avoid，miss，postpone)，建議完成多練習(xí)(advise/suggest，finish，practise)，喜歡想象禁不住(enjoy，imagine，can’thelp)，承認(rèn)否定與嫉妒(admit，deny，envy)，逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒(escape，risk，excuse)，忍受保持不介意(stand，keep，mind)。e.g.Butthat’snotareasontoavoidteachingwhatisimportant.但這并不是避免教授重要內(nèi)容的理由。However,whenIhadtogobackbecauseIstupidlyforgotmybooks,Inoticedshehadjustfinishedpackingthemupbyherself.然而，當(dāng)我因?yàn)橛薮赖赝藥坏貌换厝r(shí)，我注意到她剛剛自己把書打包好。Themoraloftheoriginalstoryisthatawickedpersoncannotescapebeingpunished.原著故事的寓意是，壞人無法逃脫懲罰。注意：下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別：forgettodosth忘記要去做某事 forgetdoingsth忘記已經(jīng)做過某事stoptodosth停下(原來的事)去做另一件事 stopdoingsth停止做某事remembertodosth記住去做某事 rememberdoingsth記得曾經(jīng)做過某事regrettodosth遺憾去做某事 regretdoingsth后悔做過某事trytodosth努力/試圖做某事 trydoingsth嘗試著做某事meantodosth意欲/想/企圖做某事 meandoingsth意味著做某事goontodosth(做完某事)接著做另一件事goontodoingsth(＝goonwithsth)繼續(xù)做同一件事can’thelptodosth不能幫忙做某事 can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁地做某事remember/forget/regret后跟doing和havingdone所表示的意思并無差別；regret后跟不定式時(shí)，往往表示對(duì)將要說的話(或做的事)表示遺憾，故其后常接tosay/tell/inform等。e.g.Don’tforgettoposttheletteronyourwaytoschool.別忘了在上學(xué)的路上順便把這封信寄出去。Ishallneverforgethearinghersingingthesong.我永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)忘記聽她唱這首歌時(shí)的情景。(2)作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)。常接ving形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：devoteto，feellike，lookforwardto，insiston，thinkof，dreamof，objectto，beengagedin，dependon，aimat，setabout，be/getusedto，befondof，beafraidof，betiredof，succeedin，beinterestedin等。e.g.Theonlywonderisthatsomanystatesinsistonclosingtheirearstothemessage.唯一令人驚訝的是，如此多的州堅(jiān)持對(duì)這一信息置若罔聞。Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.他記錄了自己的旅程，并開始將大自然作為一個(gè)品牌推廣給年輕人。(3)作介詞(but，except除外)的賓語(yǔ)e.g.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatallstudentswillbenefitmuchfromourfavoriteforeignteacher.不用說，所有的學(xué)生都會(huì)從我們最喜歡的外教那里受益匪淺。Today’schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.今天的孩子平均每天花四個(gè)半小時(shí)看屏幕，分為看電視和使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。Allwhoparticipatedhavegainedapositiveoutefromgettinginvolved.所有參與的人都從參與中獲得了積極的結(jié)果。(4)ving動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞的所有格/形容詞性物主代詞＋doing可作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，名詞/人稱代詞賓格＋doing可用作賓語(yǔ)。e.g.Ireallyappreciateyour/youingovertohelpmewithmymath.(作賓語(yǔ))我真的很感謝你過來幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。Tom’s/Hisinghomelateworrieshismother.(作主語(yǔ))湯姆/他回家晚使他媽媽擔(dān)心。3.ving形式作表語(yǔ)。(1)ving形式作表語(yǔ)，表示抽象概念的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作未必正在進(jìn)行。e.g.Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。(2)ving形式作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征，意為“令人……的”。e.g.Theargumentisveryconvincing.這個(gè)論點(diǎn)很令人信服。Yourspeechisveryinterestingandencouraging.你的演講很有趣而且很鼓舞人。4.ving形式作定語(yǔ)。(1)ving形式作前置定語(yǔ)，表示用途或性質(zhì)。單個(gè)的ving形式作前置定語(yǔ)往往有形容詞的性質(zhì)。e.g.Thereisababysleepinginthesleepingcar.有一個(gè)嬰兒睡在臥鋪車廂里。IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.我看著大衛(wèi)和其他賽跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員一起向起跑線前進(jìn)。(2)ving形式短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，往往表示正在發(fā)生或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。e.g.Thereisasmallriverflowingthroughthefarm.有一條小河流過農(nóng)場(chǎng)。(3)ving形式和動(dòng)詞ed形式和不定式作定語(yǔ)之間的區(qū)別：e.g.Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewschool.在建的大樓是我們的新學(xué)校。(表被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行)Thebuildingbuiltthreeyearsagoisinruins.三年前建的那座大樓已成廢墟。(表被動(dòng)、完成)Thebuildingtobebuiltnextyearwillbeverybeautiful.明年要建的那座大樓將會(huì)非常漂亮。(表被動(dòng)、將來)5.ving形式作狀語(yǔ)。此時(shí)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)一致，且分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，ving形式可以表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨情況等，并可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句。e.g.Seeinghisfiguredisappearingintothickevergreenforest,Ifeltrelieved.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))看到他的身影消失在茂密的常綠森林中，我感到如釋重負(fù)。Learningthatyou’releavingfortheUnitedStatessoon,I’meagerlywritingtoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelp.(原因狀語(yǔ))得知你即將前往美國(guó)，我急切地寫信，對(duì)你的幫助向你表示衷心的感謝。Notknowinghowtoworkoutthedifficultphysicsproblem,heaskedtheteacherforhelp.(原因狀語(yǔ))因?yàn)椴恢廊绾谓膺@道物理難題，他求助于老師。Workinghard,you’llsucceed.(條件狀語(yǔ))如果你努力工作，你會(huì)成功的。Helookedatmewithfirmeyes,showinghisusualbigsmile.(伴隨狀語(yǔ))他用堅(jiān)定的目光看著我，露出他一貫的笑容。注意：有些慣用的ving形式在句中可以沒有邏輯上的主語(yǔ)而獨(dú)立存在，作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)，表明說話者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等。常見的有：generallyspeaking一般來說，strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格來說，frankly/honestlyspeaking坦白地/老實(shí)地說，judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)……判斷，considering...考慮到……，seeing...因?yàn)?，由于……。e.g.WhileinChina,generallyspeaking,itisimpolitetodoso.Butspeakingupinclassisencouragedhere.而在中國(guó)，一般來說，這樣做是不禮貌的。但這里鼓勵(lì)在課堂上大聲說話。Honestlyspeaking,it’ssoniceofyoutooffermeaclassofpracticallearningskills.說實(shí)話，你能給我上一堂實(shí)用的學(xué)習(xí)技能課真是太好了。6.ving形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。(1)此時(shí)賓語(yǔ)往往是其邏輯主語(yǔ)，該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作。e.g.Atthatmoment,Isawabravebutterflyflyinginthesky.那一刻，我看見一只勇敢的蝴蝶在天空中飛翔。(2)當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，原來作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的ving形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.如果一名廚師被發(fā)現(xiàn)在廚房吸煙，他會(huì)被立即開除。(3)能用ving形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))及介詞with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)有兩類，常接ving賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，表示和賓語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，常見的感官動(dòng)詞有see，hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，lookat，listento等；常見的使役動(dòng)詞有have，make，get，set，keep，leave等。ving在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中表示和賓語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如果表示動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞。e.g.Ifeltsomebodystandingbehindme.我感覺有人站在我后面。Listeningtomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearitbeingperformedliveisquiteanother.在家里聽音樂是一回事，去現(xiàn)場(chǎng)聽人演奏音樂完全又是另一回事。Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。注意：see，hear，feel，watch等感官動(dòng)詞之后用ving形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：前者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，后者強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程(動(dòng)詞不定式在主動(dòng)句中可省略to，在被動(dòng)句中需保留to)。e.g.NotuntilthendidIhearmystomachrumbling.(ving形式作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)直到那時(shí)我才聽到肚子咕咕叫。At15:40onDecember9,wewereorganizedtowatchthreeChineseastronautsdeliverasciencelessonfromTiangongspacestation.(動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，表示動(dòng)作全過程)→At15:40onDecember9，threeChineseastronautswerewatchedtodeliverasciencelessonfromTiangongspacestation.(watch用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))12月9日15時(shí)40分，我們觀看了三名中國(guó)宇航員在天宮空間站上講授科學(xué)課。Hearingmywords，Davidturnedtometremblinglywithtearsspillingoutofhiseyes.聽到我的話，大衛(wèi)顫抖地轉(zhuǎn)向我，淚水從他的眼中溢出。III解題技巧與原則歸納1.三步解題法(ving)：先判斷ving形式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是否與句子主語(yǔ)一致；再判斷ving形式與句子主語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)關(guān)系；最后判斷ving形式的動(dòng)作與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序。2.解題原則(ving)：原則1兩個(gè)句子必須要用連詞連接，如果沒有連詞連接，則需要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。原則2介詞后跟ving形式，可以在ving形式前加邏輯主語(yǔ)。原則3ving形式可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。原則4ving形式作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和句子主語(yǔ)保持一致，和句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時(shí)用ving形式。Step4UsingthestructuresActivity4Usingthestructures(exercisesinthetextbook)1.Replaceeachunderlinedpartwithasuitableingformandrewritethesentenceasnecessary.Answers:1)Whengettingoutofthebathtub,heslippedandfellonthefloor.2)Isthereanyreasonfornothavingthefirstaidtrainingthisweek?3)Havingbeentoldabouttheriskofelectricshocks,shewasverycarefulwhileusinghairdryers.4)Notbeingwatchedcarefullybyhisparents,thechildtouchedahotironandburnthisfinger.5)Afterbeing/havingbeenbittenbymosquitoes,sheappliedsomemedicinetoherskin.2.pletethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthegivenwords.Checktheanswersandgiveexplanations,readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Answers:living,Trying,breathing,lying,wasalreadysetup,Nothearing,arriving,Havingbeentaken,frighteningYouhavejustreadMrsTaylor’sexperience.WhathappenedtoMrsTayor?Doyouthinksheislucky?Whyorwhynot?Doyouknowanyoldpersonlivingalone?Whatishis/herlifelike?Shehadastrokewhenshewasaloneathome.Shecalledforanambulanceandwassavedintime.3.Learnaboutthenewwords.1)wrapvt.包，裹；用……繞住n.披肩，圍巾；包裹物wrapsth.(up)(insth.)用……包裹e.g.Iwrappedthebaby(up)inablanket.我用毯子把嬰兒裹了起來。Iwrappedablanketaroundthebaby.我用毯子把嬰兒裹了起來。HespenttheeveningwrappinguptheChristmaspresents.他花了一個(gè)晚上的時(shí)間把圣誕禮物都包了起來。Westockawiderangeofcardsandgiftwrap.我們備有各種各樣的賀卡和禮品包裝材料。2)slipvi.滑倒；脫落；溜走；退步；陷入n.差錯(cuò)；便條e.g.Sheslippedoverontheiceandbrokeherleg.她在冰上滑倒把腿摔斷了。AsIranupthestairs,myfootslippedandIfell.我跑上樓梯時(shí)失腳摔倒了。Thefishslippedoutofmyhand.魚從我手里溜掉了。Sheslippedoutofthehousebeforetheotherswereawake.她趁別人還沒醒，溜出了房子。3)elderlyadj.年紀(jì)較大的；老人；老式的anelderlycouple一對(duì)老年夫婦elderlyrelatives年老的親戚theelderly(noun[復(fù)數(shù)]peoplewhoareold)老人；上了年紀(jì)的人4)operatorn.經(jīng)營(yíng)者；操作員；技工；電話接線員5)delayvi.vt.推遲；延期(做某事)vt.耽誤；耽擱n.延誤；耽擱(的時(shí)間)；推遲delay(=putoff)doingsth.推遲/延期做某事withoutdelay毫不耽擱；立刻e.g.Weapologizedforthedelayinansweringyourletter.來信收悉，遲復(fù)為歉。Pleasesendhimtheinformationwithoutdelay.請(qǐng)立刻把信息傳遞給他。Mydelayingoingabroadisduetomyillness.我推遲出國(guó)是因?yàn)槲疑×?。Butit’sabadhabittodelaydoingthings.Don’tputofftilltomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.但是做事拖拖拉拉不是好習(xí)慣。不要把今天能做的事情留到明天做。4.Discussthefollowingquestionsandtrytoanswerthequestionsusingvingform.1)Whatshouldpeopledowhenfacingafrighteni