四川省閬中東風(fēng)中學(xué)校學(xué)年度上期高中三年級(jí)十月月考英語試題考試時(shí)間：分鐘試卷滿分：分命題教師：審題教師：注意事項(xiàng)：答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，只將答題卡交回。第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Athome.B.InanC.Atarestaurant.2.WhydidthemangotoManchester?A.haveavacation.B.takeabusinesstrip.C.lookafterhismother.3.Howdidthemantraveltoworkthismorning?A.Bycar.B.Bysubway.C.Bybus.4.Whoareallowedtotakepartinthepetition?A.Secondaryschoolstudents.B.Collegestudents.C.Thenation’syouth.5.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?A.Goshopping.B.Playbasketball.C.Seeamatch.第二節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的、、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，第1頁/共24頁各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第、7題。6.Whatwillbethemainactivityofthetrip?A.Pickingstrawberries.B.Doingsomeresearch.C.onafarm.7.Howmanystudentsarethereinthewoman’sclass?A.18.B.20.C.22.聽第7段材料，回答第8至題。8.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Ajournalist.B.Aprogrammer.C.Ateacher.9.Whatclassdidthewomanhaveyesterday?A.Awritingclass.B.Aphotographyclass.C.Aputerclass.10.Whydoesthewomantakethephotographycourse?A.recordhertravels.B.helpwithherwork.C.learntousehercamera.聽第8段材料，回答第至題。WhatdoesthemanthinkhaschangedmostinBudapest?A.Thepricesofgoods.B.Thedesignofbuildings.C.Thenumberofforeigners.12.Whatmadethemanfeelsurprised?A.Payingforthetaxi.B.Experiencingthelightrail.C.Rentingthevehicle.13.WhatbringsBudapestadifferentatmosphere?A.Localfoods.B.Stylishshops.C.Moderncars.聽第9段材料，回答第至題。14.WhatrefreshedLiam’spassionforTheMagicFlute?A.Hisaudience’strust.B.Hisdaughter’sexpression.C.Hismanager’sencouragement.15.HowdoesLiamsoundwhentalkingabouttakingonbiggerroles?A.Excited.B.Modest.C.Anxious.16.WhathasJanebeendoingalltheseyears?A.Studyingatcollege.B.Playinginaband.C.voiceandguitar.聽第段材料，回答第至題。17.Wheredoesthespeakerwork?A.InCapitolReefNationalPark.B.InNationalPark.C.InRockyMountainNationalPark.第2頁/共24頁18.Whatdidthespeakerstudyatuniversity?A.Forestry.B.Environmentalstudies.C.Naturalsciences.19.Whatisarequirementforthespeaker’sjob?A.Maintainingphysicalfitness.B.Gettingpreparedfortheunexpected.C.Beingabletoidentifydifferentwildlife.20.Whatisthespeakerworkingonnow?A.Repairingthepaths.B.Plantingtrees.C.Puttingupsigns.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）ACan’tfindtheperfectbiketosuitallyourneeds?JoinusforourBikeandcustomizeoneforyourself!Ourmittedtrainerswilltakeyouthroughstepbystepinstructionsinthis5dayworkshoptoguideyouinbuildingyourownbike.Thisworkshopwillnotonlyprovideasatisfyinghandsonexperiencebutwillalsoexpandyourknowledgeofbikeparts,howtheyworkandhowtomaintainthem.Gearupforanenrichingtime!:26May2025:9am12pmdailyCourse:$500perparticipant●Allbikeparts●Instructionsheets●feesLimitedto6participantstoensureyougettheattentionyouneed.Signupnowaturbanbikeshop.fortheultimatebuildyourownbikeexperience!第3頁/共24頁1*Membershipentitlesyoutoanadditionalcashdiscountof$30.is..arethegotoplatformforcycliststoshopforbikepartsandbuildtheirownbikes.Additionally,ourplatformlinksyoutothevariousbikeretailers(零售商)soyoucanshopforbikesandponentsmoreeasily.promotethejoyofcyclingandserveasaplatformwherecyclistscansetfitnessgoals,achievethem,andberewardedfortheirwehopetoconnectcyclistsandinspirethemtosharetheirexperienceswithouryearlongevents.1.Whatcanparticipantsdointheworkshop?A.Maintainfitnessthroughcycling.B.Gaintheknowhowtobuildbikes.C.Mastertheskillsofbeingatrainer.D.Producebikeponentsbyhand.2.HowmuchshouldanUrbanBikeShopmemberpayforregistrationinMarch?A.$420.B.$450.C.$470.D.$500.3.WhatisUrbanBikeShop’slongtermgoal?A.makehighendbikesmoreaccessible.B.attractasmanybikeretailersaspossible.C.createaninteractionnetworkforcyclists.D.providefreebikemaintenance(維修)services.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了UrbanBikeShop舉辦的為期5天的自制自行車工坊活動(dòng)。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Ourmittedtrainerswilltakeyouthroughstepbystepinstructionsinthis5dayworkshoptoguideyouinbuildingyourownbike.Thisworkshopwillnotonlyprovideasatisfyinghandsonexperiencebutwillalsoexpandyourknowledgeofbikeparts,howtheyworkandhowtomaintainthem.(我們敬業(yè)的教練將在這個(gè)為期5天的工坊里為您提供逐步指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)您打造自己的自行車。這個(gè)工坊不僅會(huì)提供令人滿意的實(shí)踐體驗(yàn)，還會(huì)拓展您對(duì)自行車部件、它們的工作原理以及如何保養(yǎng)它們的知識(shí))”可知，參與者在工坊中可以獲得制造自行車的專門知識(shí)。故選B項(xiàng)。第4頁/共24頁【2題詳解】$500perparticipant(500美元)”以及第二張圖表中“1(4月1日前報(bào)名可享9折優(yōu)惠)”和“*Membershipentitlesyoutoanadditionalcashdiscountof$30(*會(huì)員資格使您享有30美元的額外現(xiàn)金折扣)”可知，課程費(fèi)用每人500美元，4月1日前報(bào)名有10%的早鳥折扣，會(huì)員還有額外30美元的現(xiàn)金折扣。3月報(bào)名屬于早鳥優(yōu)惠，先打九折，500×(110%)=450美元，會(huì)員再減去30美元，45030=420美元。所以UrbanBikeShop的會(huì)員3月報(bào)名需支付420美元。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“promotethejoyofcyclingandserveasaplatformwherecyclistscansetfitnessgoals,achievethem,andberewardedfortheirwehopetoconnectcyclistsandinspirethemtosharetheirexperienceswithouryearlongevents.(目標(biāo)并因努力而獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的平臺(tái)，我們希望通過全年的活動(dòng)將騎行者聯(lián)系起來，并激勵(lì)他們分享自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn))”可知，UrbanBikeShop的長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)是為騎行者創(chuàng)建一個(gè)互動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。故選C項(xiàng)。BInthemid20thcentury,mapsoftheworldshowedcontinentssurroundedbyvast,featurelessoceans.Beneaththewaves,theoceanfloorwaslargelyunknown.ThatallchangedthankstotheworkofMarieTharp,apioneeringcartographerandgeologist.Inthe1940s,fewwomenwereacceptedinscience.Tharp,however,wasdeterminedtomakehermark.ShepartneredwithoceanographerBruceHeezen,whocollectedsonar(聲吶)datafromshipsthatcrossedtheAtlanticOcean.Thedatawasjustastringofnumbersandgraphs—withoutsomeonetotranslateitintoavisualformat,itwasdifficulttointerpret.ThatwaswhereTharpcamein.Shebeganplottingthousandsofdatapoints,apainstakingprocessthatrequiredamixofmathematicalskillandartisticintuition.Intheprocessofhermapping,TharpdiscoveredthecentralvalleyoftheMidAtlanticRidge,aplacewheretheoceanfloorwaspullingapart.Thiswasexactlythekindofevidencethatcouldsupportthecontroversial(爭(zhēng)議的)theoryofcontinentaldrift,whichwaslargelydismissedbythescientificmunityatthetime.Convincingthescientificmunitywouldprovedifficult,sincemanygeologistshadlongbelievedthattheoceanfloorwasflatandfeatureless.TharpandHeezenturnedtoarttocreatevisualrepresentationsoftheoceanfloor.ThisproducedstunningmapsthatbroughtTharp’sfindingstolifeinawaythatnoscientificpapercould.Thebeautyofthesemapscapturedtheimaginationsofscientistsandthepublicalike.Tharp’smaps,andtheevidencetheyprovided,becameacornerstoneofthemodernunderstandingofgeology.Herworkprovedthattheoceanfloor第5頁/共24頁wasnotstatic(靜態(tài)的)butadynamic,changinglandscape.Formanyyears,Tharp’scontributionswereovershadowedbyhermalecolleagues—itwasBruceHeezen’snamethatoftenappearedonscientificpapers.Tharpworkedbehindthescenes,receivinglittlerecognitionforhergroundbreakingwork.satelliteandsonartechnologyenableustomaptheoceanfloorwithincredibleprecision,butnoneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutTharp’spioneeringefforts.4.WhatunderlyingreasonmotivatedTharp’smitmenttoscience?A.ArequestfromHeezen.B.Aneedtostoresonardata.C.Abeliefincontinentaldrift.D.Adesiretoestablishherself.5.WhywasTharp’sdiscoveryofthecentralvalleysignificant?A.Itbackedathendismissedtheory.BItshowedsonardatawasunreliable.C.Itconfirmedtheoceanfloorwasflat.D.Itquestionedaoncepopulartechnology.6.HowdidTharpandHeezenmakeTharp’sfindingswidelyaccepted?A.Bygivingpubliclectures.B.Byvisualizingdatapoints.C.Byconsultinggeologyexperts.DBypublishingscientificpapers.7.HowwasTharp’sworktreatedbyhercontemporaries?A.Itwascreditedtoothers.B.Itwasviewedasaccidental.C.Itwasbrieflyacknowledged.D.Itwasignoredaslackingevidence.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.A【解析】20MarieTharp的中央山谷，支持大陸漂移說，其成果成了現(xiàn)代地質(zhì)學(xué)的基石，雖曾被忽視，卻具開創(chuàng)性?！?題詳解】第6頁/共24頁細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inthe1940s,fewwomenwereacceptedinscience.Tharp,however,wasdeterminedtomakehermark.(在20世紀(jì)40Tharp決心要留下自己的印記)”可知，想要確立自身地位的愿望促使Tharp投身于科學(xué)事業(yè)。故選D。【5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Intheprocessofhermapping,TharpdiscoveredthecentralvalleyoftheMidAtlanticRidge,aplacewheretheoceanfloorwaspullingapart.Thiswasexactlythekindofevidencethatcouldsupportthecontroversial(爭(zhēng)議的)theoryofcontinentaldrift,whichwaslargelydismissedbythescientificmunityatthetime.(正是能支持有爭(zhēng)議的大陸漂移理論的證據(jù)，該理論在當(dāng)時(shí)基本上被科學(xué)界所忽視)”可知，Tharp關(guān)于中央山谷的發(fā)現(xiàn)之所以重要是因?yàn)樗鼮橐粋€(gè)爭(zhēng)議的理論提供了證據(jù)。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“TharpandHeezenturnedtoarttocreatevisualrepresentationsoftheoceanfloor.ThisproducedstunningmapsthatbroughtTharp’sfindingstolifeinawaythatnoscientificpapercould.Thebeautyofthesemapscapturedtheimaginationsofscientistsandthepublicalike.Tharp’smaps,andtheevidencetheyprovided,becameacornerstoneofthemodernunderstandingofgeology.(Tharp和Heezen轉(zhuǎn)向藝術(shù)來創(chuàng)造海底的視覺表現(xiàn)。這產(chǎn)生了令人驚嘆的地圖，以一種任何科學(xué)論文都無法做到的方式，使薩普的發(fā)現(xiàn)栩栩如生。這些地圖的美麗俘獲了科學(xué)家和公眾的想象力。薩普的地圖和它們提供的證據(jù)，成為現(xiàn)代地質(zhì)學(xué)理解的基石)”可知，TharpandHeezen通過讓數(shù)據(jù)可視化，使得Tharp的發(fā)現(xiàn)被廣泛接受。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Formanyyears,Tharp’scontributionswereovershadowedbyhermalecolleagues—itwasBruceHeezen’snamethatoftenappearedonscientificpapers.Tharpworkedbehindthescenes,receivinglittlerecognitionforhergroundbreakingwork.(多年來，薩普的貢獻(xiàn)被她的男性同事所掩蓋——BruceHeezen的名字經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)論文上。薩普在幕后工作，她的開創(chuàng)性工作幾乎沒有得到認(rèn)可)”推知，同時(shí)代的人將Tharp的成就歸功于他人。故選A。Cwolvesarehelpinganewgenerationofyoungaspen(山楊)treestogrowtallandjointheforest—thefirstnewgenerationofsuchtreesinnorthernrangein80years.GraywolveshaddisappearedfromNationalParkby1930followingextensivehabitatloss,humanhuntingandgovernmentwolfkillingprograms.thesewolves,populationsofdeergrewquickly.Attheirpeakpopulation,anestimated18,000deerrangedacrossthepark,livingongrassesaswellastheleavesof第7頁/共24頁treeslikeaspen.Thispreventedyoungtreesfromestablishingthemselves,andsurveysinthe1990sfoundnoyoungaspentrees.Butwhenwolveswerereintroducedin1995,thepicturebegantochange.Aswolfnumbersrose,thedeerpopulationintheparkdroppedsharply,anditisnowdowntoabout2,000.Inthenewstudy,publishedinthejournalForestEcologyandManagement,LukePainterandhiscolleaguesfromOregonStateUniversitysurveyedaspenstands.seeingsignificantnewgrowthofyoungaspenandthisisthefirsttimethatwe’vefounditinourplotssincethe1940s,”Paintersaid.However,whileaspenarerecovering,theyaren’toutofthewoodsjustyet.Thedeerpopulationhasdeclined,butbison(野牛)numbershaveincreasedinrecentyears.Bisonarealotharderforwolvestotakedown,saidPainter,soincreasingnumbersofbisonmaybeemergingasanewrestrictiononaspeninsomeareas.Thereemergenceofaspenhaswidespreadeffects,Paintersaid.“Aspenareakeyspeciesforbiodiversity.Theaspentreesletmoresunlightthroughtheirleaves,whichcreatesahabitatthatsupportsalotofdiversityofplants.”“ThepapershowstheimportantecologicalbenefitsoccurringfromtherestorationofwolvestoNationalPark,”DominickSpracklen,aprofessorattheUniversityofLeeds,said.“Ecosystemsthatlacklargecarnivores(食肉動(dòng)物)areoftenincreasinglyoutofbalance.Whilereintroducingcarnivoresraisesimportantchallengesaroundhumanwildlifecoexistence,thisworkbringsthesignificantecologicalbenefitsinthelongrun.”8.WhatcanbeinferredaboutParkbefore1930accordingtothetext?A.Deerpopulationreacheditspeak.B.Humanactivitiesslightlywolves.C.Bisonwerethemainspeciesinthepark.D.Graywolvesexistedwithdeerthere.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4mean?A.Theaspentreesaretooyoungtomakeaforest.B.Theaspentreescannotgetridofsurvivalthreat.C.Othertreespeciesmayholdbackaspen’srecovery.D.isnotthebesthabitatforaspentrees.10.WhatisProfessorSpracklen’sattitudetowardcarnivorerestorationinecosystems?A.Favorable.B.Skeptical.C.Disapproving.D.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheHistoryofGraywolvesinB.TheReturnofGraywolvesRevivesAspen第8頁/共24頁C.TheChallengesofCoexistenceGrowD.TheRestorationofLargeCarnivoresinNationalParks【答案】8.D9.B10.AB【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了黃石公園中灰狼群的重新引入如何幫助山楊樹恢復(fù)生長(zhǎng)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了恢復(fù)大型食肉動(dòng)物對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡的重要生態(tài)效益?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“GraywolveshaddisappearedfromNationalParkby1930followingextensivehabitatloss,humanhuntingandgovernmentwolfkillingprograms.thesewolves,populationsofdeergrewquickly.(1930年從黃石國(guó)家公園消失。)1930D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“However,whileaspenarerecovering,theyaren’toutofthewoodsjustyet.Thedeerpopulationhasdeclined,butbison(野牛)numbershaveincreasedinrecentyears.Bisonarealotharderforwolvestotakedown,saidPainter,soincreasingnumbersofbisonmaybeemergingasanewrestrictiononaspeninsomeareas.(然而，盡管黃石公園的山楊正在恢復(fù)，但theyaren’toutofthewoodsjustyetPainter)theyaren’toutofthewoods”指山楊仍面臨野牛帶來的新威脅，即“無法擺脫生存威脅”。故選B項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““ThepapershowstheimportantecologicalbenefitsoccurringfromtherestorationofwolvestoNationalPark,”DominickSpracklen,aprofessorattheUniversityofLeeds,said.“Ecosystemsthatlacklargecarnivores(食肉動(dòng)物)areoftenincreasinglyoutofbalance.Whilereintroducingcarnivoresraisesimportantchallengesaroundhumanwildlifecoexistence,thisworkbringsthesignificantecologicalbenefitsinthelongrun.”(DominickSpracklen究論文表明，黃石國(guó)家公園重新引入狼群后，產(chǎn)生了重要的生態(tài)效益。缺乏大型食肉動(dòng)物的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，往往會(huì)越來越失衡。盡管重新引入食肉動(dòng)物會(huì)給人獸共存帶來重大挑戰(zhàn)，但從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看，這項(xiàng)舉措能帶來顯)A項(xiàng)。【題詳解】第9頁/共24頁wolvesarehelpinganewgenerationofyoungaspen(山楊)treestogrowtallandjointheforest——thefirstnewgenerationofsuchtreesinnorthernrangein80years.(黃石公園的狼群正助力新一代山楊幼苗長(zhǎng)得高大，并融入森林——這是80年來黃石公園北部區(qū)域首批這樣的新一代山楊樹。)”可知，文章開篇點(diǎn)明“黃石的狼幫助新一代山楊生長(zhǎng)”，接著介紹1930年狼消失后山楊因鹿過量而無法生長(zhǎng)，1995年狼回歸后鹿減少、山楊恢復(fù)，還提及山楊面臨的新威脅及狼回歸的生態(tài)意義，核心是“灰狼回歸促進(jìn)山楊復(fù)蘇”。故選B項(xiàng)。DFightingfiresusuallyuseswaterorfoam,butthesecanmakeamessandharmthesurroundings.addressthis,engineersatOhioStateUniversityhavenowmadehandheldtoolsthatputoutfirescleanlywith“ionic(離子的)wind”andvortex(渦流)rings.Ifyou’veeverblownoutabirthdaycandle,you’llknowthataquickburstofaircanbeenoughtoputoutaflame.Itworksbyseparatingtheheatfromthefuelsoitcan’tstartagain.Butblowingonacampfiredoesn’thelp—it’stoobig,andyoujustaddoxygen.Thenewdeviceislikeabiggerversionofthebirthdaycandletrick.First,itshootsavortexringofairthatcreateswildairflowtosplitheatandfuel.Atthesametime,thevortexcarriestinyconductiveparticles(導(dǎo)電顆粒)thationizetheairandmakeevenmorevortex.Inpractice,firefighterswouldaimthishandheldtoolatafireandshootthese“ionicwind”ringstoputitout.Thatwouldalsoreducetheexpenseandcleanup.“Usingionicwindandvortexringtechnology,wefoundamoreefficientwaytosolveanenvironmentalproblemthatwillimprovelives,”leadresearcherJohnLaroccosaid.Oneofthebiggestadvantagesofthisdeviceisthatitallowsfirefighterstoputoutflamesfromasaferdistance,reducingtheriskofinjury.Sincevortexringscancarrychemicalsoverlongdistances,firefighterswouldn’tneedtogetdangerouslyclosetofires.Muchmoreworkstillneedstobedone,however.Foronething,thedevicesweretestedongroupsofcandles,whicharen’tlikerealhouseorforestfires.themagainstmorerealisticfiresisapriorityforfutureexperiments.Still,theteamthinksthistechnologycouldreallyworkintherealworld.Theresearchersalsobelievethisdevicecouldbeimprovedwithsmartsensorsandimageanalysis,makingitmorepreciseindetectingdifferenttypesoffires.Beyondfirefighting,thistechnologycouldhavefutureapplicationsinaerospaceandindustrialsafety.12.WhydidengineersatOhioStateUniversityinventthenewhandheldtools?A.takefulladvantageofwaterandfoam.B.enhancefirefighters’professionalskills.C.abandontraditionalfirefightingmethods.D.reducetherescuedamagetotheenvironment.13.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningthebirthdaycandleinparagraph2?第10頁/共24頁A.Theprincipleofputtingoutaflamebyair.B.Theefficientwaytoblowoutabirthdaycandle.C.Thedifferencebetweenasmallflameandacampfire.D.Thereasonwhyblowingonacampfiredoesn’twork.14.Whycanthenewdevicelowertheriskofinjuries?A.Itcreatesstrongerwindthanothertools.B.Itabsorbsharmfulsubstancesinthesmoke.C.Itenablesuserstostayfartherfromthefire.D.Itallowsfirementoavoidusingchemicals.15.Whatistheresearchers’expectationforthenewdevice?A.Itwillpreventalltypesoffire.B.Itwillreformtheaerospaceindustry.C.Itwillbemoreintelligentandaccurate.D.Itwillbewidelyusedbyordinarypeople.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員發(fā)明了一種新型滅火工具?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Fightingfiresusuallyuseswaterorfoam,butthesecanmakeamessandharmthesurroundings.addressthis,engineersatOhioStateUniversityhavenowmadehandheldtoolsthatputoutfirescleanlywith“ionic(離子的)wind”andvortex(渦流)rings.(混亂并對(duì)周圍環(huán)境造成損害。為了解決這個(gè)問題，俄亥俄州立大學(xué)的工程師們現(xiàn)在研制出了手持式工具，它們利用“離子風(fēng)”和渦旋環(huán)來干凈地?fù)錅缁馂?zāi)。)”可知，文章第一段提到傳統(tǒng)滅火方式會(huì)造成混亂并破壞周圍環(huán)境，為解決這一問題，工程師們制造出一種新型手持工具。故選D。【13題詳解】Ifyou’veeverblownoutabirthdaycandle,you’llknowthataquickburstofaircanbeenoughtoputoutaflame.Itworksbyseparatingtheheatfromthefuelsoitcan’tstartagain.Butblowingonacampfiredoesn’thelp—it’stoobig,andyoujustaddoxygen.(如果你曾經(jīng)吹滅過生日蠟燭，你就會(huì)知道，一股快速吹出的氣流就足以撲滅火焰。其原理是將熱量與燃料分離開來，這樣火焰就無法再次燃燒了。但對(duì)著篝火吹氣卻沒什么效果——篝火太大了，你這樣做只會(huì)增加氧氣的供應(yīng)。)”可知，作者提及生日蠟燭意在說明通過空氣撲滅火焰的原理。故選A。14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneofthebiggestadvantagesofthisdeviceisthatitallowsfirefighterstoputoutflamesfromasaferdistance,reducingtheriskofinjury.Sincevortexringscancarrychemicalsoverlongdistances,第11頁/共24頁firefighterswouldn’tneedtogetdangerouslyclosetofires.(該設(shè)備的最大優(yōu)勢(shì)之一在于，它能讓消防員在更安全的距離撲滅火焰，從而降低受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由于渦旋環(huán)能夠?qū)⒒瘜W(xué)物質(zhì)遠(yuǎn)距離輸送，消防員就不必冒險(xiǎn)靠近火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)了。)”可知，這種裝置最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是它可以讓消防員從更安全的距離撲滅火焰，減少受傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由于渦流環(huán)可以將化學(xué)物質(zhì)攜帶到很遠(yuǎn)的地方，消防員不需要危險(xiǎn)地靠近火場(chǎng)。故選C?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Still,theteamthinksthistechnologycouldreallyworkintherealworld.Theresearchersalsobelievethisdevicecouldbeimprovedwithsmartsensorsandimageanalysis,makingitmorepreciseindetectingdifferenttypesoffires.Beyondfirefighting,thistechnologycouldhavefutureapplicationsinaerospaceandindustrialsafety.(不過，該團(tuán)隊(duì)認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中確實(shí)可行。研究人員還相信，通過配備智能傳感器和圖像分析技術(shù)，該設(shè)備能夠更精確地檢測(cè)不同類型的火災(zāi)。除了用于滅火之外，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)在航空航天和工業(yè)安全領(lǐng)域也可能有未來的應(yīng)用前景。)”可知，研究人員希望這個(gè)新設(shè)備更智能，更精準(zhǔn)。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）Hiking,aformofexerciseolderthanexerciseitself,issohotright___16___Hikingallowsthemtoconnectwithnature.Hikingallthecardiovascular(心血管的)benefitsofwalking,buttheroughroaddoesmoretostrengthenthelegandcoremuscles,whichinturnboostsbalanceandstability.___17___Ifyouwanttobuildupperbodystrength,youcanwearaweightedbackpackandusetrekkingpoles.___18___Onesmall2015studyfoundthatpeoplewhowalkedinnaturefor90minuteswerelesslikelytobeatariskfactorfordepression—thanthosewhowalkedinanurbanenvironment.Evenshorthikescanreducetensionandimprovemood.Choosingtherighttrailcanmakeyourexperiencemoreenjoyable.Sometrailsareeasyandsuitableforbeginners,whileothersaremorechallenging.___19___Manyexperiencedhikerssuggeststartingwithwellmarkedpathsbeforeattemptingmoredifficultroutes.Whiletherewardsaregreat,hikingdoescarrysomerisks.afewsimplesafetyprecautionscanhelptoensureyougetbacksafeandsound.Hikingalonecanbepeaceful,butitisoftensafertogowithagrouporafriend.Leaveanoteonyourcardashboardwithyourroutesoifyou’renotbackbysunset,rangerswillknowwheretofindyou.avoidinjury,don’tpushyourselftoohardorfastthroughmorechallengingtrails.___20___A.Spendingtimeinnatureislinkedtolowerstress.第12頁/共24頁B.Italsogenerallyburnsmorecaloriesthanwalking.C.properhikingshoescanimprovefort.D.Agrowingnumberofpeopleprefertohitthetrails.E.Remember:thepointistoseetheviewsandsmelltheflowers.F.Checkingthetrail’sdifficultyinadvanceisvitaltoensureasuitabletrip.G.Unlikerun,hikingletspeopleslowdownandadmiretheirsurroundings.【答案】16.D17.B18.A19.F20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了徒步旅行的益處、選擇徒步路線的建議以及徒步旅行時(shí)需要注意的安全事項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Hiking,aformofexerciseolderthanexerciseitself,issohotright徒步旅行是一種比運(yùn)動(dòng)本身更古老的運(yùn)動(dòng)形式，現(xiàn)在非常流行。)”和下文“Hikingallowsthemtoconnectwithnature.(徒步旅行讓他們與大自然建立聯(lián)系。)”可知，空處應(yīng)該是在描述徒步旅行很受歡迎，所以越來越多的人喜歡徒步旅行，選項(xiàng)D“越來越多的人喜歡徒步旅行”符合語境。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Hikingallthecardiovascularbenefitsofwalking,buttheroughroaddoesmoretostrengthenthelegandcoremuscles,whichinturnboostsbalanceandstability.(徒步旅行提供了步行對(duì)心血管的所有益處，但崎嶇的道路更能增強(qiáng)腿部和核心肌肉，這反過來又增強(qiáng)了平衡和穩(wěn)定性。)”和下文“Ifyouwanttobuildupperbodystrength,youcanwearaweightedbackpackandusetrekkingpoles.(如果你想增強(qiáng)上半身的力量，你可以背一個(gè)加重的背包，使用登山杖。)”可知，空處應(yīng)該是在描述徒步旅行相對(duì)于步行的其他好處，選項(xiàng)B“它通常也比步行燃燒更多的卡路里”符合語境，選項(xiàng)B中的“It”指代上文的“Hiking”。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Onesmall2015studyfoundthatpeoplewhowalkedinnaturefor90minuteswerelesslikelytobeatariskfactorfordepressionthanthosewhowalkedinanurbanenvironment.(2015年的一項(xiàng)小型研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在大自然中散步90)AA?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sometrailsareeasyandsuitableforbeginners,whileothersaremorechallenging.(有些小徑很容易，適合初學(xué)者，而另一些則更具挑戰(zhàn)性。)”和下文“Manyexperiencedhikerssuggeststartingwithwellmarked第13頁/共24頁pathsbeforeattemptingmoredifficultroutes.(許多有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的徒步旅行者建議，在嘗試更具挑戰(zhàn)性的路線之前，先從標(biāo)記清晰的路線開始。)”可知，空處應(yīng)該是在描述選擇適合自己徒步路線的重要性，選項(xiàng)F“提前檢F中的“Checkingthetrail’sdifficulty”可承接上文，且“ensureasuitabletrip”可引出下文。故選F?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“avoidinjury,don’tpushyourselftoohardorfastthroughmorechallengingtrail.(要在更具挑戰(zhàn)性的小徑上過于努力或快速地前進(jìn)。)”可知，空處應(yīng)該是在描述徒步旅行時(shí)應(yīng)該享受風(fēng)景，不要過于追求速度或難度，選項(xiàng)E“記住：重點(diǎn)是要看風(fēng)景，聞花香”符合語境，且承接了上文。故選E。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題1分，滿分分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的、、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Duringsummervacations,Iwouldvolunteerattheshelterforanimals,soI’dseenalotofdogs.MinniewasbyfarthefunniestlookingdogI’deverseen.___21___curlyhairbarelycoveredhersausageshapedbody.Andhertaillookedlikearat’stailwithwounds.Shewasbroughttothesheltertobe___22___becauseherownerdidn’twantheranymore.However,IthoughtMinniehada(an)___23___personality.Nooneshouldjudgeherbyher___24___.Thevetintheshelterdidthe___25___andthengavehersomenecessarymedicine.Finally,shemadeafullrecoveryandI___26___Minnieinthelocalpaper:“Funnylookingdog,wellbehaved,needslovingfamily.”Whenakidcalled,I___27___himthatMinniewasstrangelooking.Thekidtoldmethathisgrandfatherwantedsuchonedog___28___.TheywantedMinnienomatterwhat.Ibathedherand___29___herremainingmessyhair.Thenwewaitedforthemtoarrive.Atlast,acarstoppedbeforetheshelter.kidsrantothedoor,carriedMinnieand_____30_____herouttotheirgrandfather,waitinginthecar.Ihurriedbehindtoseetheir_____31_____toMinnie.Insidethecar,grandfatherheldMinniegentlyandbrushedfingersthroughhersofthair.Shelicked(舔)hisfaceandhertailwaggedaround.Itwas_____32_____atfirstlick.“She’sperfect!”theoldman_____33_____.IwasthankfulthatMinniehadfoundthegoodhomethatshe_____34_____.That’swhenIsawthatthegrandfather’seyeswereamilkywhite_____35_____—hewasblind.21.A.ThinB.CleanC.ThickD.Dirty22.A.puttotestB.putundertrainingC.attendedtoD.dressedup第14頁/共24頁23.A.aggressiveB.moodyC.patientD.unique24.A.tailB.looksC.furD.eyes25.A.experimentB.trialC.cleaningD.surgery26.A.advertisedB.listedC.announcedD.printed27.A.showedB.advisedC.warnedD.convinced28.A.simplyB.terriblyC.badlyD.hesitantly29.A.tidiedB.pulledC.shavedD.examined30.A.showedB.ledC.sentD.rushed31.A.contributionB.reactionC.attachmentD.solution32.A.hopeB.loveC.kindnessD.courage33.A.sighedB.murmuredC.exclaimedD.explained34.A.achievedB.attemptedC.earnedD.deserved35.A.colorB.freshnessC.clarityD.flash【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.D26.A27.C28.C29.A30.D31.B32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了一只外形滑稽的狗狗Minnie被主人遺棄至動(dòng)物收容所，最終被一位失明老人及其家人領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的暖心故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她稀疏的卷毛幾乎蓋不住香腸狀的身體，尾巴像老鼠尾巴一樣布滿傷痕。A.ThinB.CleanC.ThickD.Dirtycurlyhairbarelycoveredhersausageshapedbody”可知，Minnie的毛發(fā)稀疏。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：她被送到收容所接受照料，因?yàn)橹魅瞬辉傧胍恕.puttotest接受考驗(yàn)；B.putundertraining接受訓(xùn)練；C.attendedto照顧；D.dressedupbecauseherownerdidn’twantheranymore”可知，主人將Minnie送到收容所是為了讓其得到照料。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】Minnie有獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。A.aggressiveB.moody喜怒無常的；C.patient耐心的；D.unique獨(dú)特的。根據(jù)上文“MinniewasbyfarthefunniestlookingdogI’deverseen.”可知，Minnie是作者見過的最滑稽的狗，however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，體現(xiàn)作者對(duì)Minnie的正面評(píng)價(jià)，第15頁/共24頁與上文“funniestlooking”形成對(duì)比，因此作者認(rèn)為Minnie有獨(dú)特的個(gè)性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：沒有人應(yīng)該以貌取人。A.tail尾巴；B.looks外表；C.fur皮毛；D.eyes眼睛。根據(jù)上文“MinniewasbyfarthefunniestlookingdogI’deverseen.”可知，Minnie是作者見過的最滑稽的狗，由此可推斷出，這里作者想表達(dá)的是不應(yīng)該以貌取狗。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：收容所的獸醫(yī)為她做了手術(shù)，并給了一些必要的藥物。A.experiment實(shí)驗(yàn)；B.trial試驗(yàn)；C.cleaning打掃；D.surgerygavehersomenecessarymedicine”及“madeafullrecovery”可知，獸醫(yī)對(duì)Minnie進(jìn)行了手術(shù)治療。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】Minnie巧A.advertisedB.listedC.announcedD.printed據(jù)“inthelocalpaper”及引號(hào)內(nèi)的文字可知，作者在報(bào)紙上為Minnie刊登領(lǐng)養(yǎng)啟事。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】Minnie長(zhǎng)相奇特。A.showed展示；B.advised建議；C.warned警告；D.convincedMinniewasbyfarthefunniestlookingdogI’deverseen.Minnie是作者見過的最滑稽的狗，由此可推斷出，作者應(yīng)該是在電話里警告孩子Minnie長(zhǎng)得很奇怪。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：那孩子告訴我，他的祖父非常想要這樣一只狗，無論如何他們都要收養(yǎng)Minnie。A.simply僅僅；B.terriblyC.badlyD.hesitantlyTheywantedMinnienomatterwhat.Minniewant...badlybadlywantneed或requireBC項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我給它洗了澡，并整理了它剩下的凌亂的毛發(fā)。A.tidied整理；B.pulled拉；C.shavedD.examinedbathedher”及“remainingmessyhairMinnie洗澡并整理