3/3專題02定語(yǔ)從句（期末復(fù)習(xí)講義）年份卷別考點(diǎn)考情分析2025新高考I卷關(guān)系副詞where【考向透視】定語(yǔ)從句是近3年高考英語(yǔ)的高頻考點(diǎn)，幾乎每年都會(huì)覆蓋多個(gè)主流卷別；考查場(chǎng)景集中在閱讀理解（幫助理清長(zhǎng)句的修飾關(guān)系）、語(yǔ)法填空（填寫(xiě)關(guān)系代詞/副詞）、完形填空（理解從句對(duì)名詞的限定作用）等題型中?！緩?fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】復(fù)習(xí)需掌握which/that/who的區(qū)分、where/when等關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用）。新高考II卷that引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句浙江卷whose作定語(yǔ)2024新高考II卷關(guān)系代詞who浙江卷關(guān)系副詞when全國(guó)甲卷that引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句2023全國(guó)乙卷關(guān)系代詞whom高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句重點(diǎn)講解高中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句重點(diǎn)講解知識(shí)點(diǎn)01定語(yǔ)從句的定義與基本結(jié)構(gòu)定義：修飾名詞或代詞（即先行詞）的從句，相當(dāng)于形容詞的功能，分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句（無(wú)逗號(hào)，不可省略）和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句（有逗號(hào)，可省略）。例句：Thegirlwhoisstandingatthedoorismyclassmate.站在門(mén)口的那個(gè)女孩是我的同學(xué)例句：ThisisthebookthatIborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.這是我昨天從圖書(shū)館借的那本書(shū)。——先行詞thebook，關(guān)系詞that，從句Iborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday關(guān)系詞的作用：①指代先行詞；②引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；③在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。例句：Helivesinacitywhichisfamousforitsscenery.他住在一個(gè)以風(fēng)景聞名的城市里。——which指代acity，引導(dǎo)從句，作主語(yǔ)【即時(shí)檢測(cè)】1.Thegirl____________________isstandingatthedoorismyclassmate.2.Thisisthebook____________________Iborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.3.Helivesinacity____________________isfamousforitsscenery.4.Mymother,____________________lovescooking,oftenpreparesdeliciousmealsforus.5.Thetime____________________wespenttogetherisunforgettable.6.Shetoldmeastory____________________mademelaugh.【答案】1.who/that2.that/which3.that/which4.who5.that/which6.that/which知識(shí)點(diǎn)02關(guān)系代詞的用法that：可指代人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；不可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。例句：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的一部電影。——that指代film，作賓語(yǔ)Theboythatwonthecompetitionismybrother.贏得比賽的那個(gè)男孩是我的哥哥?！猼hat指代boy，作主語(yǔ)which：僅指代物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；可用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。例句：Thewatchwhichmyfatherboughtmeisveryexpensive.我爸爸給我買的那塊手表很貴?！獁hich指代watch，作賓語(yǔ)who/whom：who指代人，作主語(yǔ)；whom指代人，作賓語(yǔ)（可省略，非限制性從句中建議保留）。例句：Theboywhowonthecompetitionismybrother.贏得比賽的那個(gè)男孩是我的哥哥?！獁ho作主語(yǔ)Theteacherwhomwerespectdeeplyhastaughtfor20years.我們深深尊敬的那位老師已經(jīng)教了20年書(shū)了?！獁hom作賓語(yǔ)whose：指代人或物的“……的”，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，可替換為“ofwhich/whom”（物用ofwhich，人用ofwhom）。例句：Thehousewhosewindowsfacesouthgetsplentyofsunshine.窗戶朝南的那棟房子陽(yáng)光充足?！獁hose修飾windows【即時(shí)檢測(cè)】1.Theboy____________________wonthecompetitionismybrother.2.Thewatch____________________myfatherboughtmeisveryexpensive.3.Thehouse____________________windowsfacesouthgetsplentyofsunshine.4.Theteacher____________________werespectdeeplyhastaughtfor20years.5.Thisisthebestfilm____________________Ihaveeverseen.6.Thedictionary,____________________coverisred,belongstomysister.【答案】1.who/that2.that/which3.whose4.whom/who/that5.that6.whose知識(shí)點(diǎn)03關(guān)系副詞的用法when：指代時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，可替換為“介詞+which”（如inwhich,onwhich）。例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.我仍然記得我第一次來(lái)這所學(xué)校的那一天?！獁hen作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；where：指代地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，可替換為“介詞+which”（如inwhich,atwhich）。例句：ThisisthecitywhereIwasbornandgrewup.這是我出生長(zhǎng)大的城市?！獁here作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why：僅指代原因，先行詞多為reason，在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，可替換為forwhich；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用that/which。例句：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathemissedthebus.他遲到的原因是他錯(cuò)過(guò)了公交車。——why作原因狀語(yǔ)注意：關(guān)系副詞不可省略，且不能用that替換?！炯磿r(shí)檢測(cè)】1.Istillremembertheday____________________Ifirstcametothisschool.2.Thisisthecity____________________Iwasbornandgrewup.3.Thereason____________________hewaslateisthathemissedthebus.4.Wevisitedthevillage____________________mygrandparentsusedtolive.5.Theyear____________________theCOVID-19brokeoutwasunusual.6.Isthereanyreason____________________youcan’tcometotheparty?【答案】1.when2.where3.why4.where5.when6.why知識(shí)點(diǎn)04特殊用法：介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)：介詞+which/whom（that不能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)，關(guān)系代詞不可省略）。例句：ThebookforwhichIpaid50yuanisveryvaluable.我花了50元買的那本書(shū)很有價(jià)值?！猣orwhich引導(dǎo)從句介詞選擇依據(jù)：①先行詞的固定搭配（如keyto,attentionto）；②從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配（如listento,dependon）；③句子語(yǔ)義邏輯。例句：Thegirlwithwhomwetalkedjustnowisourmonitor.我們剛才交談的那個(gè)女孩是我們的班長(zhǎng)?！獁ith對(duì)應(yīng)talkwith常見(jiàn)搭配：inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,forwhich,withwhich,aboutwhich,ofwhom等?！炯磿r(shí)檢測(cè)】1.Thebook____________________Ipaid50yuanisveryvaluable.2.Thegirl____________________wetalkedjustnowisourmonitor.3.Thisisthehouse____________________windowsfacetheriver.4.Heboughtanewcar____________________hespentallhissavings.5.Thereason____________________hewasabsentisnotclear.6.Theman____________________wegotmuchhelpmovedtoanothercity.【答案】1.forwhich2.withwhom3.ofwhich4.onwhich5.forwhich6.fromwhom知識(shí)點(diǎn)05特殊用法：as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句①可指代人、物或整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。例句：Asisknowntoall,practicemakesperfect.眾所周知，熟能生巧。——as指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，作主語(yǔ)②常與such,as,so,thesame連用，構(gòu)成固定句式：such...as,as...as,so...as,thesame...as。③可置于句首、句中或句末（非限制性）；which不可置于句首。例句：Asweexpected,ourteamwonthegame.正如我們預(yù)期的那樣，我們隊(duì)贏了比賽?！猘s置于句首Hewaslateagain,aswasoftenthecase.他又遲到了，這是常有的事?！猘s置于句末④表“正如、正像”，語(yǔ)義更貼合“眾所周知、正如預(yù)期”等語(yǔ)境。例句對(duì)比：Shepassedtheexam,whichsurprisedallofus.她通過(guò)了考試，這讓我們所有人都很驚訝。——which表“這一點(diǎn)”Asweexpected,shepassedtheexam.正如我們預(yù)期的那樣，她通過(guò)了考試?！猘s表“正如”【即時(shí)檢測(cè)】1.____________________isknowntoall,practicemakesperfect.2.Hehassuchagoodmemory____________________nooneelsehas.3.Shepassedtheexam,____________________surprisedallofus.4.____________________weexpected,ourteamwonthegame.5.Thisisthesamepen____________________Ilostyesterday.6.Hewaslateagain,____________________wasoftenthecase.【答案】1.As2.as3.which4.As5.as6.as易｜錯(cuò)｜點(diǎn)｜撥1.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1：that與which的誤用規(guī)避方法：牢記that不能用的3種情況——①非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；②介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)；③先行詞為those/ones/all等且指人時(shí)。which不能用的情況：先行詞被最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞、only等修飾時(shí)，用that不用which。2.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2：關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞的混淆規(guī)避方法：若從句中缺主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞；若不缺主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)，僅缺狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞。例：ThisistheplacewhereIlived.（lived后缺狀語(yǔ)）；ThisistheplacethatIvisited.（visited后缺賓語(yǔ)）。3.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3：介詞+關(guān)系代詞的介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤規(guī)避方法：積累高頻固定搭配（如payfor→forwhich,talkwith→withwhom），做題時(shí)先鎖定搭配對(duì)象，再確定介詞，避免憑感覺(jué)選介詞。4.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4：關(guān)系詞的多余或省略錯(cuò)誤規(guī)避方法：①關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略，但非限制性從句中不可省略；②關(guān)系副詞不可省略；③不能同時(shí)用兩個(gè)關(guān)系詞，如錯(cuò)誤：Thegirlwhosheismyclassmate...（多了she）。5.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5：whose與ofwhich/whom的轉(zhuǎn)換錯(cuò)誤規(guī)避方法：牢記轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則——whose+名詞=the+名詞+ofwhich（物）/the+名詞+ofwhom（人），如whosebook=thebookofwhich。6.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)6：as與which的位置混淆規(guī)避方法：形成固定認(rèn)知——as可放句首，which絕對(duì)不能；句中/句末表“正如”用as，表“這件事”用which。解｜題｜技｜巧1.第一步：判類型——區(qū)分限制性與非限制性先看是否有逗號(hào)：有逗號(hào)→非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，直接排除that；無(wú)逗號(hào)→限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可考慮that等關(guān)系詞。2.第二步：找先行詞——明確修飾對(duì)象找準(zhǔn)先行詞（人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因或整個(gè)主句），是選對(duì)關(guān)系詞的核心：①先行詞是人→who/whom/whose/that；②先行詞是物→which/that/whose；③先行詞是時(shí)間→when/inwhich；④先行詞是地點(diǎn)→where/inwhich；⑤先行詞是原因→why/forwhich。3.第三步：析成分——確定關(guān)系詞功能分析關(guān)系詞在從句中所作成分：①作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)→用關(guān)系代詞（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）；②作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語(yǔ)→用關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why）或“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。4.第四步：定介詞——依托搭配與邏輯遇到“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)：①優(yōu)先找固定搭配（先行詞/謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞），如devoteto→towhich；②無(wú)固定搭配時(shí)，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義邏輯確定介詞，如“住在某地”→inwhich。5.第五步：辨as/which——抓位置與搭配①句首必用as；②與such/so/thesame連用必用as；③句中/句末表“這一點(diǎn)、這件事”用which；表“正如”用as。基礎(chǔ)通關(guān)（測(cè)試時(shí)間：10分鐘）Theboy____________________issittingthereismybestfriend.Thisisthepen____________________Ilostyesterday.____________________isknowntoall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.Thecity____________________Iwasbornisverybeautiful.Shehasasister____________________worksinahospital.Thebook____________________coverisbluewaswrittenbyafamouswriter.Istillremembertheday____________________wemetforthefirsttime.Theman____________________wetalkedaboutjustnowisourteacher.Thisisthebestfilm____________________Ihaveeverseen.Thereason____________________hedidn’tcomeisclear.Myfather,____________________lovesfishing,oftengoestotheriveronweekends.Thehouse____________________weliveisverybig.Sheboughtanewdress____________________shelikesverymuch.Theyear____________________wegraduatedfrommiddleschoolwas2021.Thegirl____________________hairislongandblacksingsverywell.Thisisthefactory____________________mybrotherworks.【答案】1.who/that2.that/which3.As4.where5.who/that6.whose7.when8.whom/that/which9.that10.why11.who12.where13.that/which14.when15.whose16.where重難突破（測(cè)試時(shí)間：10分鐘）Hehassuchadifficultproblem____________________noonecansolve.Thehouse,____________________welivedforfiveyears,wassoldlastmonth.Shewonthefirstprize,____________________wehadexpected.Theman____________________weaskedfordirectionswasverykind.Thisisthemagazine____________________Igotmuchinformationabouthistory.Hewaslateagain,____________________wasnotsurprising.Thegirl____________________motherisadoctorismyclassmate.____________________wehadhoped,ourteamwonthegame.Thecar____________________enginewasdamagedcouldn’tbedriven.Sheintroducedmetoherfriend____________________Ihadheardalot.Theday____________________wecelebratedourgraduationwasunforgettable.Thereason____________________heexplainedatthemeetingwasnotconvincing.Suchnovels____________________youreadarenotsuitableforteenagers.Thetown____________________Istayedduringtheholidayhaschangedalot.【答案】1.as2.inwhich3.as4.towhom5.fromwhich6.which7.whose8.As9.whose10.ofwhom11.onwhich12.that/which13.as14.where/inwhich易混易錯(cuò)（測(cè)試時(shí)間：10分鐘）____________________isknowntoall,waterisimportantforlife.Hepassedtheexam,____________________madehisparentshappy.Thebook____________________Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.Shehasthesamebag____________________Ihave.Thehouse____________________windowsfacesouthisverywarm.Hewaslate,____________________wasoftenthecase.Thegirl____________________wetalkedaboutjustnowisourmonitor.____________________isreportedinthenews,thepriceofoilwillrise.Thepen____________________hewrotetheletterwaslost.Thisisthecity____________________Iwasborn.Hetoldajoke____________________madeeveryonelaugh.Theman____________________daughterismyclassmateisadoctor.Sheboughtanewdress____________________colorisred.____________________weexpected,hegotthefirstplaceintheexam.Thefactory____________________producestoysisinthewestofthecity.【答案】1.As2.which3.that/which4.as5.whose6.as7.whom8.As9.withwhich10.where11.which12.whose13.whose14.As15.that/which鏈接高考（測(cè)試時(shí)間：15分鐘）（2025年模擬卷）Thetraditionalfestival,____________________hasahistoryofover2,000years,iscelebratedbypeoplealloverthecountry.（2025年模擬卷）Sheintroducedmetoherteacher,____________________Ihadheardalotabout.（2024年新高考I卷?語(yǔ)法填空改編