2025年河北專升本試題及答案一、英語（一）閱讀理解（每小題2分，共40分）Passage1Inrecentyears,theconceptof"slowcities"hasgainedtractionworldwide.Unlikefast-pacedmetropolises,slowcitiesaimtopreservelocalculture,promotesustainabledevelopment,andenhancequalityoflife.Theyrestrictlargechainstores,encouragelocalbusinesses,andprioritizepedestrian-friendlyinfrastructure.AsurveyinItaly,wheretheslowcitymovementoriginated,foundthatresidentsinthesecitiesreporthigherlevelsofhappinessandcommunityinvolvement.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThedevelopmentofglobalmetropolisesB.ThecharacteristicsandbenefitsofslowcitiesC.ThehistoryofItalianurbanplanningD.Thenegativeeffectsofchainstores2.Accordingtothepassage,slowcitiesdifferfrommetropolisesmainlyin______.A.populationsizeB.economicoutputC.paceoflifeanddevelopmentphilosophyD.transportationnetworksPassage2Artificialintelligence(AI)istransformingeducation.AdaptivelearningsystemsuseAItoanalyzestudents'performancedata,identifyweaknesses,andtailorlessonplans.Forexample,amathtutoringappmightprovideextrapracticeonfractionsifastudentstruggleswiththem.EducatorsnotethatwhileAIcanpersonalizelearning,itcannotreplaceteachers.Humaninteractionremainscrucialforemotionalsupportandcriticalthinkingdevelopment.3.Whatisthefunctionofadaptivelearningsystemsmentionedinthepassage?A.ToreducethenumberofteachersB.ToprovidepersonalizededucationbasedonperformanceC.ToreplacetraditionaltextbooksD.Toimproveschoolinfrastructure4.WhatdoeducatorsemphasizeaboutAIineducation?A.ItwillsoonreplacehumanteachersB.ItismoreeffectivethantraditionalmethodsC.HumaninteractionisstillessentialD.Itcanonlybeusedinmathtutoring（二）完形填空（每小題1分，共20分）WhenIwasachild,mygrandmotherusedtotellmestoriesabouttheoldvillage.Shedescribedaplace__5__greenhillssurroundedthefarmlands,andasmallriver__6__throughthecenter."WehadnoTVsorsmartphones,"shesaid,"butwe__7__happinessinsimplethings:asharedmeal,awalkunderthestars,__8__achatwithneighbors."AsIgrewolder,I__9__visitedthevillage.Theriverwasnowpolluted,andmanyhouseswere__10__.Onlyafeweldersremained,theireyes__11__withmemories.Oneday,Imetanoldmansittingonastone."Youngpeopleallleftforthecity,"hesighed."They__12__betteropportunities,buttheydon’tknow__13__they’velost."5.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what6.A.flowedB.flowsC.flowingD.toflow7.A.foundB.findC.havefoundD.hadfound8.A.justB.evenC.yetD.still9.A.eventuallyB.suddenlyC.immediatelyD.recently10.A.paintedB.abandonedC.repairedD.decorated11.A.fillingB.filledC.tofillD.beingfilled12.A.seekB.soughtC.areseekingD.willseek13.A.howB.whyC.whatD.when（三）翻譯（每小題5分，共10分）14.傳統(tǒng)文化的保護(hù)需要全社會的共同努力，不僅要依靠政府的政策支持，更要激發(fā)年輕人的參與熱情。15.Therapiddevelopmentofrenewableenergyhasnotonlyreducedcarbonemissionsbutalsocreatednewjobopportunitiesinsectorslikesolarandwindpower.（四）寫作（20分）假設(shè)你是李華，你的英國朋友Tom計(jì)劃來河北旅游，詢問你關(guān)于河北特色文化的推薦。請寫一封郵件，介紹一項(xiàng)河北非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)（如武強(qiáng)木版年畫、吳橋雜技等），包括其歷史、特點(diǎn)及推薦理由。二、數(shù)學(xué)（數(shù)一）（一）選擇題（每小題3分，共30分）1.函數(shù)f(x)=√(x-1)+ln(2-x)的定義域是（）A.[1,2)B.(1,2]C.(1,2)D.[1,2]2.極限lim(x→0)(tanxsinx)/x3=（）A.0B.1/2C.1D.23.設(shè)y=e^(-x)cosx，則y''=（）A.2e^(-x)sinxB.-2e^(-x)sinxC.e^(-x)(sinxcosx)D.e^(-x)(cosx+sinx)（二）填空題（每小題4分，共20分）4.曲線y=x3-3x2+1的拐點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)為______。5.定積分∫?^πsin2xdx=______。（三）計(jì)算題（每小題8分，共40分）6.求微分方程y''3y'+2y=e^x的通解。7.計(jì)算二重積分?_Dxydσ，其中D由y=x2，y=√x圍成。（四）證明題（10分）8.證明：當(dāng)x>0時，ln(1+x)>xx2/2。三、政治（一）選擇題（每小題2分，共40分）1.馬克思主義的根本觀點(diǎn)是（）A.實(shí)踐觀點(diǎn)B.矛盾觀點(diǎn)C.群眾觀點(diǎn)D.發(fā)展觀點(diǎn)2.中國式現(xiàn)代化的本質(zhì)要求不包括（）A.堅(jiān)持中國共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)B.實(shí)現(xiàn)全體人民同步富裕C.促進(jìn)人與自然和諧共生D.推動構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體（二）簡答題（每小題8分，共40分）3.簡述新時代十年的偉大變革及其重大意義。4.如何理解“綠水青山就是金山銀山”的生態(tài)文明思想？（三）論述題（每小題15分，共30分）5.結(jié)合實(shí)際，論述青年在全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家中的責(zé)任與使命。四、計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)（數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)）（一）選擇題（每小題3分，共30分）1.一個棧的輸入序列為1,2,3,4,5，則不可能的輸出序列是（）A.5,4,3,2,1B.3,2,5,4,1C.2,3,1,4,5D.1,5,4,3,22.對于長度為n的有序鏈表，查找一個元素的時間復(fù)雜度為（）A.O(1)B.O(n)C.O(logn)D.O(n2)（二）填空題（每小題4分，共20分）3.完全二叉樹有100個節(jié)點(diǎn)，其葉子節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)為______。4.快速排序的平均時間復(fù)雜度為______。（三）簡答題（每小題10分，共30分）5.簡述二叉樹的前序、中序、后序遍歷的區(qū)別，并舉例說明。（四）程序設(shè)計(jì)題（每小題15分，共30分）6.編寫C語言函數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)單鏈表的逆置（要求不使用額外空間）。答案一、英語（一）閱讀理解1.B2.C3.B4.C（二）完形填空5.B6.A7.A8.B9.D10.B11.B12.B13.C（三）翻譯14.Theprotectionoftraditionalculturerequiresthejointeffortsofthewholesociety.Itnotonlyreliesongovernmentpolicysupportbutalsoneedstostimulatetheenthusiasmofyoungpeopletoparticipate.15.可再生能源的快速發(fā)展不僅降低了碳排放，還在太陽能、風(fēng)能等領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造了新的就業(yè)機(jī)會。（四）寫作（范文）DearTom,I’mthrilledtohearyou’replanningatriptoHebei!Amongitsrichculturalheritages,IstronglyrecommendWuqiaoAcrobatics,anationalintangibleculturalheritage.Datingbackover2,000years,Wuqiao(acountyinHebei)isknownasthe"HometownofAcrobatics."Whatmakesituniqueisitscombinationofstrength,flexibility,andartistry.Performancesincludeplatespinning,tightropewalking,andeven"acrobaticswithanimals,"showcasingbothskillandcreativity.Irecommenditbecauseit’snotjustaperformancebutalivinghistory.ManyfamiliesinWuqiaohavepasseddownacrobaticskillsforgenerations,makingitasymboloflocalculture.You’llnotonlyenjoytheamazingshowsbutalsofeelthepassionoftheperformers.Lookingforwardtoyourvisit!Bestwishes,LiHua二、數(shù)學(xué)（數(shù)一）（一）選擇題1.A2.B3.A（二）填空題4.(1,-1)5.π/2（三）計(jì)算題6.齊次方程通解：y=C?e^x+C?e^(2x)；特解設(shè)為y=Axe^x，代入得A=-1，故通解y=C?e^x+C?e^(2x)xe^x。7.積分區(qū)域D：0≤x≤1，x2≤y≤√x；∫?1x(∫_{x2}^√xydy)dx=∫?1x[((√x)2(x2)2)/2]dx=1/2∫?1(x2x?)dx=1/2(1/31/6)=1/12。（四）證明題8.令f(x)=ln(1+x)-x+x2/2，f(0)=0；f’(x)=1/(1+x)-1+x=x2/(1+x)>0（x>0），故f(x)在x>0時單調(diào)遞增，f(x)>f(0)=0，即ln(1+x)>x-x2/2。三、政治（一）選擇題1.A2.B（二）簡答題3.新時代十年的偉大變革包括：經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力躍上新臺階、脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)全面勝利、全面深化改革取得重大突破、生態(tài)文明建設(shè)成效顯著等。意義：推動我國邁上全面建設(shè)社會主義現(xiàn)代化國家新征程，為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復(fù)興提供了更為完善的制度保證、更為堅(jiān)實(shí)的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)、更為主動的精神力量。4.該思想揭示了生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的辯證統(tǒng)一關(guān)系：良好生態(tài)環(huán)境是最普惠的民生福祉；保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境就是保護(hù)生產(chǎn)力，改善生態(tài)環(huán)境就是發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力；要堅(jiān)持綠色發(fā)展，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展。（三）論述題5.青年是社會最活躍