汽車專業(yè)英語ENALISHCHAPTER6

PowerBattery動(dòng)力蓄電池動(dòng)力蓄電池基本術(shù)語和類型動(dòng)力蓄電池的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)燃料電池技術(shù)6-1?BasicTermsandTypesofTractionBatteries6-2?StructureandPrincipleofTractionBattery6-3?BatteryManagementSystem6-4?FuelCellTechnology?6-1?Abbreviations縮寫語序號(hào)NO.類型Type維修建議Maintenanceadvice1BMS電池管理系統(tǒng)BatteryManagementSystem2BMU電池管理單元BatteryManagementUnit3BOL壽命初始BeginofLife4Bus-bar電芯極柱連接條Cellpoleconnectingrod5CAN控制器局域網(wǎng)ControllerAreaNetwork6A-CANBMU與HCU通訊CANBMUandHCUcommunicationCAN7C-CANBMU與CSC通訊CANBMU與CSC通訊CAN8S-CANBMU與CSU通訊CANBMUandCSUcommunicationCAN9CH-CANBMU與充電機(jī)通訊CANBMUandchargercommunicationCAN10CCU充電控制單元（車載充電機(jī)）

ChargeControlUnit11CSC電池監(jiān)控電路CellSupervisionCircuit12CSU電流采樣單元CurrentSampleUnit?6-1?Abbreviations縮寫語序號(hào)NO.類型Type維修建議Maintenanceadvice13EMC電磁兼容ElectromagneticCompatibility14ESD靜電釋放ElectrostaticDischarge15EOL壽命終止EndofLife16FMEA失效模式與影響分析FailureModeandEffectAnalysis17HV高壓HighVoltage18HVIL高壓互鎖HighVoltageInterlock19IPU集成功率單元IntegratedPowerUnit20LV低壓LowVoltage21MSD手動(dòng)維修開關(guān)ManualSwitchDisconnect22OCV開路電壓OpenCircuitVoltage23PTC加熱器PositiveTemperatureCoefficient24S-Box高壓配電盒SwitchBox25SOC荷電狀態(tài)StateofCharge本課新單詞maintenance[?me?nt?n?ns]n.維修，保持management[?m?n?d?m?nt]n.經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理supervision[?su:p??v??(?)n]n.監(jiān)督，管理circuit[?s?:k?t]n.電路；v.環(huán)行current[?k?r?nt]n.電流；adj.現(xiàn)在的sample[?sɑ:mp(?)l]n.采樣electromagnetic[??lektr??m?ɡ?net?k]adj.電磁的electrostatic[??lektr???st?t?k]adj.靜電的，靜電學(xué)的interlock[??nt??l?k]v.互鎖；n.連鎖manual[?m?nju?l]n.手冊(cè)；adj.手工的disconnect[?d?sk??nekt]v.切斷n.差異analysis[??n?l?s?s]n.分析charge[t?ɑ?d?]v.充電；n.電量board[b??d]n.板；v.登上charger[?t?ɑ?d??(r)]n.充電機(jī)，襲擊者1.BatteryCellThesmallestenergystorageunit,abasicelectrochemicalenergystoragedevice,consistsofapositiveelectrode,anegativeelectrode,anelectrolyte,aseparator,anexhaustvalve,andacase,alsocalledabatterycell.2.BatteryModuleIntermediateenergystorageunit,placedinamechanicalelectricalunit,isacombinationofseveralunitsconnectedtothecircuitandcircuitequipment(monitoringandprotectioncircuits,electricalandcommunicationinterfaces),alsoknownasamodule.3.BatteryPackApowersupplysystemcomposedofseveralbatterymodules,circuitcomponents(protectioncircuits,batterymanagementsystems,electricalandcommunicationinterfaces),andthermalmanagementdevices,etc.,whichareusedtoprovideenergyforelectricaldevices.4.NominalVoltageAt25℃,90%RH,50%SOC,thepotentialdifferencebetweenthepositiveandnegativeelectrodesofthebattery.閱讀材料Definitionofterminology5.CapacityTheamountofpowerthebatterycanprovideafterbeingfullychargedunderprescribedconditions.UsuallyexpressedinA·h.6.EnergyCapacityTheenergyprovidedbythebatterywhenfullychargedunderprescribedconditions.UsuallyexpressedinW·horkW·h.7.NominalCapacityAtthebeginningoflife(BOL),thebatterycanbefullychargedunderthespecifiedconditionstoprovideaminimumcapacityofICdischargecapacity.閱讀材料術(shù)語定義1.單體蓄電池最小的儲(chǔ)能單元，一個(gè)基本的電化學(xué)能源儲(chǔ)存裝置，由正極、負(fù)極、電解液、隔離膜、排氣閥及殼體組成，也稱為電芯。2.蓄電池模組中間儲(chǔ)能單元，放在一個(gè)機(jī)械電氣單元內(nèi)的，由電路相連的若干個(gè)單體和電路設(shè)備（監(jiān)測(cè)和保護(hù)電路、電氣和通信接口）組成的一個(gè)組合體，也稱為模組。3.蓄電池包由若干個(gè)蓄電池模組、電路設(shè)備（保護(hù)電路、蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)，電氣和通信接口）及熱管理裝置等組成的，用來為用電裝置提供能量的電源系統(tǒng)。4.標(biāo)稱電壓在25℃，90%RH，50%SOC條件下，蓄電池正極和負(fù)極之間的電位差。術(shù)語定義5.容量按規(guī)定的條件完全充電后的蓄電池所能提供的電量。通常用A·h來表示。6.能量按規(guī)定的條件完全充電后的蓄電池所能提供的能量。通常用W·h或kW·h來表示。7.標(biāo)稱容量在壽命開始（BOL），按規(guī)定的條件完全充電后的蓄電池以1C的倍率放電所能提供的最小容量。生詞短語注解electrochemical[??lektr???kem?k?l]adj.電化學(xué)的electrolyte[??lektr?la?t]n.電解液separator[?sep?re?t?(r)]n.隔離膜，分離器circuit[s?:k?t]n.電路，環(huán)道thermal[θ?:m(?)l]adj.熱的；n.上升的熱氣流nominal[?n?m?n(?)l]adj.標(biāo)稱capacity[k??p?s?ti]n.容量，能力discharge[d?s?t?ɑ:d?]n.放電；v.釋放supervision[?su:p??v??(?)n]n.監(jiān)控integrated[??nt?ɡre?t?d]adj.集成的；v.合并potential[p??ten?(?)l]adj.潛在的；n.潛力electrode[??lektr??d]n.電極；電焊條specified[?spes?fa?d]adj.規(guī)定的；v.指定prescribedconditions規(guī)定的條件thermalmanagementdevices熱管理裝置6-2?StructureandPrincipleofTractionBattery動(dòng)力蓄電池的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理ExplosiveviewofbatterymoduleisshowninFigure6-1.蓄電池模組爆炸圖如圖6-1所示。Figure6-1ExplosiveViewofBatteryModule蓄電池模組爆炸圖Figure6-11endplate端板2outputsidebase輸出極底座3endplateinsulationcover端板絕緣罩4protectivecoverofoutput輸出極保護(hù)蓋5uppercoverofmodule模組上保護(hù)蓋6PCBorFPC線束板組件或柔性采樣線7negativetemperaturecoefficient(NTC)負(fù)溫度系數(shù)8cell電芯9bufferspad緩沖墊10insulationfilmofsideplate側(cè)板絕緣膜（熱壓膜）11sideplate側(cè)板ModularfreedesignofthebatteryisshowinFigure6-2.無模組設(shè)計(jì)的蓄電池如圖6-2所示。Figure6-2ModularFreeDesignoftheBattery無模組設(shè)計(jì)的蓄電池Figure6-21lowvoltageconnector低壓接插件2highvoltageconnector高壓接插件3batterymanagementsystem（BMS）蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)4lowvoltagewiringharness低壓連接線束55*1P18SCTPcellscomponent5*1P18SCTP電芯組件6copper-barofhighvoltageconnection高壓連接銅巴7thermalmanagementsystem熱管理系統(tǒng)8fuse熔斷器9packsealingpad箱體密封墊Figure6-2OutsideofbatteryPackisshowninFigure6-3.蓄電池箱外部如圖6-3所示。Figure6-3OutsideofBatteryPack蓄電池箱外部Figure6-3Figure6-31fast-charginginterface快充接口2HVoutput高壓輸出3toolinghook工裝掛鉤4airpressurebalancevalve(uppercover)氣壓平衡閥（上蓋）5lowerboxofpack電箱下箱體6copper-barofhighvoltageconnection電箱上箱蓋InsideofbatterypackisshowninFigure6-4.蓄電池箱內(nèi)部如圖6-4所示。Figure6-4InsideofBatteryPack蓄電池箱內(nèi)部Figure6-4Figure6-41batterymanagementunit（BMU）蓄電池管理單元2SwitchBox（S-Box）開關(guān)箱3seal、buffer、insulation密封、緩沖、絕緣4lowerboxofpack電箱下箱體5upperboxofpack電箱上箱蓋6airpressurebalancevalve(uppercover)氣壓平衡閥（上蓋）7airpressurebalancevalve(uppercover)熱管理系統(tǒng)8highvoltageconnection高壓連接9module模組10lowvoltageconnection低壓連接11nameplate、tags銘牌、標(biāo)簽本課新單詞insulation[??nsju?le??(?)n]n.絕緣connector[k??nekt?(r)]n.插接器harness[?hɑ:n?s]v.連接；n.系帶component[k?m?p??n?nt]n.組成部分；adj.組成的sealing[?si:l??]n.密封；v.系緊interface[??nt?fe?s]n.界面；v.連接valve[v?lv]n.閥；v.裝閥于component[k?m?p??n?nt]n.組成部分；adj.組成的wiring[?wa??r??]n.接線；v.裝電線seal[si?l]n.印章；v.封上buffer[?b?f?(r)]n.緩沖器；v.緩沖,保護(hù)tooling[?tu?l??]n.工具作業(yè)；v.使用nameplate[?ne?mple?t]n.銘牌tags[t?ɡz]n.標(biāo)簽；v.給……加上標(biāo)簽Lithium-ionbatteriesrelyonthemovementoflithium-ionsbetweentheelectrodestogenerateelectricalenergy,thestorageandreleaseofthisenergyisthroughthereleaseoflithiumionsinthepositiveactivesubstancetothenegativeactivesubstanceinsertionandremovaltocomplete,withoutchemicalreactions,whichisthebiggestfeatureoflithium-ionbatteries.Whenthebatteryischarged,lithiumionsaregeneratedonthepositiveelectrodeofthebattery,andthegeneratedlithiumionsmovethroughtheelectrolytetothenegativeelectrode.Asanegativeelectrode,carbonhasalayeredstructurewithmanymicropores.Lithiumionsthatreachthenegativeelectrodeareembeddedintothemicroporesofthecarbonlayer.Themorelithiumionsareembedded,thehigherthechargingcapacity.Similarly,whenthebatteryisdischarged,thelithiumionsembeddedinthenegativecarbonlayerescapeandmovebacktothepositiveelectrode.Themorelithiumionsareinthepositiveelectrode,thehigherthedischargecapacity.閱讀材料BasicPrincipleofCharge-DischargeofLi-ionBattery閱讀材料鋰離子蓄電池是依靠鋰離子在電極之間移動(dòng)而產(chǎn)生電能的，這種電能的存儲(chǔ)和釋放是通過正極活性物質(zhì)中放出的鋰離子向負(fù)極活性物質(zhì)中插入及脫嵌來完成的，這一過程不發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，這是鋰離子蓄電池的最大特點(diǎn)。蓄電池進(jìn)行充電時(shí)，蓄電池的正極上有鋰離子生成，生成的鋰離子經(jīng)過電解液移動(dòng)到負(fù)極。而作為負(fù)極的碳材料呈層狀結(jié)構(gòu)，它有很多微孔，到達(dá)負(fù)極的鋰離子就嵌入到碳層的微孔中，嵌入的鋰離子越多，充電容量越高。同樣，當(dāng)蓄電池放電時(shí)，嵌在負(fù)極碳層中的鋰離子脫出，又移回正極。移回正極的鋰離子越多，放電容量越高。鋰離子蓄電池充放電基本原理生詞短語注解lithiumion[?l?θi?m?a??n]n.鋰離子battery[?b?tri]n.電池storage[st?:r?d?]n.存儲(chǔ)release[r??li:s]v.放出insertion[?n?s?:?n]n.插入removal[r??mu:v(?)l]n.脫嵌micropores[ma?kr?(?)p?:(r)]n.微孔embedded[?m?bed?d]adj.嵌入escape[??ske?p]v.脫出coefficient[k????f??nt]n.系數(shù)nameplate[?ne?mple?t]n.銘牌tags[t?ɡz]n.標(biāo)簽layer[?le??(r)]n.層；v.分層放置escape[??ske?p]v.逃跑；n.逃離electrode[??lektr??d]n.電極lithium-ionbattery鋰離子電池activesubstance活性物質(zhì)chargecapacity充電容量6-3?BatteryManagementSystem蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)Figure6-6BatteryManagementSystemFunctions蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)功能BatterymanagementsystemfunctionsareshowninFigure6-6.蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)功能如圖6-6所示。1balancedmanagement均衡管理2communicationmanagement通信管理3datastorage數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)4powermanagement電源管理5parametercalibration電芯組件6faulthandling參數(shù)標(biāo)定7faultdiagnosis故障處理8batterysafetymanagement蓄電池安全管理9highvoltagesafetymanagement高壓安全管理10SOCandSOHestimationSOC、SOH估算11batteryparametermonitoring蓄電池參數(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)12batteryequalization蓄電池均衡13sleepandwakeup休眠與喚醒14powersupplyvoltagedetection電源電壓檢測(cè)15powersequentialcontrol電源時(shí)序控制16communicationsCAN通信CAN17CSCautomaticencodingCSC自動(dòng)編碼18BOOTprocedureBOOT程序Figure6-619cellkeydata電芯關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)20productapplicationprogram產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用程序21cellIDtracing電芯ID追溯22voltagedetection電壓檢測(cè)23currentdetection電流檢測(cè)24temperaturemeasurement溫度檢測(cè)25internalresistancedetection內(nèi)阻檢測(cè)26SOCvaluationcalibrationSOC估值校準(zhǔn)27SOHestimateSOH估算28energyprediction能量預(yù)估29highvoltageinterlock高壓互鎖30insulationdetection絕緣檢測(cè)31relaycontrol繼電器控制32collisionsignalprocessing碰撞信號(hào)處理33maintenancestateprotection維修狀態(tài)保護(hù)34heatmanagement

熱管理35powerreductionstrategy降功率策略36chargemanagement充電管理37faultdetectionandprocessing故障檢測(cè)與處理38systemself-checkdiagnosis系統(tǒng)自檢診斷Figure6-6本課新單詞Parameter[p??r?m?t?(r)]n.參數(shù)estimation[est??me??n]n.估算diagnosis[da??ɡ?n??s?s]n.診斷calibration[?k?l??bre??n]n.標(biāo)定，刻度storage[st?:r?d?]n.存儲(chǔ)；adj.儲(chǔ)存的voltage[?v??lt?d?]n.電壓management[?m?n?d?m?nt]n.經(jīng)營(yíng)data[?de?t?]n.數(shù)據(jù)fault[f?:lt]n.錯(cuò)誤；v.挑剔monitoring[?m?n?t?r??]v.監(jiān)視equalization[i?kw?la??ze??n]n.均衡detection[d??tek?(?)n]n.察覺sequential[s??kwen?(?)l]adj.連續(xù)的automatic[???t??m?t?k]adj.自動(dòng)的；n.自動(dòng)換擋汽車resistance[r??z?st?ns]n.反對(duì)；阻力；電阻maintenance[?me?nt?n?ns]n.維護(hù)strategy[?str?t?d?i]n.策略self-check[selft?ek]adj.自我檢查的

Figure6-7BatteryManagementSystem蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)閱讀材料Theenergystorageandoutputofthetractionbatteryneedtobemanaged,thatis,thetractionbatteryenergymanagementmodule,alsoknownasthebatterymanagementsystem(BMS),asshowninFigure6-7.BMScanprotectthetractionbatterysystemfromover-voltage,under-voltage,over-current,over-temperatureandover-lowtemperaturethroughfunctionssuchasvoltage,currentandtemperaturedetection,aswellasrelaycontrol,SOCestimation,chargeanddischargemanagement,heatingorinsulation,balancecontrol,faultalarmandtreatment,andcommunicationwithothercontrollers.Toensurethesafeandreliableuseofthebattery,theBMSshouldmaximizethecapacityofthebatteryandextendtheservicelife,andreportthebasicparametersandfaultinformationofthetractionbatterysystemtoVCU.BatteryManagementSystem閱讀材料動(dòng)力蓄電池的能量?jī)?chǔ)存與輸出都需要進(jìn)行管理，即動(dòng)力蓄電池能量管理模塊，也稱為蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)（BMS），如圖6-7所示。BMS通過電壓、電流及溫度檢測(cè)等功能，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)動(dòng)力蓄電池系統(tǒng)的過電壓、欠電壓、過電流、過高溫和過低溫保護(hù)，以及繼電器控制、SOC估算、充放電管理、加熱或保溫、均衡控制、故障報(bào)警及處理、與其他控制器通信等功能。

為保證蓄電池安全可靠，BMS要充分利用電池的容量和延長(zhǎng)其使用壽命，并向VCU上報(bào)動(dòng)力蓄電池系統(tǒng)的基本參數(shù)及故障信息。蓄電池管理系統(tǒng)生詞短語注解referred[r??f?:d]adj.（醫(yī)）牽涉性的；v.參考function[?f?nk?(?)n]n.功能current[?k?r?nt]adj.現(xiàn)行的n.水流relay[?ri?le?]v.傳遞；n.接力賽controller[k?n?tr??l?]n.控制器treatment[?tri?tm?nt]n.對(duì)待06CHAPTER6TractionBatterydetection[d??tek?(?)n]n.察覺over-voltage過電壓under-voltage欠電壓over-current過電流over-temperature過高溫over-lowtemperature過低溫relaycontrol繼電器控制faultalarm故障報(bào)警faultinformation故障信息6-4?FuelCellTechnology燃料電池技術(shù)FuelcellelectricvehiclestructureisshowninFigure6-8.燃料電池電動(dòng)汽車結(jié)構(gòu)如圖6-8所示。Figure6-8FuelCellElectricVehicleStructure燃料電池電動(dòng)汽車結(jié)構(gòu)Figure6-81fuelcell燃料電池23-waypowerDC/DCconverter3路電源DC/DC變換器3fillingnipplewithinfraredinterface帶紅外接口的填充接嘴4powerelectronicsrearelectricmotor電力電子后端電機(jī)5H2-Tanks(3x)

氫氣-油箱（3個(gè)）6electricmotorrearaxle電機(jī)后橋7tractionbattery動(dòng)力蓄電池8electricmotorfrontaxle電機(jī)前軸9powerelectronicsfrontelectricmotor電力電子前端電機(jī)10aircompressor空氣壓縮機(jī)11hydrogenrecirculationblower氫氣再循環(huán)鼓風(fēng)機(jī)本課新單詞defuel[di:?fj??l]v.給……卸燃permeation[?p?:mi?e??n]n.滲透humidifier[hju:?m?d?fa??(r)]n.增濕器membrane[?membre?n]n.膜06CHAPTER6TractionBatterytreatment[?tri:tm?nt]n.對(duì)待，討論receptacle[r??sept?k(?)l]n.容器，花托rated[?re?t?d]adj.額定的；v.認(rèn)為auxiliary[?:ɡ?z?li?ri]adj.輔助的；n.助手leakage[?li:k?d?]n.泄漏flammability[?fl?m??b?l?ti]n.可燃性u(píng)tilization[?ju:t?la??ze??(?)n]n.利用consumption[k?n?s?mp?(?)n]n.消費(fèi)，引用converter[k?n?v??t?(r)]n.（使）轉(zhuǎn)變的人recirculation[ri??s??kj??le???n]n.再循環(huán)tanks[t??ks]n.儲(chǔ)放液體或氣體的箱Fuelcellelectricvehicles(FCEVs)generateelectricitythroughanelectrochemicalreactionbetweenhydrogenandoxygenfromtheair,catalyzedwithinafuelcell,asshowinFigure6-9.Thiselectricityservesastheprimarypowersourcetodrivethevehicle.Essentially,FCEVsareatypeofelectricvehicle.Intermsofthevehiclebody,powertransmissionsystem,andcontrolsystem,FCEVsarefundamentallysimilartoconventionalelectricvehicles.Thekeydifferenceliesintheprincipleofthepowersource.Generallyspeaking,fuelcellsconvertchemicalenergyintoelectricityviaelectrochemicalreactions.Hydrogenistypicallyusedasthereducingagent,whileoxygenservesastheoxidant.Asaresult,theearliestfuelcellvehiclesdirectlyutilizedhydrogenfuel.Hydrogenstoragecanbeachievedthroughvariousmethods,suchasliquefiedhydrogen,compressedhydrogen,ormetalhydridehydrogenstorage.Purefuelcellvehiclesrelysolelyonthefuelcellastheirpowersource,withallthevehicle'spowerderivedfromthefuelcell.Atpresent,manyfuelcellvehiclesoperateinahybridform.Inadditiontothefuelcell,thesevehiclesincorporateabatteryorsupercapacitorasanauxiliarypowersource.Themaincomponentsofsuchasystemincludetheenergycontrolunit,aircompressor,fuelcellstack,high-pressurehydrogenstoragetank,powerbattery,andelectricmotor.Thehigh-pressurehydrogenstoragetanksuppliesfueltothevehicle,whilethepowerbatteryprovidesadditionalpowerforaccelerati