汽車專業(yè)英語ENALISHCHAPTER3

EngineManagement發(fā)動機管理電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)柴油機電控系統(tǒng)排放物控制火花塞與進排氣系統(tǒng)?3-1?EFISystem3-2ElectronicDieselControl（EDC）System3-3EmissionControls3-4SparkPlug、IntakeandExhaustSystems

3-1EFISystem電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)ENALISHa）sequentialfuelinjection（SFI）順序多點燃油噴射motronicM3.8.2EFIsystemdiagramM3.8.2噴射/點火協(xié)同管理系統(tǒng)圖（Motronic：博世公司自創(chuàng)詞）multipointfuelinjectionsystem多點燃油噴射系統(tǒng)b）componentslocationdiagram零部件位置圖1fuelpump燃油泵electricfuelpump電動燃油泵2fuelfilter燃油濾清器3canister-purgevalve炭罐清除閥EVAPcanisterpurgevalve（蒸發(fā)排放物）一炭罐清除閥CANPsolenoidvalve（canisterpurgesolenoidvalve）炭罐清除電磁閥4（carbon）一canister炭罐EVAPcanister蒸發(fā)排放物炭罐（SAE二推薦用語）charcoal（carbon）一canister活性炭罐5dualsparkignitioncoil雙火花點火線圈6camshaftphasesensor凸輪軸相位傳感器（德國汽車業(yè)界用語），camshaftposition(CMP)sensor凸輪軸位置傳感器（SAE推薦用語）Hallsensor霍爾傳感器（大眾公司用語）7injector噴油器8fuelpressureregulator燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器9throttlecontroldevice節(jié)氣門控制裝置throttlecontrolwiththrottlepositionsensor帶節(jié)氣門位置傳感器的節(jié)氣門控制裝置10hot-filmair-massmeter熱膜式空氣流量計11lambdaoxygensensor氧傳感器（德國汽車業(yè)界用語）oxygensensor氧傳感器（SAE推薦用語）upstreamoxygensensor上游氧傳感器12coolanttemperaturesensor冷卻液溫度傳感器13knocksensor爆燃傳感器14engine-speedsensor發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器（德國汽車業(yè)界用語）crankshaftpositionsensor（CKPS）曲軸位置傳感器15intaketemperaturesensor進氣溫度傳感器16enginecontrolunit（ECU）發(fā)動機控制單元（德國汽車業(yè)界用語）enginecontrolmodule（ECM）發(fā)動機控制模塊（SAE推薦用語。與PCM相似，但適用后驅(qū)發(fā)動機）17sensor傳感器carbon[?kɑ?b?n]n.炭；碳charcoal[?t?ɑ?k??l]adj.活性的coolant[?ku?l?nt]n.冷卻液electric[?'lektr?k]adj.電的，電動的electronic[??lek?tr?n?k]adj.電子的film[f?lm]n.膜，薄膜Hall[h??l]霍爾（霍爾于1879年發(fā)現(xiàn)了霍爾效應，Halleffect）high[ha?]adj.高（級）的n.高（度，級）hot[h?t]adj.熱的v.給……加溫hot-film熱膜knock[n?k]n.爆燃，爆燃聲v.敲，敲擊lambda[?l?md?]n.拉姆達（希臘字母中第11個字母），過量空氣系數(shù)location[l???ke??n]n.位置main[me?n]adj.主（要）的，總的module[?m?dju?l]n.模塊，組件multipoint['m?lt?p??nt]adj.多點；多點的position[p??z??n]n.位置，姿勢primary['pra?m?ri]adj.初級的，第一級的purge[p??d?]v.清除，凈化，清污n.凈化regulator[?reɡjule?t?(r)]n.調(diào)節(jié)器sequential[s??kwen?l]adj.順序的unit[?ju?n?t]n.單位，單元，模塊upstream[?p?stri?m]adj.上游的The

EFI

system

uses

various

sensors

to

detect

the

operating

conditions

ofthe

engine

and

the

ve-

hicle.

In

accordance

with

the

signals

from

these

sensors,

the

ECU

calculates

the

optimal

fuel

injectionvolume

and

operatestheinjectorsin

orderto

injectthe

proper

volume

offuel.During

ordinary

driving,

the

engine

ECU

determines

the

fuel

injection

volume

to

achieve

the

theoretical

air-fuel

ratio,

ensuring

theproperpower,fuelconsumption,andexhaustemissionlevelssimultaneously.Atothertimes,suchasduringwarm-up,acceleration,deceleration,orhigh-loaddrivingconditions,theengineECUdetectsthoseconditionswiththevarioussensorsandthencorrectsthefuelinjectionvolumetoensureanoptimalair-fuelmixtureatalltimes.EFISystem電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)通過各種傳感器檢測發(fā)動機和汽車的工作狀況。發(fā)動機電控單元根據(jù)各傳感器發(fā)出的信號計算出最佳噴油量，控制噴油器噴油，以確保合適的噴油量。在平常行駛中，發(fā)動機控制單元通過控制燃油噴射量，得到理論空燃比，以保證發(fā)動的動力性、燃油消耗和廢氣排放同時滿足要求。在暖機、加速、減速、高負荷運轉(zhuǎn)等其他工況下，發(fā)動機控制單元通過各種傳感器確定相應工況，及時修正噴油量，以確保在任何時候都能獲得最佳的空氣燃油混合氣。電控燃油噴射系統(tǒng)accordance[??k??d?ns]n.一致，和諧air-fuelmixture空氣-燃油混合氣all[??l]adj.全部的，所有的calculate[?k?lkj?le?t]v.計算，考慮consumption[k?n?s?mp??n]n.消耗量，消耗correct[k??rekt]v.修正adj.正確的，恰當?shù)膁eceleration[di??sel?'re???n]n.減速，減速度detect[d??tekt]v.探測，發(fā)現(xiàn)ensure[?n'???(r)]v.保證，擔保high-load高負荷，大負荷operatingconditions工作狀況，工況optimal[??pt?m?l]adj.最佳［優(yōu)］的order[???d?]n.次序，順序v.定購proper['pr?p?(r)]adj.適當?shù)?，正確的adv.完全地theoreticalair-fuelratio理論空燃比various['ve?r??s]adj.不同的，多樣的warm-up熱車，暖機，預熱1.詞組英漢連線CKPCMPEFIECMSAEVolkswagentemperaturesensorthrottlecontrolmanifoldpressureelectricfuelpump大眾歧管壓力溫度傳感器節(jié)氣門控制電動燃油泵曲軸位置凸輪軸位置電控燃油噴射發(fā)動機控制模塊汽車工程學會2.英譯漢1）ignitioncoil

2）hot-filmair-massmeter

3）electronicthrottlecontrol

4）intake-manifoldpressuresensor

5）fuelpressuresensor

6）fuel-distributionpipe

7）camshaftpositionsensor

8）oxygensensor

3.英譯漢TranslatethesentenceandthephrasebelowFigure3-2.翻譯圖3-2所示的句子和詞組。Figure3-2Forthe3rdPracticeQuestion題3圖Thehigh-pressurefuelpumpforaGDIsystemisdrivenbyacamshaft.

NOTE：GDImeansgasolinedirectinjection

4.漢譯英1

）電子控制模塊

2）直接噴射

3）多點噴射

4）汽車工程

5）汽車工程師

6）質(zhì)量空氣流量計

7）燃油壓力

8）燃油泵

3-2ElectronicDieselControl（EDC）System柴油機電控系統(tǒng)ENALISHcontrollerareanetwork（CAN）控制器局域網(wǎng)1fueltank燃油箱2fuelfilter燃油濾清器3fuelsupply[feed]pump燃油供給泵4pressurelimiter壓力限制器5fuelcooler燃油冷卻器6unitinjector（UI）泵噴嘴7fueltemperaturesensor燃油溫度傳感器8electroniccontrolunit（ECU）電控單元9acceleratorpedalpositionsensor（APPS）加速踏板位置傳感器10vehiclespeedsensor（VSS）車速傳感器11brakelightswitch制動燈開關(guān)12ambience-air-temperaturesensor環(huán)境溫度傳感器13camshaftpositionsensor（CMP）凸輪軸位置傳感器14intake-air-temperaturesensor（IATS）進氣溫度傳感器15boost-pressuresensor增壓壓力傳感器16throttle節(jié)氣門17massairflowmeter（MAFM）質(zhì)量型空氣流量計18engine-coolanttemperaturesensor發(fā)動機冷卻液溫度傳感器19crankshaftpositionsensor（CKPS）曲軸位置傳感器20instrumentpanelwithfuelgaugeetc.帶燃油表等的儀表板21glowplugcontrolmodule電熱塞控制模塊22glowplug電熱塞23clutchpedalswitch離合器踏板開關(guān)24cruisesystemswitch（cruisecontrol）巡航系統(tǒng)開關(guān)（巡航控制）25A/Ccompressorwithcontrolmodule帶控制模塊的空調(diào)壓縮機26A/Ccompressorcontrolmodule空調(diào)壓縮機控制模塊27glowplugandstarterswitch（ignition-keylock）電熱塞和起動機開關(guān)（點火開關(guān)）28diagnosis[diagnostic]interface診斷接口29battery蓄電池30exhaust-gasturbocharger廢氣渦輪增壓器31exhaustgasrecirculationcooler排氣再循環(huán)冷卻器32exhaustgasrecirculationactuator排氣再循環(huán)執(zhí)行器33boost-pressureactuator增壓壓力執(zhí)行器34vacuumpump真空泵本課新單詞actuator['?kt??e?t?(r)]n.執(zhí)行器，動作器ambience['?mb??ns]n.周圍環(huán)境area['e?r??]n.區(qū)域，地區(qū)，面boost[bu?st]v.增加，提高；（發(fā)動機）增壓n.推動controller[k?n?tr??l?(r)]n.控制者，控制器cruise[kru?z]v.巡航n.巡航diagnosis[?da??ɡ?n??s?s]n.診斷diagnostic[?da??ɡ?n?st?k]adj.診斷；診斷的etc[?t?set?r?]adv.等等glow[ɡl??]v.發(fā)光，灼熱n.（柴油機）電熱塞glowplug電熱塞interface[??nt?fe?s]n.接口v.接合，連接key[ki?]n.鑰匙；鎖片；滑塊；鍵v.用鑰匙……limiter['l?m?t?(r)]n.限制器network['netw??k]n.網(wǎng)，網(wǎng)絡other[??e?(r)]adj.其他supply[s?'pla?]v.供給，提供DieselFuelInjectionAlldieselenginesdrawaironly,pasttheintakevalveintothecylinder.Ahigh-pressurefuelinjectionsysteminjectsfuelintothecylinder.Theamountoffuelinjectedisvariedtosuittheloadontheengine,andtocontrolenginespeed.Intakeairvolumedoesnotchange.Inabasicdieselfuelsystem,afueltankholdsthedieselfuel.Aliftpumptakesfuelfromthetankandkeepstheinjectionpumpfulloffuel.Asedimenterremovesanywaterandlargerparticlesinthefuel.Afuelfilterremovesminuteparticles.Aninjectionpumpdeliversfuelunderveryhighpressuretotheinjectors.Itmustsendthecorrectamountoffuelatthecorrecttimeintheenginecycle.Aninjector,ateachcylinder,spraysfuelintoeachcombustionchamber.Leak-offpipestakefuelusedforcoolingandforlubricationfromtheinjectionpumpandinjectorsbacktothetank.Agovernorcontrolsenginespeed,andacontrolleveronthegovernorisconnectedtotheacceleratorpedal.閱讀材料閱讀材料柴油噴射所有的柴油發(fā)動機只吸入空氣，空氣通過進氣門進入氣缸。高壓燃油噴射系統(tǒng)把燃油噴射到氣缸。噴入的燃油量根據(jù)發(fā)動機的負載和轉(zhuǎn)速的變化而變化。吸入的空氣量不變。在一個基本的柴油機燃油系統(tǒng)里，燃油箱儲存柴油。供油泵從油箱里吸油，保持噴油泵里燃油充足。沉淀器去掉燃油里的水分和較大的顆粒。燃油濾清器濾去細小的顆粒。噴油泵提供給噴油器高壓燃油。噴油泵必須在發(fā)動機運轉(zhuǎn)時適時地噴入最佳油量。每個氣缸里的噴油器把燃油噴射到相應的燃燒室。起冷卻和潤滑作用的燃油從噴油泵和噴油器里經(jīng)回油管流回油箱。調(diào)速器控制發(fā)動機的轉(zhuǎn)速，調(diào)速器上的一個控制桿和加速踏板連接。

生詞短語注解accelerator[?k'sel?re?t?(r)]n.加速器draw[dr??]v.汲取，吸引leak-off[li?k?f]n.漏氣，漏水lever[?li?v?(r)]n.桿，杠桿，控制桿v.用杠桿撬liftpump供油泵minute[ma??nju?t]adj.微小的past[pɑ?st]adv.通過，經(jīng)過adj.過去的pedal[?pedl]n.踏板v.踩踏板remove[r?'mu?v]v.移動，去除sedimenter[sed??m?nt?]n.（液體）沉淀器spray[spre?]v.噴射，噴n.噴霧器suit[sju?t]v.適合，相配varied['ve?r?d]adj.各式各樣的練習題liftpumpglowplugpedalswitchignition-keylockdiagnosticinterfacepressurelimitingvalverailpressuresensorunitinjectorcrankshaftpositionsensorCANcruisecontrol泵噴嘴控制器局域網(wǎng)曲軸位置傳感器巡航控制踏板開關(guān)軌壓傳感器限壓閥供油泵點火開關(guān)診斷接口電熱塞1.看本課的汽車圖（圖3-2），用英語讀出汽車術(shù)語2.單詞或詞組英漢連線練習題3.英譯漢和漢譯英TranslatethephrasebelowFigure3-4.翻譯圖3-4所示的詞組。

1—high

pressure

pump

2—filter

with

water

separator

and

integrated

hand

pump

3—common

rail

4—actuators

5—高壓

6—低壓

7—電子控制模塊

8—pickup

strainer

9—燃油箱

練習題4.漢譯英

1）把燃油噴射到燃燒室

3）最佳車速

5）泵噴嘴

2）細小的顆粒

4）回油管

6）燃油里的水分

3-3EmissionControls

排放物控制ENALISHFigure3-5showshowdifficultitistocontrolexhaustemissions.NoticethatNOxandCO2arehighwhentheHCarelow.控制排氣排放物的困難，如圖3-5所示。注意，當NOx和CO2高時，HC低。The

efficiency

ofa

catalytic

converter

isat

its

highest

level

when

there

is

a

stoichiometric

mixture,

as

shown

in

Figure

3-6.在理論混合氣時，催化轉(zhuǎn)化器效率在最高水平，如圖

3-6所示。converterefficiency催化轉(zhuǎn)化器效率stoichiometricpoint（gasoline）理論配比點（汽油）stoichiometricmixture理論配比混合氣，理論混合氣air-fuelratio空燃比air-fuelmixture空氣燃油混合氣richmixture濃混合氣leanmixture稀混合氣concentration（%）濃度（百分比）HC/NOxconcentration（ppm）HC/NOx濃度（百萬分率）本課新單詞（一）emission[??m??(?)n]n.（發(fā)動機）排放；輻［放］射，（電磁波）發(fā)射chart[t?ɑ?t]n.表，圖表CO=carbonmonoxide一氧化碳CO2=carbondioxide二氧化碳concentration[?k?ns(?)n?tre??(?)n]n.濃度difficult[?d?f?k?lt]adj.困難的dioxide[da???ksa?d]n.二氧化物efficiency[??f??(?)nsi]n.效率HC=hydrocarbon碳氫化合物lean[li?n]adj.稀的v.傾斜million[?m?lj?n]n.百萬monoxide[m?'n?ksa?d]n.一氧化物notice[?n??t?s]v.注意n.注意，公告NOx=nitrogenoxide氮氧化合物point[p??nt]n.點，尖端v.指向，表明ppm=partspermillion百萬分率ratio['re??i??]n.比，比率rich[r?t?]adj.濃的stoichiometric[?st??k??'metr?k]adj.化學計算的，（發(fā)動機混合氣）理論（配比）的本課新單詞（二）cycle[?sa?k(?)l]n.周期，周；循環(huán)；回路differential[?d?f??ren?(?)l]adj.差動（的）；（有）差別［異］的n.差速器differentialpressuretransducer壓差傳感器downstream[?da?n?stri?m]adj.下游［流］（的），后段［置］的adv.下游［流］（地）downstreamhose下游軟管duty['dju?ti]n.運行，工作；負載，功用dutycycleoutput占空比輸出EGR（exhaust-gasrecirculation）valveEGR［排氣再循環(huán)］閥EVR［EGRvacuumregulator］EGR真空度調(diào)節(jié)器exhaustgas排氣feedback[?fi?db?k]n.反饋intakevacuum進氣真空metering['mi?t?r??]n.測量，計量meteringorifice計量孔orifice[??r?f?s]n.孔PCM動力系控制模塊pressuresignalinput壓力信號輸入regulator[?reɡjule?t?(r)]n.調(diào)節(jié)器，（門玻璃）升降器transducer[tr?nz?dju?s?(r)]n.傳感器（sensor）upstreamhose上游軟管EmissionControlsTheemissioncontrolsontoday’scarsandtrucksareanintegralpartoftheengineandenginecontrolsystem.Perhapsitisbettertosaythattheelectroniccontrolsystemsarereallyemissioncontrolsystems.Thedrivetohavecleanerandmorefuel-efficientvehicleshasledtomanyofthecontrolsystemsnowinplace.Thesesystemshavealsocontributedtosignificantin-creasesinpowerandreliabilityandimproveddriveability.閱讀材料閱讀材料排放物控制現(xiàn)在小汽車與貨車的排放控制裝置是發(fā)動機和發(fā)動機電控系統(tǒng)的一個整體部分。把電控系統(tǒng)理解為是一個對排放進行控制的系統(tǒng)也許更合適。能開上更環(huán)保、更經(jīng)濟的車輛的要求，使得更多的控制系統(tǒng)介入。這些系統(tǒng)同樣對動力與可靠性有很大的提升作用，并且改善了駕駛性能。生詞短語注解cleaner[?kli?n?(r)]n.濾清器，清潔器contribute[k?n'tr?bj?t]v.有助于driveability[dra?v?'b?l?ti]n.駕駛性能efficient[?'f??(?)nt]adj.有效的，效率高的improve[?m?pru?v]v.改善，改進increase['??kri?s]n.增加lead[li?d]n.引（導）線；引導perhaps[p??h?ps]adv.也許，大概reliability[r??la??'b?l?ti]n.可靠性［度］significant[s?ɡ'n?f?k?nt]adj.重要的，有效的today[t?'de?]n.現(xiàn)在，現(xiàn)今adv.今天integral[??nt?ɡr?l]adj.完整的，整體的練習題dutycyclepressuresignalmeteringorificeair-fuelratiomixturerichmixtureleanmixturefuelpressureregulatorcanisterpurgevalveCPRV稀混合氣燃油壓力調(diào)節(jié)器濃混合氣炭罐清除電磁閥炭罐清除控制閥占空比壓力信號計量孔混合氣空燃比1.單詞或詞組英漢連線練習題2.英譯漢TranslatethephrasebelowFigure3-8.翻譯如圖3-8所示下面的詞組。airintake

；ambientair

；vaporformfueltank

.1）carboncanister

2）canister-purgevalve

3）fueltank

4）throttlevalve

5）intakemanifold

練習題3．

漢譯英1）電磁閥

2）占空比

3）信號輸出

4）動力系（powertrain）控制模塊

5）進氣歧管絕對壓力傳感器

6）再循環(huán)

7）稀混合氣

8）一氧化物

9）氮氧化合物

10）百萬分率

3-4SparkPlug、IntakeandExhaustSystems火花塞與進排氣系統(tǒng)ENALISH1centerelectrode（US）中心電極2groundorsideelectrode搭鐵電極或旁電極3insulator絕緣子4resistor電阻器5seal密封劑6steelshell鋼殼7terminal端子8thread螺紋tointakemanifold到進氣歧管ambientair周圍空氣1aircleaner[filter]空氣濾清器2exhaustmanifold排氣歧管3intakehose進氣軟管4intakemanifold進氣歧管5dualexhaustpipe雙排氣管6threewaycatalyticconverter三元催化轉(zhuǎn)化器7centermuffler中消聲器8mainmuffler主消聲器9insulation隔熱層10ceramicmonolithic陶瓷單塊載體11case殼12element，cleanerelement濾芯paperelement紙質(zhì)濾芯13aircleanerhousingcover，aircleanercap[cover]空氣濾清器蓋14aircleanerbowl[box，housing]空氣濾清器殼15airinletunitwithsieve帶濾網(wǎng)的進氣管組件intakeducting進氣管ambient['?mb??nt]adj.周圍的n.周圍環(huán)境ducting['d?kt??]n.管道，導管bowl[b??l]n.碗形物，杯，盤paper['pe?p?]adj.紙（制）的n.紙，文件element['el?m?nt]n.濾芯，元件sieve[s?v]n.濾網(wǎng)v.濾，篩sieve[?k?t?'l?t?k]adj.催化的n.催化劑converter[k?n?v??t?(r)]n.（排氣催化）轉(zhuǎn)化器，變換器，（變速器）變矩器monolithic[m?n?'l?θ?k]adj.整［單］體的，單塊［片］（的）n.單塊集成電路sketch[sket?]n.草圖，略圖way[we?]n.路線，通路AirCleaner/FilterTheprimarypurposeoftheairfilteristopreventairbornecontaminantsandabrasivesfromenteringthecylinders.Thesecontaminantscancauseseriousdamageandsignificantlyreduceen-ginelife.Therefore,allintakeairshouldpassthroughthefilterbeforeenteringtheengine.Theairfilterisinsideasealedaircleanerassembly.Thisassemblyalsodirectstheairflowandreducesthenoisecausedbythemovementofintakeair.TheaircleaneralsoprovidesfilteredairtothePCVsystemandprovidesenginecompartmentfireprotectionintheeventofbackfire.閱讀材料空氣濾清器空氣濾清器的主要作用是濾去空氣中的雜質(zhì)與砂粒，以阻止其進入氣缸。這些雜質(zhì)與砂粒如果進入氣缸會給發(fā)動機帶來嚴重損傷并嚴重地縮短發(fā)動機的使用壽命。所以任何氣缸的進氣必須首先通過濾清器。空氣濾清器是安裝在一個封閉的空氣濾清器總成里的?？諝鉃V清器總成同時能對空氣起導流作用并減輕進氣的噪聲。空氣濾清器還能向PCV系統(tǒng)供給已過濾的