人教版(2024)八年級下冊英語Unit1-8各單元語法講義動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“to+動詞原形”,其中to不是介詞，而是動詞不定式的符號，稱為小品詞，有時要省略。否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即nottodosth.。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中可起到名詞、形容詞或副詞的作用，可以作主語、表語、賓語、補足語、定語或狀語等。二、接不定式的詞1.wanttodosth想要做某事12.agreetodosth同意做某事2.wouldliketodosth想要做某事13.decidetodosth決定做某事3.helptodosth幫助做某事14.beabletodosth能夠做某事4.liketodosth喜歡做某事15.refusetodosth拒絕做某事5.hopetodosth希望做某事16.promisetodosth承諾做某事6.wishtodosth希望做某事17.beabletodosth能夠做某事7.expecttodosth期望做某事18.bereadytodosth準(zhǔn)備做某事8.needtodosth需要做某事19.besuretodosth一定做某事9.plantodosth計劃做某事20.affordtodosth付得起、承擔(dān)得起做某事10.seemtodosth似乎做某事21.managetodosth設(shè)法做成某事11.learntodosth學(xué)會做某事22.offertodosth主動提供做某事三、接不定式作賓語補足語的詞1.asksbtodosth要求某人做某事10.teachsbtodosth教某人做某事2.helpsbtodosth幫助某人做某事11.tellsbtodosth告訴某人做某事3.wantsbtodosth想要某人做某事12.invitesbtodosth邀請某人做某事4.wishsbtodosth希望某人做某事13.allowsbtodosth允許某人做某事5.expectsbtodosth期望某人做某事14.encouragesbtodosth鼓勵某人做某事6.needsbtodosth需要某人做某事15.warnsbtodosth警告某人做某事7.ordersbtodosth命令某人做某事16.forcesbtodosth強迫某人做某事8.promisesbtodosth承諾某人做某事17.advisesbtodosth建議某人去做某事9.waitforsbtodosth等待某人做某事四、接動名詞做賓語的詞(動賓)1.enjoydoingsth喜歡做某事7.keepdoingsth保持做某事2.finishdoingsth完成做某事8.havefundoingsth開心做某事3.minddoingsth介意做某事9.avoiddoingsth避免做某事6.feellikedoingsth想要做某事12.suggestdoingsth建議做某事五、作介詞的賓語(介賓)3.thankyoufordoingsth感謝做某事12.Whatabout/Howaboutdoingsth?做…怎么樣?4.giveupdoingsth放棄做某事13.beafraidofdoingsth害怕做某事5.be/getusedtodoingsth習(xí)慣于做某事14.benervousofdoingsth緊張做某事6.begoodatdoingsth擅長于做某事15.bebusydoingsth忙于做某事8.havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing有困難做某事17.succeedindoingsth成功做某事9.payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事六、既可以接動詞不定式，也可以接動名詞形式，但意義上有差別的詞1.stoptodosth停下來去做另一件事7.trytodosth設(shè)法/盡力做某事2.stopdoingsth停止正在做的事8.trydoingsth嘗試做某事3.forgettodosth忘記做某事(事情沒有做)9.meantodosth打算或想要做某事4.forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事(事情已經(jīng)做了)10.meandoingsth意味著做某事5.remembertodosth記住做某事(事情沒有做)11.regrettodosth遺憾去做某事(未做)6.rememberdoingsth記得做過某事(事情已經(jīng)做了)12.regretdoingsth后悔做某事(已做)七、其它1.letsbdosth讓某人做某事4.seesbdoingsth看著某人正在做某事2.makesbdosth使某人做某事5.hearsbdosth聽見某人做某事3.seesbdosth看見某人做某事6.hearsbdoingsth聽著某人正在做某事7.watchsbdosth觀看某人做某事八、助記※常接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞《表白篇》喜歡想要去告訴(like、want/wouldlike、tell)邀請似乎無發(fā)生(invite、seem、happen)開始決定去學(xué)習(xí)(begin/start、decide、learn)8.watchsbdoingsth觀看某人正在做某事※接動名詞做賓語的詞《減肥篇》費時練習(xí)保體形(spend、practice、keep)九、四種句型句型1:It+be+adj./n.+forsb.+todosth.該句型中的形容詞通常表示事物的特點或特征，如：difficult,hard,easy,impossible,necessary,important等，此時用句型2:It+be+adj/n.+ofsb.+todosth.該句型中的形容詞通常表示人的性格特征或特點，如nice,good,bad,kind,silly,foolish,wise,clever,careless,rude,brave,cruel,careful,grateful等，這時要用of。如：意為：足夠…做某事。如：Iwastiredenoughtofallasleepjustnow.【實戰(zhàn)演練】一、用括號中動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。4.Haveyoufinishedreading(read)the6.Whydoyoukeepchanging9.Mymotheroftenasks10.Iwanttotravel(travel)aroundt12.Sheoughttobepraisedinsteadof15.Hedecided16.You'dbetter22.Whydidyoumakeyourbrotherwait24.Throughthewindow,Isawsomeboysplaying(pl26.Howlongdidittakeyou30.It'sgoingtorain(rain);you'dbettertake(take)anumbrel二、單項選擇(C)1.—CouldyouteachmehowA.makeB.makingC.tomak(B)2.OurteachertolduA.listenB.tolistenC.listened(D)3.—Whatdoyouexpectfromyourhardwork?—Nothing,IjustwanttotrymyA.getB.gotC.getting(D)4.WeshouldoftenpracticeA.tospeakB.spokeCA.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff(C)6.I'veheardhimabA.spokeB.speaksC.speakD.speaking(B)7.Tony,wouldyougoandseeif(B)8.—Ithinkyoushouldstop.A.tosendB.sendingC.sentA.toimproveB.improvingC.improvedA.playB.playsC.playingA.borrowB.borrowedC.borrows(A)13.LucydecidedA.tojoinB.joiningC.joinedD.joinsA.helpB.tohelp第5頁共49頁A.spendB.havespent(B)16.MymotheroftentoldmeboA.nottowatchB.nottoreadC.(A)17.Haveyouforgotten$1000frommelastmonth?WillA.borrowing;tobringB.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringingA.workB.workingC.workedA.listenB.tolistenC.listens(C)20.ItisnoteasyA.studiesB.study(A)21.WestoppedA.tolistenB.listensC.listen(D)22.MyparentsalwaystellmemoreveA.eatB.eatingA.goB.hadgoneC.hasg(A)24.ThoughhehadoftenmadeA.cryB.cryingA.towaitB.waitC.waitingA.going...tohaveB.togo...tohaveC.togo...having(B)28.Mrs.B(C)29.MybrotherkeepsA.tohelpB.helpC.helpingA.eatingB.toeatA.talkB.beingtalkC.totalk(B)32.ItisdifficA.sleepB.tos(B)33.HeisverybusyA.towriteB.writingC.writeA.notbeingableB.beingnotable(C)35.JohnregrettedmoneytoPeterbecauselaterJohnlearA.lendB.tolend(D)36.Pleasestop1.It'sverykind4.It'sverywiseofyoutodoitforme.5.Itiscleveroftheboytofinishtheworkusingatool.7.ItisveryimportantTheclassroomisbig2.對于我們來說，護理一頭短發(fā)很簡單。3.鄧?yán)蠋熀芨吲d收到了禮物。4.留短發(fā)對于做運動是很便利的。Keepingshorthairisconvenientor5.你離開他是很明智的。6.你能幫我，真好。7.我需要你幫我學(xué)英語。Ineedyoutohelpme8.我請媽媽給我買了一個書包。9.對那個女孩來說，移動那個重包是困難的。(Itis+adj.+for+n/pron.+to+v.) It'sdifficultforthegirlto10.那個人足夠富，可以買下那個大房子。(adj.+enough+to+v.) 11.幫我找到那個公園，你太好了。(Itis+adj.+of+n/pron.+to+v.) It'sniceofyoutohelpmetofi12.對我來說，回答你這個問題太簡單了。(Itis+adj.+for+n/pron.+to+v.) 第9頁共49頁Unit2表示建議的情態(tài)動詞(could,should)、反身代詞一、情態(tài)動詞could的用法could引導(dǎo)的疑問句的兩大功能：不表示時態(tài)，僅表示語氣，也可換作can或may1.表示委婉地請求某人做某事肯定回答：Yes,sure./Yes,Ican./Ofcourse,Ican./Noproblem./Withpleasure...否定回答：Sorry,Ican't.Ihaveto—Yes,sure.好的，當(dāng)然可以?！狪'mafraidIcan't.Ihavetogotoworknow.恐怕不行。我現(xiàn)在得去上班了。2.表示委婉地請求別人允許自己做某事—CouldIwatchTVnow?現(xiàn)在我可以看電視嗎?—Couldwecomein,MissLiu?劉老師，我們可以進來嗎?—Sorry,youcan't.對不起，你們不可以。請你不要做某事好嗎?(暗含委婉批評之意)—Sorry,I'Tlgo.對不起，我這就走。①could是can的過去式，表示過去的能力。當(dāng)他是一個孩子的時候，他就會說許多英語單詞。②表示驚訝、懷疑，用于否定句或疑問句中，語氣比can弱，不表示時態(tài)。③表示肯定的推測，但可能性較小。ThesweatercouldbeMike's.Helkesblue.這件毛衣可能是邁克的。他喜歡藍(lán)色。④表示建議，通常用第二人稱作主語，不代表時態(tài)。⑤用于wish后的賓語從句中，從虛擬語氣。二、情態(tài)動詞should的用法情態(tài)動詞should,意“應(yīng)該”,后接動詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。常用來表示征詢意見、建議、勸告、要求和義務(wù)等。1.表示提出意見或建議2.表示命令、責(zé)備、要求3.表示推測和可能性4.表示責(zé)任或義務(wù)5.表示說話人的感情，如驚訝、憤怒、失望等肯定句主語+should+動詞原形+其它.否定句主語+should+not+動詞原形+其它.一般疑問句特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+should+主語+動詞原形+其它?三、情態(tài)動詞的其他用法第11頁共49頁①責(zé)任、義務(wù)；②意志①征求意見或提出請求；②許諾、命令；③必須①勸告、建議和命令；②應(yīng)該表示忠告【實戰(zhàn)演練】A.shouldB.canC.mA.shouldB.couldC.haveA.ShouldB.HaveyouhelpmemovethesofatomorA.Should;shouldB.ShouC.Can;could-Howaboutbuyingabasketball.HelikesplayingbasketballA.shouldB.couldC.mightA.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.needn'tD.wouldn'tB.Could;canD.SA.shouldn'tB.couldn't(C.needn'tD.wouldn't第12頁共49頁A.canB.cou(A)11.ModernmedicineisdevelopingquickA.maynotB.mustn'tC.needA.mustn'tB.shouldn'tC.can'tD.needn't(A)14.-MustIsA.needn'tB.can'tC.mustA.shouldB.shouldn'tC.canD.mustn'tA.MustB.CouldC.ShouldA.shouldB.shouldn'tC.needD.needn'tA.shouldB.mustC.mayA.mightB.wouldC.coul(B)21.-._yA.MustB.CouldC.NeedA.couldB.canC.A.MustB.CouldC.Should第13頁共49頁1.定義：反身代詞是指代主語自身的代詞，核心作用是強調(diào)“主語自己”或“動作作用于自身”,不能單獨作主語。形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞工2.常見的固定搭配①byoneself【獨自、靠自己】Hefinishedtheprojectbyhimself.⑤teachoneself=learn.…byoneself【教某人自己】MybrotherteacheshimselfJapaneseeveryevening.⑨dressoneself【自己穿衣服】Asateenager,youshouldbeoldenoughtodressyourself.⑩introduceoneslf【介紹自己】IfeltnervouswhenIhadtointroducemyselfinfrontofsomanystrangers.一.單項選擇：(反身代詞針對性練習(xí))A.herselfB.herC.sheD.herselfsA.usB.ourselvesC.ourA.myselfB.meC.myD.I第14頁共49頁A.himB.hisC.himselfD.heA.yourselfB.youC.yourD.yoursA.my;myselfB.my;mineC.me;myselfD.me;mineA.myselfB.yourselfC.herselfD.himself(C)8.TeachersofteA.ourselvesB.yourse(B)9.-Mybestfriendismorepopularthanme.Iwanttobelikeh-It'snotnecessarytobethesame.YoushouldjustbeA.himselfB.yourselfC.myselfA.youB.yourselfC.meD.myselfA.himselfB.myselfC.herselfD.yourself(C)12.-WheredidyougetthetoyA.myselfB.himselfC.herselfD.yourself(C)13.Believein_A.youB.yourC.yourself(A)14.FenghuangAncientTownisabeautifulplacA.yourselfB.himselfC.herselfA.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself(D)16.ThemotherA.hersB.herselfC.hisD.himself(A)17.Maryisabooklover.ShecouldrA.herselfB.himselfC.themselves(C)18.Tokeepsafe,A.myselfB.herselfC.yourselfA.myselfB.himselfC.herself(D)21.StudentsshouldlearnsomelivinA.herselfB.himselfC.yourselvesD.themselvesA.herselfBC.itselfC.myselfA.usB.ourC.ourselvesA.himself;himB.him;himselfC.himself;himselfD.him;himA.yourselfB.yourselvesC.themselvesD.ourselves二、用括號內(nèi)反身代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.Thecatwashed_its2.MyparentsandImadethebirthday3.Boysandgirls,pleaseintroduceyourselves(you)toyourne4.TomandLily,didyouhurtyourselves(you)whenclimbingthe6.Couldyouhelpmecle8.Yoursisteristooyoung,soshecan'tgotoschoolby9.Don'tworry.Wecansolveourproblemsby.三、單項選擇題：(代詞混合練習(xí))A.YouB.YourC.YoursD.Yourself第15頁共49頁A.ThemB.TheyC.TheA.myB.I(D)5.ThesebooksareA.weB.usC.ourD.(C)6.Mr.Wangteaches_A.weB.ourC.us -Sure!Butit'smoreimporta C.me;youD.me;yourself四、用括號內(nèi)代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：4.Tomlosthis(he)newnotebookthismorn5.Thelittlebirdhurt9.Wefixedthebrokendesksallby.oursUnit3連詞(although,unt第16頁共49頁①連詞until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，用于肯定句時，主句的謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動她常常在田里干活直到天黑直到他媽媽到家，他才上床睡覺。②no.….unti..意為“直到…才…”,主句的謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞。若主句為一般將來時，until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。②sothat意為“因此，結(jié)果”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，從句中通常不用情態(tài)動他努力學(xué)習(xí)，結(jié)果通過了考試。①連詞although(=though/eventhough)意為“雖然，盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，盡管你身體強壯，但你舉不起那個重袋子。他雖然病了，但還是繼續(xù)工作。②although/though與but不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個英語句子里，但可以與still或yet同時出現(xiàn)。雖然外面很熱，但那位農(nóng)民仍在田地里勞動。【實戰(zhàn)演練】2.為了從網(wǎng)上下載信息，他買了一臺電腦。Heboughtacomputersothathecouldd 二、用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1.Althoughtheymaynotsucceed,they2.Hewillcomehererightawayassoon3.Tomknewnothingaboutituntil(B)1.Musicisn'tSally'smaininteA.butB.soC.orA.fromB.untilC.for(D)3.—Howdoyoulikeyournewschool,A.ifB.sinceC.unlessD.although(A)4.Ididn'taccepthishelpIwanteA.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.unless(A)5.IlookedthroughmytestpaperagainandaA.sothatB.assoonasA.untilB.sinceC.whiletheworkisdifficult,alltheworkersarekeepingonworkin第18頁共49頁第19頁共49頁A.ButB.AlthoughC.And(C)8.Wedidn'tknoweachotheratthattimA.becauseB.sinceC.butD.if(B)9.WeturnedonthelightA.howB.sothatC.inordertoA.sothatB.assoonasC.becauseD.if(B)11.—Didyouwinthegameyesterday?A.IfB.ThoughC.unlessD.Because(D)12.Iwillstaywithyouthedoctorcomestohelpyou.A.afterB.ifC.unlessD.until(A)13.heispoorA.Although;/B.Although;butC.Because;soD.When;yet(B)14.he'stired,_A.Although;butB.Although;/C./;althoughD.But;/(D)15.MikefeelshappyeverydayA.ifB.soC.becauseD.although(C)16.Tomdidn'thavedinnerhismothercamebackfroA.whileB.unlessC.untilA.inordertoB.soasto(D)18.“Awhiteelephant”meanssomethingthatisuseless,A.unlessB.untilC.since例句咱們做某事吧咱們?nèi)ベ徫锇蒆owaboutplayingbasket打籃球怎么樣?你最好不要看這樣的書(你)為什么不做某事呢?為什么不問你的老師呢?肯定答語：好主意。/那是個好主意③Sure/Ofcourse/Certainly!W當(dāng)然/為什么不呢?/我愿意。④Noproblem.沒問題。①Thatsoundsboring.那聽起來很無聊。②I'mafraid..我恐怕…③Whatapity.多遺憾!④I'dloveto,but..我很愿意，但是….⑤Noway.絕對不行；沒門兒。一、單項選擇gotothemovieswithm第21頁共49頁Itsnameistheslogan(口號)ofBeiing2022OlympicWinterGames.(C)3.-WhynotgA.NotatallB.In A.You'rewelcomeB.That'sagoodideaC.Don'tworryD.It(B)5.-WouldyouliketovisittheNationalScienceMuseumwithmetoA.SeeyouthenB.SoundsniceA.tohaveB.hadC.haveA.dressesB.dressingC.todressD.dress(A)8.Let'sanoise,someoneissleeping.A.notmakeB.nomakingC.nottomakeD.(A)9.WhataboutdoublequantitiesofeveryA.buyingB.buyC.bought一、形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級1.概念：大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級①原級，即原形其中，比較級用于兩者(人或事物)之間的比較，說明“前者比后者更(不)規(guī)則變化節(jié)詞或部分雙詞一般情況在詞尾加-er/-est以字母e結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-r/-st以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾+輔音字母的詞雙寫后一個輔音字母，再加-er/-est以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，改y為i,再加-er/est多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞，在詞前加more/most不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級3.形容詞和副詞比較級的七大用法：(1)A+動詞+比較+than+B.A比B…(2)疑問詞(短語)+動詞+比較級(AorB)A和B,…更…?Whichshirtisbetter,thepurpleoneorthewhiteone?紫色的和白色的，哪件襯衫更好?Whostudiesharder,JackorMike?杰克和邁克，誰學(xué)習(xí)更努力?(3)A+動詞+the+比較級+ofthetcindyisthethinnerofthetwosister.辛迪是兩姐妹中較瘦的那個。單音節(jié)：比較級+and+比較級Ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.我們的國家正變得越來越強大。多音節(jié)：more+and+more+原級Heworksmoreandmorecarefully.他工作得越來越仔細(xì)。(5)the+比較級+主語+謂語，the+比較級+主語+謂語越…就越…there.你越早動身，就能越早到那里。(6)比較級前可以用far/much/alot(多),alittle/abit(一點兒),even(更)等表示程度的單詞/短語來修飾。(比較級修飾詞口決：兩多兩少一甚至)4.形容詞和副詞最高級的五大用法(1)A+動詞+(the)+形容詞/副詞最高級+in/of短語A是…中最…的。Whichisthebiggest,thesun,theearthorthemoon?太陽、地球與月亮，哪一個最大?Whosings(the)best,Tom,JackorPeter?湯姆、杰克與彼得，誰唱得最好?(3)最高級前可以用序數(shù)詞修飾，the+序數(shù)詞+最高級+名詞單數(shù)，表示“第幾……”TheYangtzeRiveristhethirdlongestriverintheworld.長江是世界上的第三長河。(4)最高級前有形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格修飾時，前面不再用theMybestfriendisgoodatEnglish.我最好的朋友擅長英語。(5)oneofthe+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)最……的……之一world.北京是世界上最美的城市之一。4.比較等級之間的同義轉(zhuǎn)換(1)原級與比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換(2)比較級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換(3)比較級與最高級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換Theboyisthemostseriousintheclass.這個男孩是班里最認(rèn)真的。=Theboyismoreseriousthananyotherstudentintheclass.這個男孩比班里其他任何一個學(xué)生都認(rèn)真。=Theboyismoreseriousthantheotherstudentsintheclass.這個男孩比班里其他學(xué)生認(rèn)真。=Nobody/Nooneismoreseriousthantheboyintheclass.班里沒有人比這個男孩更認(rèn)真。(4)原級表達(dá)最高級Therearenoman-madeobjectsintheworldasbigastheGreatWall.世界上沒有和長城一樣大的人造物體了。1.大數(shù)(1000以上)的表達(dá)將基數(shù)詞從右至左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個逗點(或隔一個字符)以把數(shù)目分成若干段。2.大數(shù)的讀法大數(shù)中從右至左數(shù)第一個逗點前的數(shù)為thousand(千),第二個逗點前的一數(shù)為millon(百萬),第三個逗點前的數(shù)為bilion(十億)。9,213ninethousand,tw38,473thirty-eightthousand,fourhundred第24頁共49頁18,369,174eighteenmillion,threehundreda注意①英語中沒有“萬”這個單位，表示“萬”借用thousand,如②在hundred后通常加上連詞and。若讀數(shù)中百位數(shù)為0,則在thousand后加and.一、單項選擇題.(A)1.Withthedevelopmentof5Gtechnology,ourdailyliveshavebecoA.moreandmoreconvenientB.themostconvenient-Yes!IthinkitisthegaA.excitingB.(A)3.WithahigA.easierB.easilierC.moreeasyD.mo(C)4.-What'stheriA.longB.longerC.lon(A)5.TheearlierwetakeactiontoprotA.betterB.bestC.worse(C)6.Ourschoollifehasbecomethanbeforebecauseofallkindsofafter-schoolactivities.A.colorfulB.colortullyA.longB.longerC.longest(A)8.-Whodoyouthinkwillwintherace,BoborTom?-ItmustbeBob.IthinkheruA.fasterB.fastestC.moreA.TheharderB.HarderC.ThehardestD.ThehardA.beautifullyB.morebeautifullyC.less(B)11.Aftertakingtennisclasses,TimismuA.strongB.strongerC.strongestD.thestron(C)12.-IsyourhairasasMary'sA.long;longB.longer;longA.coolB.cooler(D)14.LuXunisoneofA.greatB.greaterC.grea(D)15.KatieisofthethrA.youngB.youngerC.theyoungerD.theyoun(D)16.-AreyougoingtorideyourA.convenientB.mA.excitingB.moreexcitingA.popularB.morepopularC.themostpopularA.morepopularB.themostpopularC.moredifficultD.themostdifficult(C)20.Uncle,couldyoute A.less;less