2021屆鎮(zhèn)海中學高三8月開學英語模擬考選擇題部分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題:每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置聽完每段對話后.你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whojoinedthecompanyrecently?A.Somephotographers.B.Anartdirector.C.Somedesigners.2.Whatarespeakerstalkingabout?A.Theirfavoritecolor.B.Theclothesthemaniswearing.C.Apresentthemanhasbought.3.Whenwillthemanmakeaphonecalltothewoman?A.On12th.B.On14th.C.On15th.4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Excited.B.Frightened.C.Calm.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheagreeswiththeman.B.Shedoesn’tknowwhoKimis.C.Kimdoesn’tdeservetobeonthecommittee.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小、題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Visitorandhostess.CNeighbors.7.Whatdidn’tthemando?A.Hesetthetable.B.Hehelpedcookthedishes.C.Hetastedthedish.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whendohurricanesmostlikelyhappeninthewoman’scountry?A.Insummer.B.Inautumn.C.Inwinter.9.Howmanypeoplelosttheirlivesinthestrongesthurricane?A.16.B.18.C.19.10.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Shehadanarrowescape.B.Shewasstuckbyatree.C.Shedidn’texperiencethehurricane.聽第8段材料.回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheman’sfinaldestination?A.SaltLakeCity,B.NewYorkCity,C.Helsinki,12.Whatistheflightnumberforthesecondhalfoftheman’sjourney?A.Flight90.B.Flight980.C.Flight1070.13Whatrequestdidthemanmakeregardinghisflight?A.Herequestedadiscount.B.Heaskedforspecially-preparedmeals.C.Hewantedawindowseat.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Howdothespeakersknoweachother?A.Theirkidsaregoodfriends.B.Theyareoldfriends.C.Theyjustmet.15.Whenwillthespeakershavedinner?A.OnMondaynight.B.OnTuesdaynightC.OnWednesdaynight.16.WhoisAlex?A.Thewoman’shusbandB.Thewoman’skidC.Theman’sson17.Whatwillthewomanbringfordinner?A.Asaladandadessert.B.Someicecreamandasalad.C.Adessertandapastadish.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Anewtreatmentforcancer.B.Howtodealwithstress.C.Whystresscancausecancer.19.Whatmaymakepeoplefeelstressedaccordingtothetalk?A.Notmuchfreetime.B.Attitudetowardmoney.C.Lackoffriends.20.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkweshoulddo?A.Learntokeepourfeelingsinside.B.Workashardasyoucan.C.Communicatemorewithpeople.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)(共10個小小題:每小題題2.5分，滿分25分)閱讀下列短文.從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項.并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。ANo.It’sasimpleword,butitcanbesodifficulttosay.Whetherit’safavoraskedbyafriend,orevenanunethicalrequestfromacolleague,manypeoplewillsay“yes”becausetheyhatetoletothersdownandsaying“no”makesthemfeeluncomfortable.Andweworrythatsayingnowillchangethewaytheotherpersonviewsus.Ifyouhaveareputationofbeingahelpfulandaccommodatingperson,itisevenhardertosaynobecauseyoudon’twanttohurtthatgoodreputation,saysAdamGrant,aprofessoratTheWhartonSchooloftheUniversityof“Every‘no’isamissedopportunitytomakeadifferenceandbuildarelationship,”GrantwroteinacolumnforTheHuffingtonPost.Sayingnoisarejectionandalotoftimesitdoeshurtfeelings.Butevenso,psychologistssay,mostpeopleprobablywon’ttakeour“no”asbadlyaswethinktheywill.That’sbecauseofsomethingcalleda“harshnessbias(嚴重性偏向心理)”—ourtendencytobelieveotherswilljudgeusmoreseverelythantheyactuallydo.Forthosepeoplepleasers,Grantsaysthere’sabigdifferencebetweenpleasingpeopleandhelpingthem.“Beingagiverisnotaboutsayingyestoallofthepeopleallofthetimetoalloftherequests.It’saboutsayingyestosomeofthepeople(generousgiverswhowillreturnyourfavor,butnotnecessarilytheselfishtakers)someofthetime(whenitwon’tcompromiseyourowngoalsandambitions)tosomeofrequests(whenyouhaveresourcesorskillsthatareuniquelyrelevant).”Alwayssayingyescanmakeusovercommittedandputusundertoomuchpressure.Sayingnohelpsusprotectourownpriorities,psychologistJudithSillstoldTheWallStreetJournal.Anotherimportantreasontosayno,Sillssays,isitkeepsusfromgivingintopeerpressure.“Tohaveyourownvalues,sometimesyouhavetosay‘no’topeoplewithwhomyoudon’tagree,”Sillssays.1.Theunderlinedword“unethical”inparagraph1isclosetinmeaningto__________.A.proper B.unacceptable C.moral D.illegal2.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Sayingyesisnotnecessarilysatisfactory.B.Weshouldalwayssayyestothegenerousgivers.C.Weshouldsayyestosomerequestsfromsomeofthepeoplesometime.D.Sayingyestootherpeople’srequestsshouldbeforbiddenforyourownbenefits.3.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowards“sayingno”？A.Concerned. B.Suspicious. C.Supportive. D.Optimistic.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】這是一篇說明文?！安弧笔且粋€簡單的詞，但有時候人們可能很難說出口，因為他們不喜歡讓別人失望，說“不”會讓他們感到不舒服。對此心理學家說，大多數(shù)人可能不會像我們想象的那樣把我們的“不”看得那么嚴重。但是總是說“是”會讓我們過度承諾，讓我們承受太多壓力。作者支持人們說“不”。【1題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)后文manypeoplewillsay“yes”becausetheyhatetoletothersdownandsaying“no”makesthemfeeluncomfortable.可知很多人會答應(yīng)別人的要求，因為他們不愿意讓別人失望，說“不”讓他們感到不舒服。由此可知，劃線詞所在的句子Whetherit’safavoraskedbyafriend,orevenanunethicalrequestfromacolleague意思是無論是朋友要求的幫忙，甚至是同事的不可接受的要求。劃線詞意思為“不可接受的”。A.proper適當?shù)模籅.unacceptable不可接受的；C.moral道德的；D.illegal非法的。故選B。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Sayingnoisarejectionandalotoftimesitdoeshurtfeelings.Butevenso,psychologistssay,mostpeopleprobablywon’ttakeour“no”asbadlyaswethinktheywill.可知說“不”就是一種拒絕，很多時候這會傷感情。但即便如此，心理學家說，大多數(shù)人可能不會像我們想象的那樣把我們的“不”看得那么嚴重。由此可推知，說“是”不一定能令人滿意。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Alwayssayingyescanmakeusovercommittedandputusundertoomuchpressure.Sayingnohelpsusprotectourownpriorities,psychologistJudithSillstoldTheWallStreetJournal.Anotherimportantreasontosayno,Sillssays,isitkeepsusfromgivingintopeerpressure.“Tohaveyourownvalues,sometimesyouhavetosay‘no’topeoplewithwhomyoudon’tagree,”Sillssays.可知總是說“是”會讓我們過度承諾，讓我們承受太多壓力。心理學家JudithSills告訴《華爾街日報》，說“不”有助于我們保護自己優(yōu)先考慮的事情。Sills說，說“不”的另一個重要原因是，它能防止我們屈服于同輩壓力。“為了擁有自己的價值觀，有時候你必須對不同意的人說‘不’，”Sills說。由此可推知，作者支持“說不”。故選C。BThroughouthistory,humanshaveplayedsomekindofkickinggame.Whattheworldnowcallsfootball,orsoccerintheUS,beganasfarbackas2500B.C.withtheChinesegameoftsuchu.ThesportweknowtodayoriginatedinBritain.Bythe1840s,England’sFootballAssociationestablishedasetofrules,andthemoderngamewasborn.Today,morethan120millionplayersallovertheglobeparticipateinthegame,trulymakingsoccertheworld’ssport.So,whyissoccersopopular?Maybeit’sthegame’scamaraderie:thefeelingthattheteamonthefieldisyourteam;theirwinisyourvictory,andtheirlossisyourdefeat.Ormaybeit’sthegame’sinternationalquality.IncountrieslikeFrance,England,Spain,andBrazil,majorteamshaveplayersfrommanydifferentnations,andtheseclubsnowhavefansallovertheworld.Orperhapsit’sthepromiseofgreatwealth.Anumberofprofessionalsoccerplayers,includingCameroon’sSamuelEto’oandPortugal’sCristianoRonaldo,comefrompoorfamilies.Today,bothoftheseplayersmakemillionsofeuroseveryyear.Soccerispopularforallofthesereasons,butultimately,themainreasonforitsuniversalappealmaybethis:It’sasimplegame.Itcanbeplayedanywherewithanything—aball,acan,orevensomebagstiedtogether.Andanyonecanplayit.“Youdon’tneedtoberich...toplaysoccer,”sayshistorianPeterAlegi.“Yourjustneedaflatspaceandaball.Butjoiningaprofessionalteamandmakingalotofmoneyisn’tthemainreasonthatsoccerissopopularalloverAfrica,sayAbubakariAbdul-Ganiyu,ateacherwhoworkswithyouthclubsinTamale,Ghana.“Socceristhepassionofeveryonehere,”hesays,“Itunifiesus.“Infact,morethanonce,thegamehashelpedtobringpeopletogether.InIvoryCoast,forexample,immigrantsandMuslimsfaceddiscriminationforyears.Yetmanyofthecountry’sbestsoccerplayersarefromMuslimandimmigrantfamilies.Asaresult,thenationalteamhasbecomeasymbolofunityandhashelpedtopromotepeacethroughouttheworld.4.Whatisthistextmainlyabout?A.Thehistoryofsoccer. B.Soccerclubs.C.Thepopularityofsoccer. D.HowAfricansoccerbegan.5.Whichisnotapossiblereasonforsoccer’spopularityaccordingtoparagraph2?A.Theteamspiritamongplayers.B.Famousplayersfrommanydifferentcountries.C.Thenumberofsoccergamesplayedallovertheworld.D.Thepossibilityofmakingalotofmoney.6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheIvoryCoastnationalteamisnottrue?A.Manyofitsbestplayersarefromimmigrantfamilies.B.OneofitsteachersisAbubakariAbdul-Ganiyu.C.ThereareMuslimplayersontheteam.D.Ithashelpedtopromotepeaceinthecountry.【答案】4.C5.C6.B【解析】本文是一篇說明文。今天，全世界有超過1.2億的球員參加足球這項運動，使足球真正成為一項世界運動。文章主要分析了足球受歡迎的原因，足球受歡迎的原因有很多，但歸根結(jié)底，它具有普遍吸引力的主要原因可能是:它是一項簡單的運動。還列舉了一些人對足球運動的看法?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段第一句So,whyissoccersopopular?可知那么，為什么足球這么受歡迎呢？結(jié)合文章主要說明了今天，全世界有超過1.2億的球員參加足球這項運動，使足球真正成為一項世界運動。文章主要分析了足球受歡迎的原因，足球受歡迎的原因有很多，但歸根結(jié)底，它具有普遍吸引力的主要原因可能是:它是一項簡單的運動。還列舉了一些人對足球運動的看法。由此可知，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是足球的流行。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段So,whyissoccersopopular?Maybeit’sthegame’scamaraderie:thefeelingthattheteamonthefieldisyourteam;theirwinisyourvictory,andtheirlossisyourdefeat.Ormaybeit’sthegame’sinternationalquality.IncountrieslikeFrance,England,Spain,andBrazil,majorteamshaveplayersfrommanydifferentnations,andtheseclubsnowhavefansallovertheworld.Orperhapsit’sthepromiseofgreatwealth.Anumberofprofessionalsoccerplayers,includingCameroon’sSamuelEto’oandPortugal’sCristianoRonaldo,comefrompoorfamilies.Today,bothoftheseplayersmakemillionsofeuroseveryyear.可知那么，為什么足球這么受歡迎呢？也許是比賽中的同志情誼：賽場上的團隊是你的團隊；他們的勝利就是你的勝利，他們的失敗就是你的失敗。也可能是這項運動的國際品質(zhì)。像法國、英國、西班牙和巴西這樣的國家，主要的球隊有來自不同國家的球員，這些俱樂部現(xiàn)在有來自世界各地的球迷?；蛘呤蔷薮筘敻坏某兄Z。許多職業(yè)足球運動員，包括喀麥隆的埃托奧和葡萄牙的C羅，都來自貧困家庭。如今，這兩名球員每年都能賺取數(shù)百萬歐元。由此可知，C選項“世界足球比賽的數(shù)量”不是足球流行的原因。故選C。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Butjoiningaprofessionalteamandmakingalotofmoneyisn’tthemainreasonthatsoccerissopopularalloverAfrica,sayAbubakariAbdul-Ganiyu,ateacherwhoworkswithyouthclubsinTamale,Ghana.可知但在加納塔梅爾的青年俱樂部工作的教師AbubakariAbdul-Ganiyu說，加入一個職業(yè)球隊并大賺一大筆錢并不是足球在非洲流行的主要原因。由此可知，關(guān)于科特迪瓦國家隊的陳述中，B選項“AbubakariAbdul-Ganiyu是其中一位老師”不正確。故選B。CWhenacorporationisformed,itissuesstock(股票),whichissoldorgiventoindividuals.Ownershipofstockentitlesyoutovoteintheelectionofacorporation’sdirectors,sointheoryholdersofstockcontrolthecompany.Inpractice,however,inmostlargecorporations,ownershipisseparatedfromcontrolofthefirm.Moststockholdershavelittleinputintothedecisionsacorporationmakes.Instead,corporationsareoftencontrolledbytheirmanagers,whooftenrunthemfortheirownbenefitaswellasfortheowners.Thereasonisthattheowners’controlofmanagementislimited.Alargepercentofmostcorporations’stockisnotevencontrolledbytheowners;instead,iscontrolledbyfinancialinstitutionssuchasmutualfunds(financialinstitutionsthatinvestindividuals’moneyforthem)andbypensionfunds(financialinstitutionsthatholdpeople’smoneyforthemuntilitistobepaidouttothemupontheirretirement).Thus,ownershipofICorporationsisanotherstepremovedfromindividuals.Studieshaveshownthat80percentofthelargest200corporationsintheUSareessentiallycontrolledbymanagersandhavelittleeffectivestockholdercontrol.Whyisthequestionofwhocontrolsafirmimportant?Becauseeconomictheoryassumesthegoalofbusinessownersistomaximizeprofits,whichwouldbetrueofcorporationsifstockholdersmadethedecisions.Managersdon’thavethesamemotivationtomaximizeprofitsthatownersdo.There’spressureonmanagerstomaximizeprofits,butthatpressurecanoftenbeweakorineffective.Anexampleofhowfirmsdealwiththisprobleminvolvesstockoptions.Manycompaniesgivetheirmanagersstockoptions-rightstobuystockatalowprice-toencouragethemtoworryaboutthepriceoftheircompany’sstock.Butthesestockoptionsdilute(稀釋)thevalueofcompanyownershipanddecreaseprofitspershareandcangivemanagersanincentive(激勵,刺激)tooverstateprofitsthroughaccountingtricks,ashappenedatEnron,Xerox,andanumberofotherfirms.7.Whycan’tthestockholderscontrolthecompany?A.Becausetheyareseparatedfromthemanagers.B.Becausetheyhavealittleinputinmakingdecisions.C.Becausetheyarelimitedinthecontrolofmanagement.D.Becausetheyarerestrictedtotheownershipofthecompany.8.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheownershipofcorporations?A.Ownershipiscontrolledbymanagers.B.Ownershipisseparatedfromcontrolofthecompany.C.Ownershipisremovedfromthestockholders.D.Ownershipiscontrolledbyfinancialinstitutions.9.Whatisusedtoencouragemanagerstomaximizeprofits?A.Stockoption. B.Therighttoownstock.C.Controllingpower. D.Effectivestockholdercontrol.10.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WhoControlsCorporation? B.WhenshouldtheStockbeIssued?C.ImportanceofFinancialInstitutions D.StockholdersandManagers【答案】7.C8.B9.A10.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了一家公司是由誰控制的問題，說明了公司通常是由管理者控制的，管理者經(jīng)營公司不僅是為了公司所有者的利益，也是為了公司自身的利益，以及公司主要通過股票期權(quán)來鼓勵管理者實現(xiàn)利潤最大化的現(xiàn)象?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Instead,corporationsareoftencontrolledbytheirmanagers,whooftenrunthemfortheirownbenefitaswellasfortheowners.Thereasonisthattheowners’controlofmanagementislimited.可知相反，公司通常是由管理者控制的，管理者經(jīng)營公司不僅是為了公司所有者的利益，也是為了公司自身的利益。原因是所有者對管理的控制有限。由此可知，股東不能控制公司，因為他們在管理的控制是有限的。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中Inpractice,however,inmostlargecorporations,ownershipisseparatedfromcontrolofthefirm.可知然而，實際上，在大多數(shù)大公司中，所有權(quán)和公司控制權(quán)是分開的。由此可知，B選項“公司所有權(quán)與控制權(quán)分離”正確。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Anexampleofhowfirmsdealwiththisprobleminvolvesstockoptions.Manycompaniesgivetheirmanagersstockoptions-rightstobuystockatalowprice-toencouragethemtoworryaboutthepriceoftheircompany’sstock.Butthesestockoptionsdilute(稀釋)thevalueofcompanyownershipanddecreaseprofitspershareandcangivemanagersanincentive(激勵,刺激)tooverstateprofitsthroughaccountingtricks,ashappenedatEnron,Xerox,andanumberofotherfirms.可知公司如何處理這一問題的一個例子涉及股票期權(quán)。許多公司給經(jīng)理們提供股票期權(quán)——以低價購買股票的權(quán)利——以促使他們擔心公司股票的價格。但這些股票期權(quán)會稀釋公司所有權(quán)的價值，降低每股利潤，并會激勵經(jīng)理人通過會計技巧高估利潤，就像安然、施樂和其他一些公司所發(fā)生的那樣。由此可知，用股票期權(quán)來鼓勵管理者實現(xiàn)利潤最大化。故選A?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段Whenacorporationisformed,itissuesstock(股票),whichissoldorgiventoindividuals.Ownershipofstockentitlesyoutovoteintheelectionofacorporation’sdirectors,sointheoryholdersofstockcontrolthecompany.Inpractice,however,inmostlargecorporations,ownershipisseparatedfromcontrolofthefirm.Moststockholdershavelittleinputintothedecisionsacorporationmakes.Instead,corporationsareoftencontrolledbytheirmanagers,whooftenrunthemfortheirownbenefitaswellasfortheowners.Thereasonisthattheowners’controlofmanagementislimited.可知當公司成立時，它發(fā)行股票，然后出售或贈送給個人。股票所有權(quán)使你有權(quán)投票選舉公司的董事，所以理論上股票持有者控制著公司。然而，實際上，在大多數(shù)大公司中，所有權(quán)和公司控制權(quán)是分開的。大多數(shù)股東很少參與公司的決策。相反，公司通常是由管理者控制的，管理者經(jīng)營公司不僅是為了公司所有者的利益，也是為了公司自身的利益。原因是公司所有者對管理的控制有限。結(jié)合文章主要解釋了一家公司是由誰控制的問題，說明了公司通常是由管理者控制的，管理者經(jīng)營公司不僅是為了公司所有者的利益，也是為了公司自身的利益，以及公司主要通過股票期權(quán)來鼓勵管理者實現(xiàn)利潤最大化的現(xiàn)象。由此可知，A選項“誰控制公司？”最符合文章標題。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容.從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。AcrossAsiamanypeoplehavejustwitnessedthenaturalwonderthatisatotalsolareclipse.___11___Thisweek’stotaleclipsecouldbeseenineasternIndiabeforeslowlymovingacrossBurma,Bangladesh,Bhutan,China,Japan,andthePacificOcean.Yesterday,whenitreachedeasternChina,peopleflocked(聚集)intothestreetstowitnesstheastronomicalwonder.Asdaylightdisappearedandtheskyquicklydarkened.___12___CitiessuchasShanghaiwereplungedinto(陷入)darknessduringwhatisthoughttobethelongesttotaleclipseofthe21stcentury.Itlasted6minutesand39seconds.Totalsolareclipsesofsuchalongdurationareveryrareevents.___13___ShaoZhenyi,anastronomerattheShanghaiAstronomicalObservatoryinChinaexplained:“We’llhavetowaitafewhundredyearsforanotheropportunitytoobserveasolareclipsethatlaststhislong?soit’saveryspecialopportunity.‘‘Butwhilemillionscelebratethisphenomenon,itshouldberememberedthattotaleclipseshavenotalwaysbeensuchtreasuredevents.Manyculturestraditionallybelievedthatatotaleclipsewasabadomen(兇兆)orasupernaturalevent.___14___Othersbelievedthattheeclipsesignifiedoncomingdisasters.Nowadaysitappearsthatthesefearsandsuperstitions(迷信)arelongforgotten.AsdaylightonceagainfloodedAsiancitiessuchasShanghai,whoopsandcheerscouldbeheardamongthegatheredcrowds.Reflectingonwhathadjusthappened,oneShanghairesidentdescribedtheeclipseas“eerie”(怪誕的，奇異的),whileanothersaid“It’slikemagic,thedayturnsintonightinsuchashortperiodoftime.IhavenoideawhereIamrightnow.___15___.“A.Itfeelslikeadifferentworld.B.Theyhappenbutonceinalifetime.C.Thosewatchingwereleftfarfromdisappointed.D.SomebelievedthatevilgodswereeatingtheSun.E.Peoplewerefrightenedbythesuddendarkness.F.Somepeoplethoughtitwasanaturalwonder.G.AtotalsolareclipseoccurswhentheSun,MoonandEarthlineupinsuchawaythatourviewoftheSunistotallyhiddenbytheMoon.【答案】11.G12.C13.B14.D15.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了此次21世紀最長日全食的情況，整個日全食過程持續(xù)了6分39秒。如此長時間的日全食是非常罕見的事件，想要再次看到可能還得等上幾百年。還介紹了歷史上人們對于日全食的不同看法。【11題詳解】根據(jù)上文AcrossAsiamanypeoplehavejustwitnessedthenaturalwonderthatisatotalsolareclipse.可知亞洲各地的許多人剛剛目睹了日全食這一自然奇觀。由此可知，上文提到了日全食的景象，本句應(yīng)當是說明這一現(xiàn)象發(fā)生的原因。故G選項“當太陽、月球和地球排成一條直線時，我們看到的太陽完全被月球遮住了，日全食就發(fā)生了”符合語境，故選G?！?2題詳解】根據(jù)后文CitiessuchasShanghaiwereplungedinto(陷入)darknessduringwhatisthoughttobethelongesttotaleclipseofthe21stcentury.Itlasted6minutesand39seconds.可知在這場被認為是21世紀持續(xù)時間最長的日全食中，上海等城市陷入了黑暗之中。整個過程持續(xù)了6分39秒。由此可知，這次日全食是21世紀持續(xù)時間最長的，所以那些觀看日全食的人不會失望。故C選項“那些觀看的人遠遠沒有失望”符合語境，故選C?！?3題詳解】根據(jù)后文ShaoZhenyi,anastronomerattheShanghaiAstronomicalObservatoryinChinaexplained:“We’llhavetowaitafewhundredyearsforanotheropportunitytoobserveasolareclipsethatlaststhislong?soit’saveryspecialopportunity.”可知中國上海天文臺的天文學家邵振義解釋說:“我們必須等待幾百年才能有機會觀測到持續(xù)這么久的日食。所以這是一個非常特殊的機會?！庇纱丝芍?，再次看到這么久的日食需要等待幾百年，所以這是一生只有一次的機會。故B選項“一生只有一次”符合語境，故選B。【14題詳解】根據(jù)后文Othersbelievedthattheeclipsesignifiedoncomingdisasters.可知另一些人認為日食預(yù)示著即將到來的災(zāi)難。由此可知，本句與后文都是在說明人們對這一現(xiàn)象的看法，其中D選項中some可與后文others構(gòu)成對應(yīng)，some…others…“一些人……另一些人……”。故D選項“有些人相信邪惡的神正在吃太陽”符合語境，故選D?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文Reflectingonwhathadjusthappened,oneShanghairesidentdescribedtheeclipseas“eerie”(怪誕的，奇異的),whileanothersaid“It’slikemagic,thedayturnsintonightinsuchashortperiodoftime.IhavenoideawhereIamrightnow.可知在反思剛剛發(fā)生的事情時，一位上海居民形容日食“可怕”，而另一位說“這就像魔術(shù)一樣，在這么短的時間內(nèi)白天就變成了黑夜。我不知道我現(xiàn)在在哪里。”由此可知，本句承接上文說明，日食給人一種進入了不同世界的感覺。故A選項“感覺就像進入了一個不同的世界”符合語境，故選A。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共共20個小題；每小題1.5分.滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C.和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選頂.并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Likelife,mountainscanbeseenasaseriesofdifficultiesthatyouneedtoovercome.Tome,amountainisthefinal___16___,withbody,spirit,andmindallhavingtoworktogether.Being___17___isachallengetoo.Iwantedtodosomethingsignificanttohelpchangethe___18___thatfriendsandfamilyhaddevelopedofme—theroleofpatient.Isetagoal—to___19___HalfDomeinYosemite.Iwasdrawntothisdestination___20___itsuniquenessasitsshapeisunforgettablydistinctive(獨特)—it’s___21___.InAugustof1996,justtenmonthsaftermyheart___22___,myhusbandCraigandIbegantohikethetrailleadingtoHalfDome.Thetrailbeganwithamildincline(斜度),whichweeagerlytookata___23___pace.Iwasoutofbreathfirst,butassoonasmyheart___24___me,Ifeltenergizedagain.Itriedtogoasfastastheotherhikers,butfoundit____25____tokeepup.Thoughthefinalhalf-mileisn’tdifficult,thesteep(陡峭)slopecanbeextremelyfrightening,especiallyforthoseafraidofheights.Craig,____26____thedifficulttaskahead,gentlyasked.“Doyouwantto____27____?’’Determinedtoharvestthe____28____foralltheeffort,Ireplied,“Absolutely,wehavetogoon.”Stepforstep,Craigstayeddirectlybehindme,providinga____29____ofsecurity.WhenIfinallyreachedthetop,Iwas____30____withjoy.Tenmonthsaftermyoperation,IhadreachedthetopofHalfDome!My____31____hearthadnotfailedme.Lookingdownintothevalleybelow,westoodinsilence,amazedathowfarwehadcome.Asifthemomentitselfwasnot____32____,Craigsurprisedmewithagoldcharm(吊墜)intheshapeofHalfDome.AsIhelditinmyhand,Iwasamazedatits____33____.Craigtookamomenttoexpresshowproudhewasofmesaying,“WhenIhadtocarryyouupthestairsatnight,IalwayslookedatthephotoyoutookofHalfDomehungonthewallandwonderedifwe’devermake____34____climb.”Histenderwordsbroughtmetotears.Wehaddoneit;wewerehereatthetopofthemountain—alongwayfromthose____35____ofnotknowingwhatthefuturewouldbring.16.A.reward B.challenge C.help D.development17.A.sick B.well C.alive D.different18.A.degree B.role C.figure D.image19.A.admire B.draw C.hike D.compete20.A.at B.by C.with D.through21.A.unusual B.splendid C.broken D.flat22.A.disease B.attack C.replacement D.failure23.A.fast B.busy C.slow D.steady24.A.losttrackof B.gotaheadof C.putupwith D.caughtupwith25.A.worthless B.unreal C.improper D.impossible26.A.worrying B.observing C.calculating D.complaining27.A.return B.rest C.continue D.lead28.A.reward B.award C.benefit D.happiness29.A.way B.result C.sense D.means30.A.overcome B.burst C.accomplished D.buried31.A.healthy B.new C.broken D.faint32.A.imperfect B.enough C.exciting D.adorable33.A.style B.perfection C.worth D.likeness34.A.another B.that C.this D.other35.A.memories B.months C.changes D.nights【答案】16.B17.A18.D19.C20.B21.C22.C23.A24.D25.D26.B27.C28.A29.C30.A31.B32.B33.D34.A35.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了進行換心手術(shù)之后的作者與丈夫一起攀登半穹頂?shù)慕?jīng)歷?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對我來說，一座山是最后的挑戰(zhàn)，身體、精神和頭腦都必須一起工作。A.reward獎勵；回報；B.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；C.help幫助；D.development發(fā)展。根據(jù)前文“mountainscanbeseenasaseriesofdifficulties(山脈可以看作是一系列的困難)”可知，作者將山比喻為一系列的困難，與選項B“challenge(困難；挑戰(zhàn))”含義一致。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：生病也是一種挑戰(zhàn)。A.sick生病的；B.well健康；身體好；C.alive活著；在世的；D.different不同的。根據(jù)后文“theroleofpatient”可知，作者是一位病人。故選A項?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我想做一些有意義的事情來幫助改變朋友和家人對我的印象——病人的角色。A.degree程度；學位；B.role角色；作用；C.figure數(shù)字；人物；D.image形象；印象。根據(jù)后文“theroleofpatient”可知，在朋友和家人眼中，作者的角色是一位病人，“生病”的狀態(tài)或這種角色對于作者來說無法改變，由此推知，他應(yīng)是想通過做一件事情改變這種形象。故選D項?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我設(shè)定了一個目標——徒步游覽約塞米蒂的半穹頂。A.admire欣賞；羨慕；B.draw繪畫；拖；拉；吸引；C.hike遠足；徒步旅行；D.compete競爭；比賽。根據(jù)空后賓語“HalfDomeinYosemite”為塞米蒂國家公園半穹頂，應(yīng)用動詞hike，且呼應(yīng)后文“myhusbandCraigandIbegantohikethetrailleadingtoHalfDome”中的動詞“hike”。故選C項。【20題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：我被這個目的地的獨特性所吸引，因為它的形狀令人難忘地與眾不同——它是不完整的。A.at在（某處）；在（某個時刻）；B.by在……旁邊；被；C.with和……在一起；具有；D.through穿過；通過。根據(jù)后文原因狀語“asitsshapeisunforgettablydistinctive”可知，該地吸引作者的原因在于其令人難忘的獨特的形狀，所選介詞所在句“Iwasdrawntothisdestination___5__itsuniqueness”為被動句，選項B“by”用在句中可表達“被它的獨特所吸引”，符合語境。故選B項?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我被這個目的地的獨特性所吸引，因為它的形狀令人難忘地與眾不同——它是不完整的。A.unusual不同尋常的；B.splendid壯麗的；雄偉的；C.broken破損的；不完整的；D.flat平坦的。根據(jù)前文可知，目的地為“HalfDomeinYosemite”半穹頂，結(jié)合常識可知，該地一邊是垂直而下的峭壁，一邊是近乎完美的球形，猶如一個穹頂被削去了一半，是不完整的。故選C項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：1996年8月，就在我心臟移植手術(shù)后的十個月，我和丈夫Craig開始徒步走向半穹頂。A.disease疾??；B.attack攻擊；疾病發(fā)作；C.replacement替換；更換；D.failure失敗。結(jié)合前文提及作者是一位病人，而后文“myhusbandCraigandIbegantohikethetrailleadingtoHalfDome.”講到作者和丈夫開始開始徒步前往半穹頂，由此推知，這應(yīng)是在作者做了心臟替換手術(shù)之后才能進行的事情。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這條小徑從一個平緩的斜坡開始，我們急不可耐地快步走過去。A.fast快速的；B.busy繁忙的；C.slow緩慢的；D.steady穩(wěn)定的。前文“Thetrailbeganwithamildincline”提及這條小徑從一個平緩的斜坡開始，而后文“Iwasoutofbreathfirst”講到作者上氣不接下氣，說明作者和丈夫快步地走。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞組辨析。句意：我先是上氣不接下氣，但一旦我的心臟跟上了我的行進節(jié)奏，我就又感到精力充沛了。A.losttrackof失去與……的聯(lián)系；B.gotaheadof勝過；超過；C.putupwith忍受；D.caughtupwith追上；趕上。根據(jù)后文“Ifeltenergizedagain”可知，作者之后又感到精力充沛，由此推知，作者的心跳跟得上作者的行進節(jié)奏了。選項D“caughtupwith”用在句中可表達“心臟跟得上作者行進的節(jié)奏”含義。故選D項?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我盡力和其他徒步旅行者走得一樣快，但發(fā)現(xiàn)不可能跟上。A.worthless無價值的；一無是處的；B.unreal不真實的；虛幻的；C.improper不適當?shù)?；D.impossible不可能的。根據(jù)前文“Itriedtogoasfastastheotherhikers”可知，作者想要像其他人一樣快，而空前有“but”表達轉(zhuǎn)折含義，說明不能做到，這對于“病人”作者來說，是不可能的。故選D項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Craig注意到前方的困難任務(wù)，溫和地問道。“你還要繼續(xù)嗎？”A.worrying擔心；擔憂；B.observing觀察；注意到；C.calculating計算；D.complaining抱怨；投訴。根據(jù)前文“Thoughthefinalhalf-mileisn’tdifficult,thesteepslopecanbeextremelyfrightening,especiallyforthoseafraidofheights.”可知，雖然最后半英里并不困難，但陡峭的斜坡可能會讓人非常害怕，尤其是對那些恐高的人，句中“thedifficulttaskahead”指作為丈夫的Craig應(yīng)是也注意到這些困難，才會詢問作者是否還要繼續(xù)。故選B項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Craig注意到前方的困難任務(wù)，溫和地問道?！澳氵€要繼續(xù)嗎？”A.return返回；B.rest休息；C.continue繼續(xù)；D.lead帶領(lǐng)。根據(jù)前文“Craig,___11_thedifficulttaskahead”可知，丈夫注意到了前方的困難，因此應(yīng)是詢問作者是否還要繼續(xù)前行。故選C項。28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我決心收獲所有努力的回報，我回答。“當然，我們必須繼續(xù)前進?！盇.reward回報；報酬；B.award獎品；獎金；C.benefit利益；好處；D.happiness幸福；開心。根據(jù)空前動詞“harvest”意為“收獲”可知，作者應(yīng)是想繼續(xù)前行，收獲努力而來的“回報”——到達頂端的喜悅。故選A項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Craig一步一步地緊跟在我后面，給我一種安全感。A.way道路；方法；B.result結(jié)果；C.sense感覺；意識；D.means方式；方法。根據(jù)前文“Stepforstep,Craigstayeddirectlybehindme”可知，丈夫陪著作者一起前行，給作者帶來了安全感，asenseofsecurity，“安全感”。故選C項?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我最終到達頂峰時，我欣喜若狂。A.overcome克服；被……所壓倒；B.burst爆炸；突然爆發(fā)（某種感情）；C.accomplished完成；D.buried埋葬。根據(jù)前文“WhenIfinallyreachedthetop”可知，作者到達了頂部，應(yīng)是非常高興愉悅。beovercomewithsth，意為“被某事征服”，可以用在句中表達作者被喜悅之情所征服，極為高興。故選A項?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的新心臟沒有辜負我。A.healthy健康的；B.new新的；C.broken破碎的；D.faint模糊的；虛弱的。根據(jù)前文“InAugustof1996,justtenmonthsaftermyheart___7___,myhusbandCraigandIbegantohikethetrailleadingtoHalfDome.”可知，作者是在換心手術(shù)之后決定要登上半穹頂?shù)模虼诉@里的心臟應(yīng)是指“新”的心臟。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：仿佛這一瞬間本身還不夠，Craig用一個半穹頂形狀的金色護身符讓我大吃一驚。A.imperfect不完美的；B.enough足夠的；C.exciting令人興奮的；D.adorable可愛的。結(jié)合語境可知，句中“themomentitself”應(yīng)是指作者前文“Lookingdownintothevalleybelow,westoodin