【英語(yǔ)】高二英語(yǔ)試卷分類匯編英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)(及答案)及解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類1．閱讀理解

InIndia,oneofthemostsignificantfestivalsisDiwali,whichfallsbetweenOctoberandNovember.It'safive-daycelebrationthatincludesgoodfood,fireworks,coloredsand,andspecialcandlesandlamps.

InhonorofLakshmi,theHindugoddessofwealth,peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare,succcss,andwell-being.Peoplewelcomethegoddessintotheirhomesbydecoratingentranceswithcolorfullanternsandtraditionaldesigns.Inaddition,manypeopletreatthemselvestofinejewelry,prayingforgoodfortune.Thosewhocannotaffordsomuch,seekoutcheaperitemssuchasclothesorhouseholdgoods.

TheseconddayofthefestivaliscalledKaliChaudas.Forsome,thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.

Thethirddayiswhenthebiggestcelebrationsoccur,whichbeginearlyinthemorningwithavisittoatempletoseektheblessingsofthegoddess.Asthesunsets,festivalobserverslightuptheirhomeswithsmalllampsandenjoydelicioustraditionalfoodswiththeirlovedones.

Thefestival'sfourthdayiscelebratedinmanydifferentways.Friendsandrelativesvisitwithgifts,sweetsandbestwishesfortheseason.

AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj

Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.

ForchildreninIndia,DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts,newclothes,amazingfood,and,inthepastatleast,alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.（1）PeoplecelebratethefirstdayofDiwalimainlyfor______.A.goodfortune.B.colorfullanternsC.expensivejewelryD.traditionaldesigns（2）What'stheprobablepurposeofcreating"rangoli"onthefloor?A.Todesigntraditionalpatterns.B.Toproducecoloredpowderorsand.C.Tohelpgetridofbadluck.D.Toproduceanopportunityinbusiness.（3）Whatisamanlikelytodoonthelastdayofthefestival?A.Exchangegiftsandbestwisheswithhislovedones.B.Bebusydecoratinghishomeduringtheday.C.Gettogetherwithhissistersandbrothers.D.Lightuphishomewithsmalllamps.（4）Whichofthefollowingmaynotbeareasonforchildren'sloveofDiwali?A.Havingaweekoff.B.GettingChristmasgifts.C.Enjoyingamazingfood.D.Settingofffireworks.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了印度最重要的節(jié)日之一——排燈節(jié)。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“InhonorofLakshmi，theHindugoddessofwealth，peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare，succcss，andwell-being.”印度人慶祝排燈節(jié)第一天是為了獲得生活，成功，為人方面的好運(yùn)。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Forsome，thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.”在排燈節(jié)為了驅(qū)散家里和生意的霉運(yùn)，印度人會(huì)在地上用彩色粉或沙子創(chuàng)造出rangoli形狀。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj.Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.”排燈節(jié)最后一天是紀(jì)念兄弟姐妹親密紐帶的日子?？芍@天男子會(huì)和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ForchildreninIndia，DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts，newclothes，amazingfood，and，inthepastatleast，alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.”印度孩子們喜歡排燈節(jié)因?yàn)?/p>

他們可以放假一周，吃美味食物，還有大量煙花，沒有說收到圣誕節(jié)禮物。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解TheatersofthePast

TheGreekTheater

TheatersdevelopedinmanypartsofGreece.AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.Duetothis,actorsplacedemphasisonexaggerated(夸張的)actionandspeech.And,colorfulsymbolicmasksandcostumeswereused.

TheMedievalTheater

TheMedievaltheaterstartedinchurches.That'swhymedievalplayswereaboutBiblestories.Atfirst,itbecameacustomforpriests(牧師)toactoutbriefscenesduringChristmasandEaster.Theseactsattractedlargecrowds.Finallythechurchrefusedtoallowprieststoparticipateinanysucheventsagain,soordinarypeoplebegantheseperformancesoutside.Performancesweresetinthetownsquare,withseveralstagesettingsaroundit.

TheElizabethanTheater

TheEngland'stheaterdevelopedrapidlyintheyearsfollowingthedefeatoftheSpanishNavy.ThedominantfeatureofElizabethantheaterwasthestage.Ithasthreeparts:Theforestageforoutsidescenes;theinnerstageforscenesinsideabuilding;anupperstageorbalconyforvariouspurposes.Thereasonforthisdesignisthattherewerenoscenechanges,orbreaksduringtheplay.Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.Thisledtoamorepoeticscript,andpoetsbecamethemainsourceofscriptwriting.

TheRestorationTheater

Someoftheplaystoldsadstories,butthemajorityoftheplayswerereallyfunny.Manyspecializedmachineswereusedtocreatethescene.Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters(百葉窗)werepaintedwiththescene.（1）WhywereancientGreektheatersbuiltonhills?A.Toholdalargeaudience.B.Tobuildabigandstrongstage.C.Tohaveabettersoundeffect.D.Toemphasizeexaggeratedperformances.（2）Inwhichtheatercouldactors'voicesandspeechhelpcreatescenes?A.TheGreekTheater.B.TheMedievalTheater.C.TheElizabethanTheater.D.TheRestorationTheater.（3）WhatisspecialabouttheRestorationTheater?A.Colorfulmaskswereused.B.Thestagewassmartlydesigned.C.Mostofitsplaysweresorrowful.D.Ordinarypeopleweretheperformers.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了四個(gè)古代的劇院。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheGreekTheater部分中的“AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.”古希臘的劇院建在自然開闊的地方，建在形狀方便的山上。這使得一大群人可以一次欣賞一場(chǎng)演出，可知，希臘劇院建在山上是為了讓更多的觀眾可以一起欣賞演出。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheElizabethanTheater部分中的“Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.”布景用得很少，所以演員們不得不通過他們的聲音和對(duì)話來(lái)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)場(chǎng)景，可知，在TheElizabethanTheater,演員的聲音和言語(yǔ)能幫助創(chuàng)造場(chǎng)景。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)TheRestorationTheater部分中的“Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters(百葉窗)werepaintedwiththescene.”舞臺(tái)是一個(gè)非常聰明的想法，因?yàn)槲枧_(tái)兩側(cè)的大背板上都畫著場(chǎng)景)可知，在TheRestorationTheater舞臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)非常巧妙。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

APG-13ratingisastricterwarningbytheRatingBoardtoparentstodeterminewhethertheirchildrenunderage13shouldviewthefilm.APG-13filmmaygobeyondthePGratingintheme,violence,nudity(裸露),language,adultactivitiesorotherelements,butdoesnotreachtherestrictedRcategory.

ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanbriefnuditywillrequireatleastaPG-13rating,butsuchnudityinPG-13ratedfilmgenerallywillnotbesexuallyoriented.TheremaybeviolencesceneinaPG-13movie,butgenerallynotbothrealisticandextremeorpersistentviolence.

Asingleuseofoneoftherudewordsinafilm,thoughonlyasanexpletive(感嘆語(yǔ)),initiallyrequiresatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.TheRatingBoardneverthelessmayratesuchafilmPG-13if,basedonaspecialvotebyatwo-thirdsmajority,theRatersfeelthatmostAmericanparentswouldbelievethataPG-13ratingisappropriatebecauseofthecontextormannerinwhichthewordsareusedorbecausetheuseofthosewordsinthefilmiseasilyneglected.（1）Whatisthemaingoalofthispassage?A.Todiscussvariousmovieratings.B.Toexplainvariousmovieratings.C.ToexplainthedifferencebetweenPG-13andRmovieratings.D.ToexplainthePG-13movierating.（2）AccordingtoPG-13rating,thethemeofthemovie__________.A.haslittleimpactonitsratingB.hasalargeimpactonitsratingC.shouldbeentertainingD.shouldbesuitableforchildren（3）FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthatdrugusage__________.A.shouldnotbeallowedinmoviesB.isdangerousC.makesaPG-13ratingnecessaryD.isnotappropriateforchildrenunder13（4）Whatdoesamoviewithtwoormoreusesofbadwordsrequire?A.APGrating.B.APG-13rating.C.AnRrating.D.AnNC-17rating.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。PG-13級(jí)是電影分級(jí)委員會(huì)對(duì)家長(zhǎng)發(fā)出的更嚴(yán)格的警告，目的是決定13歲以下的孩子是否應(yīng)該看這部電影。文章介紹了PG-13電影分級(jí)。（1）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，本文從主題、暴力、裸體、語(yǔ)言、成人活動(dòng)方面解釋了PG-13的電影分級(jí)。全文目的在于解釋PG-13。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.”，電影的主題本身不會(huì)導(dǎo)致評(píng)級(jí)大于PG-13，盡管在電影中出現(xiàn)的與成熟主題相關(guān)的活動(dòng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)電影的限制評(píng)級(jí)。此可知，電影的主題對(duì)PG-13評(píng)級(jí)影響不大。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.”任何藥物使用最初都需要至少達(dá)到PG-13級(jí)別?？芍?，藥物使用使PG-13評(píng)級(jí)是必要的。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.”，一部有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上臟話用法的電影需要滿足R級(jí)。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

TheUnitedStatesishometo562recognizedAmericanIndianNationseachwithitsownlanguage.

Yetthenumberofnative.Americanswiththeabilitytospeaktheirtribe'slanguagehasdecreasedoverthepastcentury.

Now,IndianNationsaretryingdifferentwaystoexpandthenumberofnativespeakers,andincreaseinterestintheircommunitiestolearntriballanguages.

Sincethelate1800smanyAmericanIndianchildrenhaveattendedboardingschools.Atthattime,Indianchildrenwererequiredtoattendschoolsbylaw,andthegovernmentforcedIndianfamiliestosendtheirchildrentosuchschools.

Thechildrenwereseparatedfromtheirfamilies.andgivenEnglishnameTheteachersoftentaughtnativeAmericanstudentsinEnglish,insteadofthelanguageoftheirparents.TheyweretoldtheyneededtolearnEnglishinordertogetajob,earnmoneyandbuyahouseornicethings.

However,fearingalossofhistoryandculture,theIndianNationsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoincreasethelanguageabilityoftribalmembers.

Atleastoneorganizationisturningtomoderntechnology---TheSealaskaHeritageInstitute,anonprofitgroup,hasdevelopedtwoappsforspeakersoftheTlingitlanguage.

The"LearningTlingit"appservesasareferenceforimportantlanguagetopicssuchasconversationphrases,number,andletters.

TheTlingittribehasabout10,000members.TheylivemainlyinsoutheasternAlaska.Butasof2013,thetribehadonly125nativespeakersleft.inaddition,veryfewyoungpeopleareabletospeakTlingit.

Currentlytherearetwoapps,called"LearningTlingit"and"TlingitLanguageGames".The"LearningTlingit"appservesasalanguageguide.ItprovidesTlingitwordsandexpressions,thetribalalphabet,aswellasabasiclistofthewordsincluded.Withthe"TlingitLanguageGames"app,usersaregivenachoiceofdifferentplacesofenvironments,likeahouse,forestorocean.（1）WhatistheproblemthenativeAmericansarefacingnow?A.ThenumberofnativeAmericanshasbeenincreasing.B.FewerandfewernativeAmericansspeaktheirownlanguage.C.Theirnativelanguagehasbeenextinct.D.It'shardtoincreasetheinterestofhearingnativelanguages.（2）WhatwillbetheresultifmoreandmorenativeAmericansonlyspeakEnglish?A.Theywillgetbetterjobsandhigherpay.B.TheywillteachtheirownchildrentospeakEnglish.C.Theywilllosetheirhistoryandculture.D.Theywillgetalongwellwiththegovernment.（3）WhatcanweknowaboutTlingit?A.Itcanhelpthenativepeopleknowsomelanguagetopics.B.Itcanhelpthe:nativepeopleearnmoneyandbuya.houseornicethingsC.ItisaverypopularappamongthenativespeakersD.Itisanativelanguagespokenbyfewerthan200people.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.AmericanIndiantribes'effortstoincreasenativespeakers.B.ReasonsforthedisappearanceofsomeAmericanIndianlanguages.C.Waystohelpthenativetribesleadatraditionallife.D.Thepopularityofthelanguagelearningapps.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，美國(guó)的印第安人正在使用新的方法來(lái)增加本族語(yǔ)言的使用，否則，他們的本族語(yǔ)言將面臨嚴(yán)重的危機(jī)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Yetthenumberofnative.Americanswiththeabilitytospeaktheirtribe'slanguagehasdecreasedoverthepastcentury.”但是能說他們本族語(yǔ)言的本地美國(guó)人的數(shù)量在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中已將減少?？芍?，會(huì)說本族語(yǔ)的美國(guó)土著的人數(shù)在過去的一個(gè)多世紀(jì)中已經(jīng)減少了，故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段中的“However,fearingalossofhistoryandculture,theIndianNationsareexperimentingwithnewwaystoincreasethelanguageabilityoftribalmembers.”然而，害怕失去自己的

歷史和文化，許多印第安部落嘗試新的方法來(lái)提升族人的本族語(yǔ)使用能力。可知，如果越來(lái)越多的族人只說英語(yǔ)，他們將會(huì)失去自己的歷史和文化。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第九段中的“TheTlingittribehasabout10,000members.TheylivemainlyinsoutheasternAlaska.Butasof2013,thetribehadonly125nativespeakersleft.”特林吉特部落有大約一萬(wàn)人。他們主要居住在阿拉斯加?xùn)|南部。但是就2013年的統(tǒng)計(jì)，這個(gè)部落只有125人可以說自己民族的語(yǔ)言，可知，現(xiàn)在僅僅有不到兩百人可以說這種語(yǔ)言了，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文前六段描述了美國(guó)印第安人在民族語(yǔ)言方面面臨的處境以及這一處境引起的擔(dān)憂，最后四段提出了針對(duì)這一問題的解決方案：美國(guó)的印第安人正在使用新的方法（app）來(lái)增加本族語(yǔ)使用人數(shù)。選項(xiàng)A中efforts能凸顯人們這一問題的擔(dān)心及在努力尋求解決方案方面所做的努力。故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

TheBritishliveonasmallisland.Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.Afterthedevelopmentoflarge,ocean-goingsailingshipsinthefifteenthcentury,theseabecameevenmoreimportanttothecountry'sdevelopment.ShipssettingsailfromEnglanddeterminedtoextendBritain'sterritories,itswealthanditsknowledgeoftheworld.ShipsreturnedtoEnglandbringinggoods,peopleandnewideasfromforeignplaces.Bythenineteenthcentury,Britainhadthelargest,mostpowerfulnavyintheworld.

ThegreatsailingshipsweresomuchapartofBritishlifethattheyevenaffectedthelanguage.ManyEnglishexpressionsweusetodaywereoriginallynautical(航海的)terms,althoughmostpeoplenolongerrealizethis.Forexample,peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing"aboveboard".Thisexpressionwasoriginallyusedinsailingshiptimeswhensecretive,dishonestship'sbusinesswouldbecarriedoutbelowdecks(belowtheboards)outofpublicview.Ontheotherhand,honestbusinesswasalwaysconductedondeck(abovetheboards),intheopenwhereeveryonecouldseewhatwasgoingon.

"Pipedown!",meaning"Bequiet!",isanothercommonexpressionthathasnauticalorigins.Theship'sboatswain(水手長(zhǎng))wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate(表明)tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.

MostnativeEnglishspeakershaveheardtheexpression"notenoughroomtoswingacat",butfewknowthatthe"cat"doesnotrefertoasmallfurryanimalwithfourlegsandatail.The"cat"isactuallyashortformof"catofninetails"—awhipwithnine,knotted(打結(jié)的)tails.Aboatswainneededalotofspaceinordertoswingthewhipproperlywhenlashing(鞭打)apoorsailorunderhiscontrol!（1）TheBritishhavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheseabecause________.A.

theyoccupiedmorelandaroundtheworld

B.

theygotmorewealthfromtheseaC.

theyliveonanislandsurroundedbythesea

D.

theyhadthelargestnavyever（2）Ifsomeoneisopenandaboveboard,itmeansheis________.A.

secretive

B.

honest

C.

cheerful

D.

dishonest（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.

Sailorsneedtogotosleepwhentheyhearawhistle.B.

Sailorswillbewhippediftheydobusinessbelowdecks.C.

Apoorsailormaybewhippedninetimesaday.D.

Thereisnospareroomtoraisecatsonships.（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.

ThebusinessonBritishsailingships.B.

TheinfluenceofBritishsailors'languageonEnglish.C.

ThesailinghistoryofEngland.D.

ThesailingstoryofBritishsailors.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，英國(guó)作為一個(gè)島國(guó)，四周環(huán)海，海洋在英國(guó)人的生活中起著重要的作用。英國(guó)曾有著強(qiáng)大的海軍。一直以來(lái)，水手們經(jīng)常使用的一些航海術(shù)語(yǔ)豐富并影響著英語(yǔ)這門語(yǔ)言。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.”可知，英國(guó)被海洋環(huán)繞，海對(duì)英國(guó)人的生活影響很大。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“…peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing“aboveboard”可知，如果”一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)公正的人就會(huì)被認(rèn)為是'aboveboard'”。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theship'sboatswain(水手長(zhǎng))wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate(表明)tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.”可知船上的水手長(zhǎng)會(huì)在一天結(jié)束的時(shí)候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手們表示應(yīng)該安靜下來(lái)睡覺了。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段介紹英國(guó)是一個(gè)受到海洋影響的國(guó)家，四周環(huán)海，航海在人們的生活中起著重要的作用。以此引入主題即水手們?cè)诤叫袝r(shí)使用的一些航海術(shù)語(yǔ)對(duì)英語(yǔ)這門語(yǔ)言所產(chǎn)生的影響。故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Americansgavenearly$300billionawaylastyear.Doyouknowthereason?Beyondthenoblegoalsofhelpingothers,itisthatgivingwillmakethemhappier.

Itisafactthatgiversarehappierpeoplethannon-givers.AccordingtotheSocialCapitalCommunityBenchmarkSurvey,asurveyof30,000Americanhouseholds,peoplewhogivemoneytocharityare43%morelikelythannon-giverstosaytheyare"veryhappy"abouttheirlives.Similarly,volunteersare42%morelikelytobeveryhappythennon-volunteers.

Thehappinessdifferencebetweengiversandnon-giversisnotduetodifferencesintheirpersonalcharacteristics,suchasincomeorreligion.Imaginetwopeoplewhoareidenticalintermsofincomeandfaith,aswellasage,education,politics,sex,andfamilycircumstances,butonedonatesmoneyandvolunteers,whiletheotherdoesnot.Thegiverwillbe,onaverage,over40percentagepointsmorelikelytobeveryhappythanthenon-givers.

Anumberofstudieshaveresearchedexactlywhycharityleadstohappiness.Thesurprisingconclusionisthatgivingaffectsourbrainchemistry.Forexample,peoplewhogiveoftenreportfeelingsofeuphoria,whichpsychologistshavereferredtoasthe"Helper'sHigh".Theybelievethatcharitableactivityproducesaverymildversionofthesensationspeoplegetfromdrugslikemorphineandheroin.

Ofcourse,notonlydoesgivingincreaseourhappiness,butalsoourhappinessincreasesthepossibilitythatwewillgive.Everyonepreferstogivemorewhentheyarehappy.Researchershaveinvestigatedthisbyconductingexperimentsinwhichpeopleareaskedabouttheirhappinessbeforeandaftertheyparticipateinacharitableactivity,suchasvolunteeringtohelpchildrenorservingmealstothepoor.Theresultisclearthatgivinghasastrong,positivecausalimpactonourhappiness,sodoeshappinessongiving（1）AccordingtoParagraph2.Wecanlearnthat

.A.

onlythosepeoplewhogavemoneytocharitywillbehappyB.

moregiverssaytheyfeelhavinghappylivesthannon-giversC.

thosewhodonatemoneyarehappierthanthosewhovolunteerD.

42%ofthevolunteerssaytheyareashappyasthenon-volunteers（2）Whatcausesthehappinessdifference?A.

Income.

B.

Faith.

C.

Education.

D.

Donation.（3）Ifapersonfeelshappy,hemay

.A.

askformoredonations

B.

stopcharitableactivityC.

belikelytogivemore.

D.

cookfoodforthepoor【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國(guó)人愛做慈善，因?yàn)榻o予別人幫助比得到幫助更讓人快樂。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“peoplewhogivemoneytocharityare43%morelikelythannon-giverstosaytheyare‘veryhappy’abouttheirlives.”可知給予者比得到幫助者更快樂。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段年齡，性別，收入，信仰，家庭環(huán)境都相同的兩個(gè)人，總是向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐錢的那個(gè)人，更快樂。可知是捐贈(zèng)和給予影響一個(gè)人的快樂。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“notonlydoesgivingincreaseourhappiness,butalsoourhappinessincreasesthepossibilitythatwewillgive.”一個(gè)人越快樂就越愿意去捐贈(zèng)，去幫助別人。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Forallthepressuresandrewardsofregionalization(地區(qū)化)andglobalization,localidentitiesremainthemostdeeplyimpressed.Eveniftheendresultofglobalizationistomaketheworldsmaller,itsscopeseemstofostertheneedformoreprivatelocalconnectionsamongmanyindividuals.AsBernardPoignant,mayorofthetownofQuimperinBrittany,toldtheWashingtonPost,"Manisafragileanimalandheneedshiscloseattachments.Themoreopentheworldbecomes,themoretiestherewillbetoone'srootsandone'sland."

Inmostcommunities,locallanguagessuchasPoignant'sBretonserveastrongsymbolicfunctionasaclearmarkof"authenticity(原真性)".Thesumtotalofacommunity'ssharedhistoricalexperience,authenticityreflectsanoticeablelinefromaculturallyidealizedpasttothepresent,carriedbythelanguageandtraditionsassociatedwiththecommunity'sorigins.Aconcernforauthenticityleadsmostsecular(世俗的)IsraelistodefendHebrewamongthemselveswhilealsoacquiringEnglishandevenArabic.ThesameobsessionwithauthenticitydrivesHasidicJewsinIsraelortheDiasporatochampionYiddishwhilealsolearningHebrewandEnglish.Ineachcase,authenticityamountstoacentralcoreofculturalbeliefsandinterpretationsthatarenotonlyresistanttoglobalizationbutalsoareactuallyreinforcedbythe"threat"thatglobalizationseemstopresenttothesehistoricalvalues.Scholarsmayarguethatculturalidentitieschangeovertimeinresponsetospecificrewardsystems.Butlocalsoftenresistsuchexplanationanddefendauthenticityandlocalmothertonguesagainsttheperceivedthreatofglobalizationwithnearreligiouseagerness.

Asaresult,neverbeforeinhistoryhavetherebeenasmanystandardizedlanguagesastherearetoday:roughly1,200.Manysmallerlanguages,eventhosewithfarfewerthanonemillionspeakers,havebenefitedfromstate-sponsoredorvoluntarypreservationmovements.Onthemostinformallevel,communitiesinAlaskaandtheAmericannorthwesthaveformedInternetdiscussiongroupsinanattempttopassonNativeAmericanlanguagestoyoungergenerations.IntheBasque,Catalan,andGalicianregionsofSpain,suchmovementsarefiercelypoliticalandfrequentlyinvolvedloyalresistancetotheSpanishgovernmentoverpoliticalandlinguisticrights.ProjectshaverangedfromacampaigntoprintSpanishmoneyinthefourofficiallanguagesofthestatetothecreationoflanguageimmersionnurseryandprimaryschools.ZapatistasinMexicoarechampioningtherevivalofMayanlanguagesinanequallypoliticalcampaignforlocalautonomy.

Inadditiontocausingthefeelingofthesubjectiveimportanceoflocalroots,supportersoflocallanguagesdefendtheircontinueduseonpracticalgrounds.Localtonguesfosterhigherlevelsofschoolsuccess,higherdegreesofparticipationinlocalgovernment,moreinformedcitizenship,andbetterknowledgeofone'sownculture,history,andfaith.Governmentandreliefagenciescanalsouselocallanguagestospreadinformationaboutindustrialandagriculturaltechniquesaswellasmodernhealthcaretodiverseaudiences.DevelopmentworkersinWestAfrica,forexample,havefoundthatthebestwaytoteachthevastnumberoffarmerswithlittleornoformaleducationhowtosowandrotatecropsforhigheryieldsisintheselocaltongues.Nevertheless,bothregionalizationandglobalizationrequirethatmoreandmorespeakersoflocallanguagesbemulti-literate.（1）Inparagraph1,theauthorquotedamayor'swordtoshowthatglobalization________.A.

strengthenslocalidentities

B.

weakensregionalizationC.

strengthensindividualism

D.

weakenslocalattachments（2）Theinfluenceofglobalizationonauthenticityisthatit________.A.

weakenstheauthorityofauthenticity

B.

preventsthedevelopmentofauthenticityC.

enhancestheimportanceofauthenticity

D.

promotesthematurityofauthenticity（3）Intermsofcampaignsforlanguageprotection,AmericadiffersfromSpainandMexicointhat______.A.

itsvolunteershaveenoughsponsorshipfromthestate.B.

itslocalsarenotinterestedinfindingnativeAmericans.C.

itsyouthsareeagertopassonthelocaltraditions.D.

itsmovementsarenotpolitical.（4）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.

Practically,locallanguagesarelessusedthanEnglish.B.

Locallanguagesaremoreimportantindailylife.C.

Thesmallertheworldis,themoreunitedthelocalsare.D.

Therelationbetweenlocalizationandglobalizationisdouble-win.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，對(duì)于區(qū)域化和全球化的所有壓力及其回報(bào)來(lái)說，本地的認(rèn)同還是最關(guān)鍵的。即使全球化的最終結(jié)果是促使世界變小了，這一能力依然促進(jìn)了眾多個(gè)體最初在本土相連的需求。世界越是變得開放，其本源與本土的連接就會(huì)越緊密。文章列舉了當(dāng)?shù)匚幕默F(xiàn)狀及各國(guó)采取的保護(hù)措施。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段得知，作者用引用的句子是為了說明全球化讓世界越變?cè)叫?，但它也促使個(gè)體之間更加親密，增加了地方認(rèn)同。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ineachcase,authenticityamountstoacentralcoreofculturalbeliefsandinterpretationsthatarenotonlyresistanttoglobalizationbutalsoareactuallyreinforcedbythe"threat"thatglobalizationseemstopresenttothesehistoricalvalues.”可知，全球化對(duì)真實(shí)性的影響是增強(qiáng)了真實(shí)性的重要性。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“communitiesinAlaskaandtheAmericannorthwesthaveformedInternetdiscussiongroupsinanattempttopassonNativeAmericanlanguagestoyoungergenerations.”阿拉斯加和美國(guó)西北部的社區(qū)已經(jīng)形成了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)討論會(huì)來(lái)保護(hù)語(yǔ)言，而西班牙和墨西哥通過政治活動(dòng)保護(hù)語(yǔ)言。故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段可知，地方語(yǔ)言的眾多用處，但并沒有明確比較地方語(yǔ)言和英語(yǔ)在實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面孰多孰少。A項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Nobelprizewinnerssometimesdisplayasmuchuniquenesswhendecidinghowtospendtheirprizemoneyastheydidontheworkthatwonthemtheawardinthefirstplace.

WhenSirPaulNursewontheNobelPrizeforMedicinein2001,hedecidedtoupgradehismotorbike.Afellowwinnerin1993,RichardRoberts,installedacroquetlawninfrontofhisho