Strategiesforguessingwordmeanings2026屆新高考英語(yǔ)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解——詞義猜測(cè)題2021-2024年高考全國(guó)卷閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題考查一覽表2024年2023年2022年2021年新高考全國(guó)I卷1短語(yǔ)shinethrough1單詞declutter1短語(yǔ)embarkon1單詞decimate新高考全國(guó)II卷1短語(yǔ)Inthewronghands1短語(yǔ)relateto1短語(yǔ)hithomeforme1短語(yǔ)getuptomischief全國(guó)甲卷1短語(yǔ)takethisbehaviorupanotch1短語(yǔ)adabhand1短語(yǔ)taketheplunge1短語(yǔ)safe!safe!safe!全國(guó)乙卷--------1單詞conversation1單詞maintenance1單詞concede特點(diǎn)：猜測(cè)詞義題屬于閱讀基礎(chǔ)題型，每年必考，有一定難度，但需要有滿分意識(shí)。詞義猜測(cè)提問(wèn)方式1.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean? （2024新課標(biāo)I卷）2.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?（2024新課標(biāo)II卷）3.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?（2024全國(guó)甲卷）

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?（2024浙江1月卷）5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutter”inparagraph3mean?（2023新課標(biāo)I卷）6.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inparagraph2mean? （2023新課標(biāo)I卷）7.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand”inparagraph1?（2023新課標(biāo)II卷）詞義猜測(cè)命題特點(diǎn)：1.常以疑問(wèn)詞what、which開(kāi)頭提出問(wèn)題2.有四大考查方向：考查短語(yǔ)、生詞、句子和代詞的語(yǔ)境猜測(cè)選項(xiàng)規(guī)律正確選項(xiàng)特征邏輯通順內(nèi)容上與詞或短語(yǔ)所在的句子、段落有關(guān)，符合上下文邏輯；代詞查詢代詞指代有時(shí)與上文距離較遠(yuǎn)，需要對(duì)前文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)才能得出結(jié)論；本意延伸真實(shí)的含義與其字面意思無(wú)關(guān)，在原意的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行延伸或者拓展；接近原意采取轉(zhuǎn)述、舉例或列舉等表達(dá)方式，與原句意思最接近。干擾項(xiàng)特征1.構(gòu)詞法干擾，指片面地從構(gòu)詞法的角度猜測(cè)、思考，不考慮上下文語(yǔ)境，望詞生義；2.句子解釋中含有過(guò)多原句中已有的詞和短語(yǔ)的選項(xiàng)一般是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。3.

拘泥于字面意思，根據(jù)所學(xué)過(guò)的熟詞意義常使考生覺(jué)得畫(huà)線詞義背過(guò)而忽略上下文主觀臆斷。詞義猜測(cè)做題步驟一是“找詞”--先從題干中提取關(guān)鍵詞(題眼)。二是“定位”--尋找與此關(guān)鍵詞相關(guān)的段落、語(yǔ)句做好標(biāo)記。三是“代入”--仔細(xì)比對(duì)四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)微區(qū)別，最后確定答案。四大技巧構(gòu)詞法解釋說(shuō)明法邏輯關(guān)系法語(yǔ)境法2143解釋說(shuō)明法定義，定語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)語(yǔ)境法上下文語(yǔ)境邏輯關(guān)系法同義，對(duì)比，因果關(guān)系構(gòu)詞法合成，派生，轉(zhuǎn)化Howtoguess?

一、構(gòu)詞法Formation

123合成法派生法轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點(diǎn)熟詞生義）1合成法Tip:合成法：指兩個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞按照一定的組合規(guī)律組合在一起，形成一個(gè)新的單詞mooncakefireworkbackyardbirthplace月餅daydreamhandshakeheartbeathomesick煙火后院出生地想家的心跳握手白日夢(mèng)2派生法Tip:通過(guò)在詞根上添加前綴或后綴構(gòu)造新詞。一般講前綴改變?cè)~義不變?cè)~性，后綴改變?cè)~性不變?cè)~義。前綴和后綴辨析：super-(超)

de-(否定，下降，去除，離開(kāi))

micro-（極微小的）

re-（再，反復(fù)）

mis-（誤，惡）

im-（不）

un-（不，非）

in-（不，非）

non-（不，非）

-able（能…的）

-less（不，無(wú)）

-wards(向)decode

decompose

defame

deforest

defrost

deform

Guessthemeaningofthefollowingwordsv.解碼:破譯

v.分解；腐爛vt.誹謗；中傷

vt.砍掉樹(shù)林

vt.解凍vt.改變/損毀...的外形轉(zhuǎn)化法（考點(diǎn)熟詞生義）①land②measure③position④promise⑤cover⑥express熟義：n.土地v.著陸生義：v.謀得多義：n.措施，方法v.估量，判定(重要性、價(jià)值或影響等)熟義：n.位置；職位生義：n.立場(chǎng)；觀點(diǎn)v.安置熟義：n.諾言生義：v.有……的希望；使……有可能熟義：v.覆蓋、占地n.封面，蓋子生義：v.走一段路；足以支付，夠付；報(bào)道多義：v.表達(dá)n.快車；快遞服務(wù)

lift⑦熟義：電梯

生義：

舉起、振奮精神、抬高（價(jià)格）、增加（數(shù)量）3Tip:轉(zhuǎn)化法：把一種詞性用作另一種詞性而詞形不變。如：waterflowers澆花

Hewolfeddown

threebowlsofrice.狼吞虎咽高考詞性活用--Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.(2023年新課標(biāo)I卷D篇)--Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey"sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”(2023年新課標(biāo)I卷D篇)--Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.(2023年新課標(biāo)II卷D篇)--Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.(2023年全國(guó)甲卷B篇)--Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.(2023全國(guó)乙卷語(yǔ)法填空)--IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentlamattemptingtophotograph.(2023全國(guó)乙卷B篇)--Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts...(2023全國(guó)乙卷D篇)(2016全國(guó)卷II,B篇)Encouragethiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”A.mistakeB.drawbackC.difficultyD.burden對(duì)接高考downside是由“down（向下）+side（方面）”構(gòu)成的合成詞，并且后文提到“作者冒著失去那些有不同思維風(fēng)格的學(xué)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”。因此，我們可以猜測(cè)該詞的意思是“不足，缺點(diǎn)”。123下定義定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)

二、解釋說(shuō)明法

Explanation

4標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)123下定義定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)猜一猜：1.Pantomimeisashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.2.Theherdsman

,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout6500yuanayear.3.Youmayborrowfromthelibraryanyperiodicals:NewsWeekly,Reader’sDigest,TheNewYorkers.啞劇牧羊人Tips:下定義：is,mean,refersto,namely等后的內(nèi)容是對(duì)前面解釋說(shuō)明或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway引出的解釋性的短語(yǔ)來(lái)解釋生詞。定語(yǔ)從句：尤其注意which/who后的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)：同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)其前的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明。4標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)：冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)和括號(hào)等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，可表示解釋說(shuō)明。舉例子：根據(jù)forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,include,including后的內(nèi)容猜測(cè)。期刊(2022年全國(guó)乙卷,C篇）Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnel(人員的）safety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneuros(歐元)ayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施).Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))assistingthecrews’efforts.A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.C.inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.解釋說(shuō)明法：(2021·全國(guó)甲卷閱讀C)

三、邏輯關(guān)系法LogicalRelation123同義或近義關(guān)系對(duì)比關(guān)系因果關(guān)系同義或近義關(guān)系

猜一猜1.Mr.Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarly

loquacious.對(duì)接高考：（2015四川卷第44題）Anditisnotjustrobinsthatarebeingkeptawakebyartificiallight.Blackbirdsandseagullsarealsobeingmorenocturnal.44.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nocturnal”inParagraph5mean？A.Activeatnight.

B.Inactiveatnight.C.Activeduringtheday.

D.Inactiveduringtheday.健談的Tip:利用上下文中出現(xiàn)的同義或近義詞或短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：and,or,also,as...as,justas,like,too,either,similarly等1對(duì)比關(guān)系Tip:利用對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞，或反義詞猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)信號(hào)詞：but,yet,despite,however,while,unlike，ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,incontrast,ratherthan,instead(of)等2對(duì)接高考：2020新高考Ⅰ卷第33題AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it’sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons. C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.因果關(guān)系

3Tip:利用因果關(guān)系猜詞義，常見(jiàn)的詞或短語(yǔ)：since,as,because,for,so,so..that,thus,consequently,therefore,accordingly,hence,dueto,owingto,thanksto,becauseof,onaccountof,resultin,asaresultof等對(duì)接高考：（2019全國(guó)II卷第25題）Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inParagraph2mean？A.Encourageteamwork.

B.Appealtofeeling.C.Promotegooddeeds.

D.Provideadvice.

四、語(yǔ)境法Context

12上下文就近原則[對(duì)接高考]（2022新高考II卷第24題）Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon'tevenrealizeit'snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren'sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpi