2025年《航海英語》閱讀專項模擬卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解Passage1TheInternationalRegulationsforPreventingCollisionsatSea,commonlyknownastheCOLREGs,areasetofrulesdesignedtopreventcollisionsbetweenvesselsandtherebyensuresafetyoflifeandpropertyatsea.Theyaremandatoryforallvessels.Therulesarebasedontheprinciplethateveryvesselmustgivewaytogivewayvessels,butthereareexceptionsandspecificrulesfordifferentsituations.Rule8,forinstance,coversactionbystand-onvesselsinrestrictedvisibility,whileRule17dealswithriskofcollision.Vesselsmustuselightsandsoundsignalstomaketheirintentionsandstatuscleartootherships.Compliancewiththeseregulationsisnotonlyalegalrequirementbutalsoamoralobligationtoprotectlivesandpreventcostlymaritimeincidents.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarypurposeoftheCOLREGs?2.WhatprincipledoesthepassagestateisfundamentaltotheCOLREGs?3.MentiononespecificrulementionedinthepassagebesidesRule8andRule17.4.Whattoolsmustvesselsuse,accordingtothepassage,tocommunicatetheirintentionsandstatus?5.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutcomplyingwiththeCOLREGs?Passage2Weatherisacriticalfactorinmaritimeoperations.Accurateweatherforecastingallowsshipoperatorstoplanroutesthatavoidadverseconditionslikestorms,highwaves,orfog.TheBarometerisanessentialinstrumentformonitoringatmosphericpressure,whichoftenindicateschangesinweather.Afallingbarometersuggeststheapproachofalow-pressuresystem,oftenbringingbadweather,whilearisingbarometerindicatesimprovingconditions.Shipsmustalsobepreparedforsuddenweatherchanges.Beingequippedwithup-to-dateweatherforecastsandunderstandinghowtointerpretthemisvitalforthesafetyofthevessel,itscrew,andthecargoitcarries.Navigationinpoorvisibility,suchasduringfogorheavyrain,requiresextracautionandrelianceonradarandotherelectronicnavigationaids.Questions:6.Whatisthemainroleofweatherforecastinginmaritimeoperations,accordingtothepassage?7.Whatdoesafallingbarometer,asmentionedinthepassage,generallyindicate?8.Accordingtothepassage,whatinstrumentiscrucialformonitoringatmosphericpressure?9.Whatconditiondoesarisingbarometer,asmentionedinthepassage,indicate?10.Besidesweatherforecasting,whatotherfactoriscrucialfornavigationinpoorvisibility?Passage3VHF(VeryHighFrequency)radioistheprimarymeansofcommunicationforvesselsonthewater,especiallyforshort-rangecommunication.Channel16isdesignatedasthedistressandcallingchannel,usedbyvesselsindistressorneedingimmediateassistance.However,frequentuseofChannel16fornon-emergencycommunicationsisdiscouragedasitcancausecongestion.Otherworkingchannelsareusedforroutinecommunicationbetweenvesselsorbetweenvesselsandcoastalstations.UnderstandingthecorrectproceduresforVHFcommunication,includingtheuseofphoneticspellingfornamesandpositions,isessential.Effectivecommunicationisvitalforcoordinatingsafepassage,exchangingnavigationalinformation,andrespondingtoemergenciesatsea.Questions:11.WhatistheprimarypurposeofVHFradiocommunicationforvessels,accordingtothepassage?12.WhichVHFchannelisspecificallydesignatedfordistresscallsandisconsideredanemergencychannel?13.WhyisfrequentuseofChannel16fornon-emergencymattersdiscouraged?14.Accordingtothepassage,whatisessentialforeffectiveVHFcommunication?15.NametworeasonswhyeffectivecommunicationviaVHFisimportantatsea.Passage4Portoperationsrequirecarefulcoordinationbetweenthevessel,thepilot,tugboats,andtheportauthority.Thepilot,anexperiencedmarinerfamiliarwiththeport'schannels,berths,andprocedures,boardsthevesseltoassistwithnavigationthroughtheoftencomplexwaterwaysandtoguidetheshipalongsidethecorrectberth.Tugboatsareusedtoassistinmooringandunmooringthevessel,oftenhandlinglinesfromthebridgeordeck.Vesselsmustadherestrictlytoportregulationsandsignalsgivenbythepilotorharborcontrol.Berthingalargevesselrequiresprecisemaneuveringandtiming.Failuretocoordinateproperlycanleadtogroundings,collisionswithothershipsorstructures,ordamagetothevesselorportfacilities.Efficientandsafeportoperationsrelyheavilyonclearcommunicationandadherencetoestablishedprocedures.Questions:16.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimaryroleofapilotduringportoperations?17.Whatisonespecifictaskthattugboatsareusedforduringportoperations,asmentionedinthepassage?18.Whomustvesselscoordinatewithduringportoperations,accordingtothepassage?19.Whatcanresultfromimpropercoordinationduringportoperations,accordingtothepassage?20.Whatdoesthepassageemphasizeiscrucialforefficientandsafeportoperations?第二部分閱讀理解Passage5Magneticvariation,alsoknownasmagneticdeclination,istheanglebetweenmagneticnorth(thedirectionacompassneedlepoints)andtruenorth(geographicnorth).Thisanglevariesdependingontheship'slocationontheEarth'ssurfaceandchangesovertime.Navigatorsmustaccountformagneticvariationwhenplottingcoursesusingtraditionalmagneticcompasses.Chartsarepublishedwithisogoniclines,whichshowlinesofequalmagneticvariation,allowingnavigatorstoestimatethelocalvariation.Modernelectronicnavigationsystemsoftenautomaticallycompensateformagneticvariationbasedonthevessel'sposition,butunderstandingtheconceptremainsimportantforsituationalawarenessandbackupprocedures.Failuretoadjustformagneticvariationcanleadthevesselsignificantlyoffcourse.Questions:21.Whatisthemainconceptdescribedasmagneticvariationinthepassage?22.Accordingtothepassage,whatcausestheangleofmagneticvariationtochange?23.Whattool,asmentionedinthepassage,isusedonchartstoshowlinesofequalmagneticvariation?24.Howdomodernelectronicnavigationsystemstypicallyhandlemagneticvariation,accordingtothepassage?25.Whatnegativeconsequencecanoccurifmagneticvariationisnotadjustedfor,accordingtothepassage?Passage6TheManOverboard(MOB)procedureisacriticalsafetyprotocolthatmustbepracticedregularlybyallcrewmembers.Itsobjectiveistorecoveracrewmemberorpassengerwhohasfallenoverboardintothewater.Theproceduregenerallyinvolvesimmediatelyshouting"ManOverboard!"toalertothersandstartingtherescuesequence.Thevesseltypicallycirclesthepointwherethepersonwentintothewatertopreventbeingwashedawaybythecurrentandtokeepthescenevisible.Whilethevesseliscircling,anofficerordesignatedpersonthrowsalifebuoyorotherfloatingdevicetowardsthepersoninthewater.Meanwhile,theenginespeedmaybereducedtoslowdownthevessel,allowingtheMOBtoswimtowardsthevessel.UsingspotlightshelpstokeeptheMOBvisibleinthewater,especiallyatnightorinpoorvisibility.Questions:26.WhatisthemainobjectiveoftheManOverboardprocedure,accordingtothepassage?27.Whatisthefirststeptypicallytakenwhensomeonegoesoverboard,asmentionedinthepassage?28.Whydoesthevesselusuallycirclewhenapersongoesoverboard,accordingtothepassage?29.Whatisthrowntowardsthepersoninthewaterwhilethevesseliscircling,asdescribedinthepassage?30.WhatactionmightbetakenwiththeenginespeedduringaMOBsituation,assuggestedinthepassage?Passage7Safetyatseadependsheavilyonthecorrectuseandmaintenanceofpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE).PPEincludesitemssuchaslifejackets,safetyharnesses,gloves,safetyfootwear,andhardhats.Lifejacketsaredesignedtokeepapersonafloatandaremandatoryforallcrewmemberstowearwhenondeckinroughweatherorwhenrequiredbytheship'ssafetyrules.Safetyharnessesareusedwhenworkingatheightsoroverwatertopreventfalls.RegularinspectionandservicingofPPEareessentialtoensurethattheseitemsareingoodworkingorderwhenneededmost.WearingappropriatePPEandknowinghowtouseitcorrectlyarefundamentalsafetypracticesforanyoneworkingaboardavessel.Questions:31.Whatisthemainroleofpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)atsea,accordingtothepassage?32.WhatspecificitemofPPEismentionedasmandatoryforcrewmembersundercertainconditions?33.Forwhattypeofworkaresafetyharnessesmentionedasbeingused,accordingtothepassage?34.Accordingtothepassage,whyisregularinspectionandservicingofPPEconsideredessential?35.Whatdoesthepassageidentifyasfundamentalsafetypracticesforpersonnelaboardavessel?---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解Passage11.Topreventcollisionsbetweenvesselsandensuresafetyoflifeandpropertyatsea.*解析思路：文章首句明確指出COLREGs的設計目的是為了防止船舶碰撞，確保海上生命和財產安全。2.Everyvesselmustgivewaytogivewayvessels.*解析思路：文章第二句直接陳述了COLREGs所依據的基本原則，即讓路船必須讓路。3.Rule2(Givewayinformation).*解析思路：文章第三句提到了Rule8和Rule17，要求列舉其他規(guī)則，Rule2是規(guī)則集中一個常見的核心規(guī)則，關于讓路信息。4.Lightsandsoundsignals.*解析思路：文章第四句明確說明船舶必須使用燈光和聲音信號來表明其意圖和狀態(tài)。5.Itisnotonlyalegalrequirementbutalsoamoralobligationtoprotectlivesandpreventcostlymaritimeincidents.*解析思路：文章最后一句闡述了遵守規(guī)則不僅是法律要求，也是保護生命、防止海事事故發(fā)生的道德義務。Passage26.Toallowshipoperatorstoplanroutesthatavoidadverseconditionslikestorms,highwaves,orfog.*解析思路：文章第一句直接說明準確天氣預報使船舶操作者能夠規(guī)劃避開惡劣條件的航線。7.Itsuggeststheapproachofalow-pressuresystem,oftenbringingbadweather.*解析思路：文章第三句明確解釋了下降的氣壓計讀數通常預示著低氣壓系統(tǒng)來臨，并帶來壞天氣。8.TheBarometer.*解析思路：文章第四句明確指出氣壓計是監(jiān)測大氣壓的essential(必要)儀器。9.Itindicatesimprovingconditions.*解析思路：文章第四句明確解釋了上升的氣壓計讀數表明天氣狀況正在改善。10.Relyingonradarandotherelectronicnavigationaids.*解析思路：文章最后一句說明了在能見度差的情況下，需要額外小心并依賴雷達和其他電子導航輔助設備。Passage311.Forshort-rangecommunicationamongvesselsandbetweenvesselsandcoastalstations.*解析思路：文章第一句明確指出VHF是水上船舶短程通信的主要手段。12.Channel16.*解析思路：文章第二句明確指定Channel16為遇險呼叫頻道。13.Becauseitcancausecongestion.*解析思路：文章第二句說明頻繁使用Channel16進行非緊急通信不被鼓勵，原因是其會造成擁堵。14.UnderstandingthecorrectproceduresforVHFcommunication,includingtheuseofphoneticspelling.*解析思路：文章第三句明確指出有效VHF通信需要理解正確的通信程序，包括使用音標拼寫。15.Forcoordinatingsafepassageandexchangingnavigationalinformation;forrespondingtoemergencies.*解析思路：文章最后一句列舉了有效通信在海上兩個重要原因：協(xié)調安全航行、交換航行信息、應對緊急情況。Passage416.Toassistwithnavigationthroughtheport'schannelsandguidetheshipalongsidethecorrectberth.*解析思路：文章第二句明確說明了引航員在港口操作中的主要作用是引航通過港口航道并引導船舶靠泊正確泊位。17.Mooringandunmooringthevessel.*解析思路：文章第三句明確提到拖船用于靠泊和離泊船舶，處理從船橋或甲板傳來的纜繩。18.Thevesselmustcoordinatewiththepilot,tugboats,andtheportauthority.*解析思路：文章第四句明確列舉了船舶在港口操作中需要協(xié)調的對象：引航員、拖船和港口當局。19.Groundings,collisionswithothershipsorstructures,ordamagetothevesselorportfacilities.*解析思路：文章第五句說明了不恰當協(xié)調可能導致的結果：擱淺、與其他船舶或設施碰撞，或對船舶或港口設施造成損壞。20.Clearcommunicationandadherencetoestablishedprocedures.*解析思路：文章最后一句強調了高效安全港口操作依賴于清晰的溝通和遵守既定程序。第二部分閱讀理解Passage521.Theanglebetweenmagneticnorthandtruenorth.*解析思路：文章第一句直接定義了磁差（磁變）是磁北和真北之間的角度。22.Becauseoftheship'slocationontheEarth'ssurfaceandchangesovertime.*解析思路：文章第一句和第二句說明磁差的大小取決于船舶在地球表面的位置，并且隨時間變化。23.Isogoniclines.*解析思路：文章第三句明確指出海圖上使用等磁差線來顯示相等磁差的位置。24.Theytypicallyautom