（英語）英語閱讀理解提高訓(xùn)練及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

AnewfamilymovedinnextdoorandIgottomeetthemotherofthefamily,Lydia.LydiaisKorean,andherfamilymovedtoourcitysoherhusbandcouldgotograduateschool.Westartedtalking,andshewasapologeticabouthowbadherEnglishwas,butIdidn'tcare.Iknewhowharditwastolearnasecondlanguage.IenjoyedchattingwithLydiaaswewatchedourkidsplay.

Itwaswhatcamenextthatchallengedme:LydiaaskedifI'dbewillingtohelpherwithherEnglish.Now,Iamnotateacher.Iadmireteachers,andI'mgratefulforteachers,andit'sbecauseIadmirewhattheydosomuchthatIwasveryverysurethatIcouldn'tdoitmyself.

ButLydiawassurethatshewantedmyhelp.Iwasdoubtful.Iwasn'tsuremy"help"wasevenworthbeingcalledbythatname.Butbecausesheaskedme,Isaid"yes."Andthatwasthebeginningofafriendship.LydiaandIspentafternoonssittingtogetherandreadingthenewspaper,andaswedid,sheaskedmequestionswhenshehadthemquestionsaboutlanguage,yes,butalsoquestionsaboutthenewcultureshefoundherselfin.Inturn,Iaskedmyownquestions,growingcuriousaboutherhomecountryandculture.Webondedoveroursharedfaithandourstrugglesasmothersofkidswithspecialneeds,WhenIcomplimented（恭維）hercooking,shebegantoteachmeaboutKoreanfood,eventuallyleadingtoasharedtriptoexploretheKoreangrocerystoresinourcity.BecauseofLydia,1learnedmoreaboutmyownhometownthanIevercouldhavelearnedbymyself.I'mstillnotsurethatI'manygoodasateacher.ButI'mgratefulIsaid"yes"whenmyneighboraskedmetohelpherwithherEnglish.Thatmeantspendingextratimewithmyneighbor,andthatextratimemeantshedidn'tremainjustmyneighbor.Shebecamemyfriend.（1）WhatwasLydiasorryabout?A.

HerbadEnglish.

B.

Hercarelessness.C.

NobodyteachingherEnglish.

D.

Herpoorlifeinanewplace.（2）Whatcanbeconcludedfromthethirdparagraph?A.

Theauthoradmiredteachers.

B.

Theauthorwantedtobeateacher.C.

Theauthordidn'twanttohelpLydia.

D.

TheauthorwasnotconfidentinhelpingLydia.（3）Whywastheauthorgratefulatthelastparagraph?A.

ShemanagedtolearnEnglishwell.

B.

Shemadefriendswithherneighbor.C.

ShelearnedhowtocookKoreanfood.

D.

Sherealizedherdreamofbeingateacher.（4）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.

Nopains,nogains.

B.

Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.

Tohelpothersistohelpourselves.

D.

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者在幫助新搬來的鄰居學(xué)習(xí)英語時，感受到了快樂和收獲，并且和鄰居成為了好朋友。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Westartedtalking,andshewasapologeticabouthowbadherEnglishwas,”可知，Lydia遺憾的是她的英語不好。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“ButLydiawassurethatshewantedmyhelp.Iwasdoubtful.Iwasn'tsuremy‘help’wasevenworthbeingcalledbythatname.”可知作者沒有信心幫助Lydia。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ButI'mgratefulIsaid"yes"whenmyneighboraskedmetohelpherwithherEnglish.Thatmeantspendingextratimewithmyneighbor,andthatextratimemeantshedidn'tremainjustmyneighbor.”可知，作者之所以感激是因為她與她的鄰居成了朋友。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thatmeantspendingextratimewithmyneighbor,andthatextratimemeantshedidn'tremainjustmyneighbor.Shebecamemyfriend”可知，幫助別人也就是幫助自己。故選C。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

ArobotcreatedbyWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU)scientistscouldhelpelderlypeoplewithdementia(癡呆)andotherlimitationsliveindependentlyintheirownhomes.

TheRobotActivitySupportSystemorRAS,usessensorsinstalledinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities.Itnavigates(定位)throughroomsandaroundobstaclestofindpeopleonitsown,providesvideoinstructionsonhowtodosimpletasksandcanevenleaditsownertoobjectsliketheirmedicationorasnackinthekitchen."RAScombinestheconvenienceofamobilerobotwiththeactivitydetectiontechnologyofaWSUsmarthometoprovideassistanceinthemoment,astheneedforhelpisdetected,"saidBryanMinor,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience.

Currently,anestimated50percentofadultsovertheageof85needassistancewitheverydayactivitiessuchaspreparingmealsandtakingmedicationandtheannualcostforthisassistanceintheUSisnearly$2trillion.Withthenumberofadultsover85expectedtotripleby2050,researchershopethattechnologieslikeRASandtheWSUsmarthomewillrelievesomeofthefinancialstrainonthehealthcaresystembymakingiteasierforolderadultstolivealone.

RASisthefirstrobotresearchershavetriedtoincorporateintotheirsmarthomeenvironment.TheyrecentlypublishedastudyinthejournalCognitiveSystemsResearchthatdemonstrateshowRAScouldmakelifeeasierforolderadultsstrugglingtoliveindependently.

"Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising,"Minorsaid."ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performancewithagroupofolderadultstogetabetterideaofwhatprompts,videoremindersandotherpreferencestheyhaveregardingtherobot."（1）HowdoesRASserveelderlypeople?A.

Throughsensors.

B.

Throughobjects.C.

Throughamobilerobot.

D.

Throughtheirdailyactivities.（2）WhatcanweknowaboutRAS?A.

Itisthefirstrobotusedindailylife.

B.

Itsfunctionremainstobetested.C.

Itcanlocatepeopleanddoanytask.

D.

Itcancookforownersonitsown.（3）What'sMinor'sattitudetowardthefutureofRAS?A.

Doubtful.

B.

Negative.

C.

Optimistic.

D.

Uncertain.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.

Elderlypeopleleavethenursinghome.

B.

SmartHomeTestsfirstelder-Carerobot.C.

RAS,thefirstrobottomakehomesmart.

D.

OlderadultshavebenefitedfromRAS.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款由美國華盛頓州立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們研發(fā)的機(jī)器人，可以幫助那些癡呆或有身體缺陷的老年人在家里過上自立的生活。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)章第二段中的“TheRobotActivitySupportSystem,orRAS,usessensors（傳感器）equippedinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities”可知機(jī)器人活動支持系統(tǒng)（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配備的傳感器（傳感器）來確定其居民在哪里，他們在做什么以及何時需要日常活動的幫助，說明傳感器起到了重大的作用，故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance…”可知，這臺機(jī)器人的表現(xiàn)還要經(jīng)過進(jìn)一步的測，說明正在測試階段，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising”可知，Minor對這款機(jī)器人的未來發(fā)展充滿信心、非常樂觀，故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，本文介紹了一款由美國華盛頓州立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們研發(fā)的機(jī)器人。再根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance”可知，機(jī)器人目前還在華盛頓州立大學(xué)的智能屋里進(jìn)行測試，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Japanhasmadealotofnoiseinrecentyearsaboutremovingthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.Soitwasshockingwhen,onAugust7th,TokyoMedicalUniversity(TMU),adistinguishedmedicalschool,admittedmarkingdownthetestscoresoffemaleapplicantstokeeptheratioofwomenineachclassbelow30%.

Theirdefencewasthatwomenaremorelikelytodropouttomarryandhavechildren.TojudgefemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolpurelyontheiracademicperformancewouldleaveJapanwithashortageofdoctors,theysaid.Theadmissionhascausedoutrage.

"Doctoringhaslongbeenamalefield.Butitisnottheonlyone.Discriminationiscommoninbanksandtradingfirms,wherestamina(耐力)andloyalty,qualitiessomehowassociatedwithmen,areprized,"saysMariMiura,apoliticalscientistatSophiaUniversity.Allthisembarrassesagovernmentthathaspromisedtomakewomen"shine".Thepolicyseemsbasedontheneedformoreworkersratherthanongenuineconcernforwomen.

ShinzoAbe,theprimeminister,sayshewantstobringmillionsmorewomenintotheworkforcetomakeupforalabourshortfallcausedbyitsageinganddecliningpopulation.Inthefieldofpolitics,therecordunderMr.Abe'spremiership(首相任期)isdisappointing.Justtwomembersofhis20-strongcabinetarewomen,includingSeikoNoda,inchargeofwomen'srights.Ms.Noda,whomakeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontestnextmonth,hasjustpublishedabookcalled"GrabtheFuture",herpublicdeclarationforpullingJapanintolinewith"globalstandards".Shehasalmostnochanceofwinning.（1）Accordingtothepassage,whathasarousedthepublic'sshockandrageinJapan?A.

Womenbeingmorelikelytodropoutofschooltomarryandhavechildren.

B.

TMUjudgingfemaleapplicantstomedicalschoolmerelyontheirtestscore.C.

TMUputtingalowergradeonfemaleapplicantstokeepalowpercentageofwomenineachclass.

D.

Japantendingtoabandonthetraditionalviewthatwomenshouldstayathomewhilemengoouttowork.（2）WhatdoweknowaboutSeikoNoda?A.

Sheisquitelikelytowintheleadershipcontest.

B.

Sheneverfailstoshowherambitioninpublic.C.

SheistheonlyfemalememberinAbe'scabinet.

D.

Hernewlyreleasedbook"GrabtheFuture"isabithit.（3）Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.

DoctoringhaslongbeenamalefieldinJapan.

B.

Professionslikebankingandtradingaretailoredtomen.C.

ShinzoAbeperformedpoorlyindealingwithlabourshortfall.

D.

DiscriminationagainstwomenincareersinJapanisabigconcern.【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了最近的日本尤其是醫(yī)藥大學(xué)對女性性別的歧視，使社會一片嘩然，這一性別歧視現(xiàn)象讓日本政府陷入窘境。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Soitwasshockingwhen,onAugust7th,TokyoMedicalUniversity(TMU),adistinguishedmedicalschool,admittedmarkingdownthetestscoresoffemaleapplicantstokeeptheratioofwomenineachclassbelow30%.”在8月7日，當(dāng)聲望卓著的醫(yī)學(xué)院——東京醫(yī)科大學(xué)承認(rèn)壓低了女性申請者的考試分?jǐn)?shù)，以將每個班級中女生的比例維持在30%以下時，社會一片嘩然。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ms.Noda,whomakeslittlesecretofherambitiontobeatMr.Abeinaleadershipcontestnextmonth,hasjustpublishedabookcalled‘GrabtheFuture’,herpublicdeclarationforpullingJapanintolinewith‘globalstandards’”可知，野田毫不掩飾她在下個月的競選中擊敗安倍的野心。她剛剛還出版了一本名為《抓住未來》的書，根據(jù)她的言行可知，她在公眾場合表達(dá)自己的雄心，故選B。（3）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，本文主要敘述了最近日本尤其是醫(yī)藥大學(xué)對女性性別的歧視，使社會一片嘩然，這一性別歧視現(xiàn)象讓日本政府陷入窘境，出現(xiàn)了很大的問題。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇社會類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

"Tomorrowisanotherday"—thislinehasimpressedvariouspeopleatvarioustimes.It'snow70yearsafteritappearedinthefilm,butitstillseemstoholditspowerespeciallyduringaneconomicdownturn.

ThephrasecomesfromafilmadaptationofMargaretMitchell'ssuccessful1936novelGoneWiththeWind.It'ssetintheAmericanSouthandtellsthestoryofastrongheroine,ScarlettO'Hara,whostrugglestofindloveduringtheCivilWarand,afterwards,ofherstrengthinsurvivingthewaranditshardships.

Lovestory

Inamomentofdespair,ScarlettfinallyrealizesthatherlovebelongstoRhettButler.Formanyaudiences,itisthethemeofloveandstrugglethathaskeptthemoviealive.WhiletheburningofAtlantamightseemirrelevant(不相關(guān)的)totoday'sviewers,thetimelessthemeoflovekeepsitsabilitytotouchpeople.

Withapromisetoherloverstillinhermind,ScarlettchoosestostayinthemidstofwarandtakecareofMelanie.ButherheartisbrokenwhenRhettjustwalksaway,leavingthewomanthatheoncelovedwithcruelwords,"Frankly,dear,Idon'tgiveadamn."(毫不在乎)

Greatepic(史詩)

Thefilmshowsthelove-haterelationshipofthesecharacters,butalsoAmericanhistory,thefalloftheConfederacyandthefollowingperiodofReconstructionintheSouth.Thebackgroundmadethisfilmatrueclassicintheepicgenre.

WhenthefilmopenedafterWorldWarII,Frenchviewerslovedit,anditremindedthemoftheirfightagainsttheNazis.In1940Shanghai,duringtheWarofResistanceAgainstJapaneseAggression(侵略),peoplestoodinlineforhourstowatchthisfilm,andsawthesamesufferingtheywerehavingaswellasthehopeandpossibilityofbuildinganewhomelandfromtheruins.Eachnationalitycouldidentifywiththestoryandseeitasavictory.Infact,GoneWiththeWindneverlostitscharmandabilitytoinspireandamaze.

Biggestofalltime

Thefilmhadfivedirectors,15-plusscreenwriters,andanunexpected$3.9millionbudget.Thefilmbroughtin$200million,whichmakesitthebiggestsellingfilmofalltimesinNorthAmerica.Italsowon10Academyawardsin1940.（1）Theunderlinedword"it"inthefirstparagraphrefersto______.A.

thenovelGonewiththeWind

B.

"tomorrowisanotherday"C.

themovieGonewiththeWind

D.

theAcademyAward（2）Thetextiswrittenmainlyto______.A.

celebratetheanniversaryofMargaretMitchell

B.

introducehowthefilmwasdirectedandfilmedC.

throwlighton(闡述)thecharmofthemovie"GonewiththeWind"

D.

inspirepeopletostruggletheeconomicdownturn（3）ItcanbeconcludedthatScarlettO'Harais______.A.

optimisticandlucky

B.

childishandrealisticC.

caringandstubborn

D.

strong-mindedandpersistent(堅毅的)（4）ThepassagementionsShanghaiinorderto______.A.

provethatthebackgroundofthemovietouchedviewers

B.

describehowpopularthemoviewasatthattimeC.

pointoutthatShanghaiwasacenterofentertainment

D.

tellusthatChineseweresufferingtheWarthen【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，闡明了飄這部電影的魅力所在。（1）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)上下文很清楚知道這里的it指代上文提及的Tomorrowisanotherday這句話，故選B。（2）考查寫作意圖。通讀文章可知文章是闡明這部電影的魅力所在，故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Withapromisetoherloverstillinhermind,ScarlettchoosestostayinthemidstofwarandtakecareofMelanie.”可知她很堅強(qiáng)，故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。倒數(shù)第三段提到的幾個例子正是為了證明倒數(shù)第四段中的“Thebackgroundmadethisfilmatrueclassicintheepicgenre.”故選A?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及代詞指代，推理判斷和寫作意圖三個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Oilisessentialformodernlife.About64percentoftheworld'soilislocatedintheMiddleEast,buttheheaviestconsumersofoilareEurope,America,andJapan.Theproblemliesingettingtheoilfromthecountriesthatproduceittothecountriesthatconsumeit.Thisismainlydoneusingoiltankers.Usuallytheoilisshippedsafelyandwithnoproblems,butoccasionallythereisadisaster.

Everyyearmillionsoftonsofoilarespilledintotheocean.Althoughthisisonlyasmallpercentageofthetotalamountshippedaroundtheworldeachyear,thisspilledoilcanhaveterribleeffectsonoceanlife,includingthecoastlineswheretheoilwashesupontoshore.

OneoftheworstoilspillsinhistoryoccurredalongtheAlaskancoastlinein1989,whentheExxonValdeztankerranagroundoffthecoastofAlaska,spilling42millionlitersofoil.Althoughitwasn'tthelargestoilspill,thedisasterwasterriblebecauseitoccurredinsuchasensitivenaturalarea.Inthisspill,thetanker'scaptain,whowastiredfromoverworkanddrinkingalcohol,hadgonetotakearest.Hegavecontroloftheshiptoanothersailor,whowasunfamiliarwiththeroute.TheshipranontoBlighReef.Damagedbythereef,theshipleakedoiloutintotheocean.Morethan1,600kilometersofcoastlinewereaffectedbytheoilspill.Manybirdsandottersdiedasaresultoftheoilcoveringtheirskin,andmanyotherseacreaturesandtheanimalsthatfedonthemwerealsoseverelyaffected.（1）WhichcountryisNOTamongthelargestconsumersofoil?A.

Japan

B.

Iraq

C.

America

D.

Germany（2）Whatdoestheunderlined“them”referto?A.

Thebirds.

B.

Theotters.

C.

Theseacreatures.

D.

Thebirdsandtheotters.（3）Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?A.

TheoilleakofAlaskaisbecausethecaptainwasunfamiliarwiththeroute.

B.

Manybirdsandottersdiedfromeatingthespilledoil.C.

Alaskaspillwasthemostseriousspillofalltime.

D.

Althoughsomeoilleakisnotserious,itwillaffectoceanlife.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一次嚴(yán)重的油船漏油事件。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段可知，最大的耗油國為歐洲的國家，美國和日本。Iraq“伊拉克”不屬于其中之一，故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段可知，很多以海洋生物為食的動物也都因為油船漏油而受到了影響。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知，A選項的漏油事件是由于船長勞累和喝酒去休息了，另一個水手不熟悉路線而造成的。B選項不是死于吃油，而是死于羽毛被油粘住了。C選項Alaska漏油事件并非史上最嚴(yán)重的。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Lastyear,whenourthree-year-oldgreat-granddaughterKyliewastakentoseeSantaClaus,shemadesuretogivehimherwishlistoftoys.Aweeklater,sheranintoadifferentSantainamall.HestoppedtoaskwhatshewantedforChristmas.Kyliewassurprisedandlethimknow:“Ifyoucan'trememberwhatItoldyoulastweek,howareyougoingtorememberonChristmasEve?”

MaryPaul,Milwaukee,Wisconsin

AsmysonMikeandIdrovetothemall,wepassedaSalvationArmySantaringinghisbell.“Mike,”Isaid,“there'sSanta!”Heshookhishead.“That'sjustsomeguyinaSantasuit,”hesaid.ItsaddenedmetothinkthatmaybemysonnolongerbelievedinSanta,andwedrovetherestofthewayinsilence.Atthemall,wespottedanotherSantagreetingyoungbelievers.Suddenly,Miketookofftowardhim.Turningbacktome,heshouted.“Now,there'stherealSanta!”

MichaelE.Fahey,Huntley,Illinois

WeimmigratedtoAmericafromChinawhenIwassix.BecauseIwasshyanddidn'tspeakEnglish,Ihadfewfriends.Mydayswerespentathomewithmybrother.Sometimeswe'dhelpourneighborMr.Muellerpullweeds.OneChristmasDay,therewasaknockatthedoor.Grandmaopenedit,andtherestoodabigfellowinredwithasnow-whitebeard,laughing,“Ho,ho,ho!”Hehandedoutpresentsandmadeuslaugh.Ihadsomuchfun.ItwasyearslaterwhenIlearnedthatourspecialSantawasourneighborMr.Mueller.

JoanneTang,LitchfieldPark,Arizona（1）WhywasKyliesurprisedwhenrunningintoadifferentSanta?A.

Becauseshegotwhatshewished.

B.

BecausesheknewwhotheSantawas.C.

Becauseshewishedtogetanothertoy.

D.

BecauseshethoughttheywerethesameSanta.（2）WhatwouldMike'sparentfeelastoMike'sdifferentattitudestowardsSanta?A.

Angry.

B.

Sad.

C.

Confused.

D.

Understandable.（3）WhatdidMr.MuellerdoonChristmasDay?A.

Hestoodoutsideourhouse.

B.

HegaveoutgiftsbyactingasSanta.C.

Hecontinuedtopullweeds.

D.

Hestayedwithusinourhome.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了三個人的圣誕節(jié)經(jīng)歷。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Aweeklater,sheranintoadifferentSantainamall.HestoppedtoaskwhatshewantedforChristmas.Kyliewassurprisedandlethimknow:‘Ifyoucan'trememberwhatItoldyoulastweek,howareyougoingtorememberonChristmasEve?!’”可知，當(dāng)Kylie遇到另一個圣誕老人時，她感到很驚訝，因為她認(rèn)為他們是同一個圣誕老人。故選D。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“That'sjustsomeguyinaSantasuit,”hesaid.ItsaddenedmetothinkthatmaybemysonnolongerbelievedinSanta,andwedrovetherestofthewayinsilence.Atthemall,wespottedanotherSantagreetingyoungbelievers.Suddenly,Miketookofftowardhim.Turningbacktome,heshouted.‘Now,there'stherealSanta!’”可知，邁克遇到一個圣誕老人，他認(rèn)為這個只是穿著圣誕老人的一個人而已；但在商場，碰到另一個圣誕老人，他卻認(rèn)為這個是真的，所以推知父母對邁克對圣誕老人的態(tài)度感到疑惑。故選C。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Hehandedoutpresentsandmadeuslaugh.Ihadsomuchfun.ItwasyearslaterwhenIlearnedthatourspecialSantawasourneighborMr.Mueller.”可知，在圣誕節(jié)Mr.Mueller以圣誕老人的身份送出禮物。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(濕度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide"saidresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.

45percentofthespeciesstudiednowreachsmalleradultsizesthantheydidinthepast.Theresearcherspointedoutthatwarmertemperaturesandchanginghabitats,causedbyclimatechange,arepossiblereasonsforshrinkingcreatures.

"Wedonotyetknowthemechanisms(機(jī)制)involved,orwhysomeorganismaregettingsmallerwhileothersareunaffected,"theresearcherssaid."Untilweunderstandmore,wecouldberiskingnegativeconsequencesthatwecan'tyetquantify."

Thechangeisbigincold-bloodedanimals.Onlytwodecadesofwarmertemperaturesareenoughtomakeretiles(爬行動物)smaller.Anincreaseofonly1degreecentigradecausednearlya10percentincreaseinmetabolism(新陳代謝).Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.Fisharesmallernowtoo.Thoughoverfishinghasplayedapartinreducingnumbers,experimentsshowthatwarmertemperaturesalsostopfishgrowing.

Warm-bloodedanimalsaren'timmune(免除)fromthesizechangecausedbyclimatechange.Manybirdsarenowsmaller.Soaysheeparethinner.ReddeerareweakenAndpolarbearsaresmaller,comparedwithhistoricalrecords.

ThisisnotthefirsttimethishashappenedinEarth'shistory.55millionyearsago,awarmingeventsimilartothecurrentclimatechangecausedbees,spidersandantstoshrinkby50to75percentoverseveralthousandyears.Thateventhappenedoveralongertimethanthecurrentclimatechange.

Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.（1）Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.

Whysomespeciesbecomesmaller.

B.

HowclimatechangesinEarth'shistory?C.

Climatechangehasmanynegativeeffects.

D.

Speciesarebecomingsmallerasclimategetswarmer.（2）Theunderlinedword"trumped"mthefirstparagraphprobablymean_________.A.

strengthened

B.

gained

C.

beaten

D.

equaled（3）ResearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporebelievethat________.A.

theyhavefoundtheexactcausesforcreaturesgettingsmaller

B.

alltheanimalsontheearthhavebecomesmallerC.

climatechangehasmorenegativeeffectsonwarm-bloodedanimals

D.

increaseinenergyusecanleadtocreaturesgettingsmaller（4）Whatdoestheauthorfeelabouttheclimatechange?A.

Disappointed

B.

Optimistic

C.

Worried

D.

Shameful【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了氣候變暖導(dǎo)致許多生物個體變小這一現(xiàn)象，氣候變化已對浮游生物產(chǎn)生了有害影響，人類需要盡快采取措施。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(濕度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”可知科學(xué)家原來以為二氧化碳的增加會導(dǎo)致物種變大，但是氣候的變化讓物種反而變小。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity(濕度)andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”可知科學(xué)家原來以為二氧化碳的增加會導(dǎo)致物種變大，但是氣候的變化讓物種變小?？芍?dú)夂虻淖兓驍×硕趸紟淼挠绊?。故“beat”與該詞同義。選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.”可知大量使用的能源導(dǎo)致物種體型變小。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.”可知作者擔(dān)心現(xiàn)代氣候變化的速度太快導(dǎo)致有機(jī)體無法迅速做出回應(yīng)?？芍髡邔夂蜃兓軗?dān)心。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Giventherecentinterestingreenbuildingsinthemedia,let'sthinkdifferently.Insteadoffocusingonincreasingthesupplyofenergy,whatifwefocusonreducingdemand?

Canwestartwithendingtheopen-doorpracticeofstreet-frontshops?Whilecoolairfromtheseshopsisrefreshingtopedestrians,itcarriesacost.Energyisusedintheairconditioningprocess.

Soitmustbepossibletolookforchangesinregulationsthatwouldencouragemoreenergy-savingdesigns.Forinstance,ifwefixceilingfans,air-conditioninghomescouldsurelybeavoidedforpartoftheyear.Ceilingfansusefarlessenergy.Theywereinayearairconditionerscouldstayifceilingfanswerefixed.

Inhomesbuiltunderthesmall-housepolicyinNewTerritories,theceilingmaybetoolowforceilingfans.Ifthe9-metermaximumbuildingheightregulationwererelaxed,ceilingfanscouldbefixedtoreduceenergyuse.Currentthinkinginsustainablebuildingdesignandoperationinvolvesintegrated(協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一的)design,thatis,bringtogetherallpartiestocreateabuildingwithbetterperformancethatachievesenergyreduction.

Forintegrateddesigntosucceed,allpartiesmustcometogetherandthinkbeyondeachperson'scircleofinfluence.Bettersolutionsareimpossibletoavoidwithintegrateddesign.Buildingswouldnolongerbeengineeredafterthebasicarchitecturewasbuilt.Positiveprojectoutcomesmayincludereducedair-conditioningload,reducedpoweruseforelectriclighting,andareductionintheamountofmaterialsused.

Weneedtoaskifwearereadytolookbeyondourownsmallcirclesandseekanimprovedapproachtobuildingdesign.BythatImeananintegrateddesignresultinginmoresustainablebuildings.（1）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheopen-doorpracticeofthestreetshops?A.

Supportive.

B.

Disapproving.

C.

Optimistic.

D.

Uncaring.（2）Whydoestheauthorsuggestfixingceilingfans?A.

Tofollowanoldpractice.

B.

Tohelpreduceenergyuse.C.

Tocompletelyreplaceairconditioners.

D.

Tohelpcutdownondailyexpenses.（3）What'sthekeyto