中考復(fù)習(xí)專題句子成份、種類和結(jié)構(gòu)句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第1頁第1頁一、句子含義句子是一個(gè)語言單位，由詞按照一定語法規(guī)則組成，表示一個(gè)完整獨(dú)立意思。從形式上看：一個(gè)點(diǎn)就是一個(gè)句子。句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第2頁第2頁二、句子成份定義：組成句子各個(gè)部分叫做句子成份。句子成份有主要成份和次要成份；主要成份：主語和謂語次要成份：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第3頁第3頁1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第4頁第4頁

㈠主語（subject）

句子說明人或事物

Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名詞）

（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化形容詞）（句子）句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第5頁第5頁找出句中主語Thesunrisesintheeast.

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.

Helikesdancing.

Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名詞）

（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（動(dòng)名詞）

（不定式）（句子）(名詞化形容詞）（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）Haveatry句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第6頁第6頁㈡謂語

說明主語動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征簡單謂語:由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語:

由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第7頁第7頁Showyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名詞）(代詞）(數(shù)詞)(名詞化形容詞)(三)賓語

動(dòng)作對(duì)象或承受者——及物動(dòng)詞或介詞賓語（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（句子）句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第8頁第8頁賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動(dòng)物.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語↓直接賓語●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第9頁第9頁（四）表語在系動(dòng)詞后部分就是表語Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.寶貴悠閑，舒適句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第10頁第10頁（五）定語

修飾或限制名詞或代詞詞、詞組或從句

Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞全部格)(動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)鋼鐵藥丸句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第11頁第11頁定語后置：假如定語是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第12頁第12頁（六）狀語

狀語功用：狀語說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目標(biāo)、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨情況等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan孤兒.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspite怨恨ofhisillness.時(shí)間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語原因狀語結(jié)果狀語目標(biāo)狀語方式狀語條件狀語程度狀語伴隨狀語伴隨狀語句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第13頁第13頁Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（六）賓語補(bǔ)足語

有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語身份和狀態(tài)，以補(bǔ)充賓語意義不足，使句子意義完整。這類慣用及物動(dòng)詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.

Sheaskedmetolendherahand.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第14頁第14頁同位語位于名詞或代詞后面，說明它們性質(zhì)和情況

Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名詞代詞數(shù)詞從句句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第15頁第15頁句子類型陳說句疑問句普通疑問句三、句子分類和結(jié)構(gòu)按功效分：祈使句感嘆句特殊疑問句選擇疑問句反意疑問句句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第16頁第16頁句子類型簡單句并列句復(fù)合句三、句子分類和結(jié)構(gòu)按結(jié)構(gòu)分：句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第17頁第17頁（一）簡單句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語??主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)(S+V)(S+V系+P)(S+V+O)(S+V+O1+O2)(S+V+O+C補(bǔ))結(jié)論:簡單句最大特點(diǎn)是只有一個(gè)S+V.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第18頁第18頁Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice??主+謂主+謂+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間接賓語+直接賓語主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)(S+V)(S+V系+P)(S+V+O)(S+V+O1+O2)(S+V+O+C補(bǔ))句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第19頁第19頁Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbutsoHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.觀察句子，做總結(jié)句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第20頁第20頁1.并列句特點(diǎn)是什么？

把兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡單句用并列連詞或分號(hào)連接起來，則成為一個(gè)并列句。2.慣用并列連詞平行:轉(zhuǎn)折：因果:

選擇:

and,both….and….,notonly….butalso….,neither….nor….

but,while,yetfor,soor

句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第21頁第21頁請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)并列連詞把每組句子合并為一個(gè)并列句。1.Hewastired.Hewenttobed.2.Thedressisreallybeautiful.Ican’taffordit.Hewastired,so

hewenttobed.

Thedressisreallybeautiful,but

Ican’taffordit.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第22頁第22頁3.Maryiscooking.Johnisgreetingguests.Maryiscooking,andJohnisgreetingguests.4.Heworkshard.Healsolikeshelpingothers.1>.He

notonlyworkshardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.2>.Notonly

doesheworkhardbuthealsolikeshelpingothers.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第23頁第23頁名詞性從句狀語從句定語從句主語從句表語從句賓語從句同位語從句Ⅲ.復(fù)合句分類【記】復(fù)合句:主句+從句主句是一個(gè)完整句子,它能夠獨(dú)立存在。從句是一個(gè)不完整句子,它必須和一個(gè)主句連用，不能獨(dú)立存在.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第24頁第24頁Bythetimehearrived,

1wehadalreadyleft.2請(qǐng)指出該復(fù)合句主句和從句:從句主句句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第25頁第25頁名詞性從句1)主語從句（提醒：認(rèn)識(shí)+了解）*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain確實(shí).*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第26頁第26頁2）表語從句（提醒：認(rèn)識(shí)+了解）*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplace取代her?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第27頁第27頁3)同位語從句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise（提醒：認(rèn)識(shí)+了解）句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第28頁第28頁4)賓語從句（要求：重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)）*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第29頁第29頁結(jié)論全部名詞性從句，都必須有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞常見：that和疑問詞注意！引導(dǎo)詞that&what

*that與what都能夠引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。*what在從句中充當(dāng)句子成份（主,賓,表）。*That在句中只起連接作用，不充當(dāng)成份。*that在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)不可省略（賓語從句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第30頁第30頁重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)之一：賓語從句句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第31頁第31頁一、賓語從句概念

賓語從句即句子作賓語，而不再是一個(gè)詞或短語作賓語。Ilikemyteacher.（名詞作賓語)Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(動(dòng)名詞作賓語）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作賓語）Iknowhim.（代詞作賓語）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作賓語）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作賓語）句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第32頁第32頁二、賓語從句三要素連接詞時(shí)態(tài)語序句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第33頁第33頁（一）連接詞1.that引導(dǎo)2.whether/if引導(dǎo)3.連接代詞whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.連接副詞whenwhywherehow。句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第34頁第34頁（二）語序：陳說句語序

即：陳說句結(jié)構(gòu)（主+謂+其它成份）將以下句子換成陳說句語序1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.IsitonFifthAvenue?3.Aretheydoinghomework?

句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第35頁第35頁（三）時(shí)態(tài)(時(shí)態(tài)一致性）主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句可用任何時(shí)態(tài)。主句用過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句可用對(duì)應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)。Iknowheisateacher.Iknowhewasateacherthreeyearsago.Iknowhehasbeenateacherfor3yearsIknowhewillbeateacheraftergraduation.IknewhewasateacherIknewhehadbeenateacherfor3years.Iknewhewouldbeateacheraftergraduation.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第36頁第36頁賓語從句專題練習(xí)1時(shí)態(tài)一致性()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.

A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake

()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.

A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone

C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen

()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.

A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are

()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.

A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay

()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.

A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled

句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第37頁第37頁賓語從句專題練習(xí)2連接詞角度()1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?

A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that

()2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.

A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where

()3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.

A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who

()4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.

A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe

()5Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.

A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when

()6Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?

A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow

()7Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.

AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose

句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第38頁第38頁賓語從句專題練習(xí)3陳說句語序角度()1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.

AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich

()2.Pleasetellme______lastyear.

A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork

CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked

()3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.

A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas

C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit

句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第39頁第39頁賓語從句專題練習(xí)3.陳說句語序角度()4.Youmustremember________.

A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay

C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid

()5Didyouknow____?

A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor

C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter

()6Couldyoutellme___?

A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing

C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第40頁第40頁復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)之二：定語從句句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第41頁第41頁什么是定語從句呢？結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+句子用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞（有時(shí)也可說明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分）而起定語作用句子叫作定語從句。句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第42頁第42頁先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句Maryisagirlwho

haslonghair.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第43頁第43頁關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞:when,where,why關(guān)系代詞：

指物：thatwhich指人：who(主/賓格)thatwhom（賓格）句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第44頁第44頁

定語從句使用方法:當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí),用which

或that引導(dǎo).Thesearethetrees

which

wereplantedlastyear.當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí),用who,whom,whose,that引導(dǎo).句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第45頁第45頁who,whom,whose,that使用方法區(qū)分.who

作定語從句主語或賓語.Themanwho

isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主語句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第46頁第46頁Whom

作定語從句賓語Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作賓語句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第47頁第47頁whose作定語從句定語.Iknowthegirlwhose

motherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定語句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第48頁第48頁Thisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadream

which/thatwillnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:Thisisthehousewhichisforsale.2.Thebookwhichislyingonthefloorismine.which/that作主語.(不能省)（作主語）句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第49頁第49頁which/that作賓語：（可省略）Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived.Practise:Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake.

Istillkeeptheletters

whichshewrotetome.

Ilostthepen

whichmyfatherboughtme.()（作賓語）句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第50頁第50頁who/that作主語.(不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主語)TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.Doyouknowtheman

whospokeatthemeetingyesterday?Thegirlwhoiswateringtheflowers

ismycousin./that句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第51頁第51頁who/whom/that作賓語：(可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.

(作賓語）Theboywho(m)I‘mlookingforismyfriend.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.

Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.

Thethiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第52頁第52頁小結(jié)：that－既可指人，也可指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，能夠省略。which－指物，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，能夠省略.who－指人，作主語，不能省略；作賓語，能夠省略,（慣用whom）注:當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí),定語從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式由先行詞定。句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第53頁第53頁只能用that,不用which,常見情況有六種：當(dāng)先行詞是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它們修飾時(shí)。Eg:That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?

Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)

Eg:Thatisthemostinterestingbook

thatIhaveeverread.

Thefirstthing

thatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第54頁第54頁3.當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame等修飾時(shí)。Eg:That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時(shí)，定語從句關(guān)系詞用that,而不用which或who.Eg:Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepen

thatyoulost?5.先行詞同時(shí)包含人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that.Eg:Themanandhisdog

thatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第55頁第55頁

只能用which,不用that情況

(1)

“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”能夠引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也能夠引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞是in,

on,

about,

from,

for,

with,

to

at,

of,

without

等,關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或

which,不可用that

。

Eg:Is

that

the

house

in

which

you

live

?

(2)像listen

to,

look

at,

take

care

of等固定短語動(dòng)詞，在定語從句中普通不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開。Eg:This

is

the

boy

whom

she

has

taken

care

of.句子成份種類結(jié)構(gòu)課件第56頁第56頁狀語從句（提醒：了解）分為九類：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)