GrammarUnit7Thenaturalworld能夠掌握并正確運用兩種基本句型：S+V+IO+DO、S+V+DO+OC能夠掌握并正確使用and,but,or和soLearningaimsLeadin1.Youloveyourfamily.2.Theyreadbookseveryday.3.Herbrotherhasgoodmanners.4.Thetemperaturedrops.5.Thefishtastesnice.6.Samisacommonboy.說出下列句子的基本結構。S+VS+V+OS+V+OS+V+OS+V+PS+V+PActivity1LearntouseS+V+IO+DO、S+V+DO+OCVerbsandsentencestructures(Ⅱ)Someverbscantaketwoobjects,adirectobjectandanindirectobject.S+V+O(indirect)+O(direct)→Thesungivesoceananimalslightandheat.

S

V

O

O

Wecanchangetheorderofthedirectandindirectobjectsbyusingtoorfor.Thesungiveslightandheattooceananimals.Weshouldbuildabetterhomeforlocalwildlife.謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者,另一個是動作的間接承受者。有的謂語動詞后面出現(xiàn)雙賓語

(人)間接賓語和(物)直接賓語。“主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語”。在表達時，常常是間接賓語在前，直接賓語在后。Hegavemeabike.Thisterm,Mr.Wang

teaches

us

Chinese.在具體表達時,可以將直接賓語提前。如果直接賓語在前，間接賓語在后，要根據具體的意思在間接賓語前加上相應的介詞。Myparents

bought

somestorybooks

forme.They

gave

alotofstorybooks

tous.主+謂+間賓+直賓（S+V+IO+DO）。Nancygaveme

ahat.IO(間接賓語人)

DO(直接賓語物)HobobuiltEddie

atent.

IO(間接賓語人)

DO(直接賓語物)在這一結構中，間接賓語可改成一個由to/for引導的短語。在雙賓語句子中間接賓語往往是人，直接賓語往往是物。Thesewordsareoftenusedwithto:givehandlendofferpasspostreadsellsendshowtaketeachtellwriteTip主+謂+sb.+sth.=主+謂+sth.+to+sb.Ioftenlend

himmybook.=Ioftenlendmybookto

him.give/hand/lend/offerpass/post/read/sell/send/show/take/teach/tell/write+sb.sth.+sth.tosb.Thesewordsareoftenusedwithfor:buildbuycookfindgetleavemakeorderpickpreparesaveTip主+謂+sb.+sth.=主+謂+sth.+for+sb.Ioftenbuymysistersomebooks.=Ioftenbuysomebooksformysister.build/buy/cook/findget/leave/make/order/pick/prepare/save+sb.sth.+sth.forsb.練習：用to/for填空1.Theboyoftenlendshisdictionary_____others.2.Wewanttobuyapresent_____ourteacher.3.Don’tgivetoomuchmoney_____yourson.4.Pleasepasstheform______nextone.5.MyMumalwayscookmeals______me.tofortotoforAnobjectcomplementcanalsofollowadirectobjecttogivemoreinformationabouttheobject.S+V+O(direct)+C→Themotherbirdkeepstheeggssafe.

S

V

O

C

賓語補足語(C或OC),簡稱賓補(賓語補足語用于補充說明賓語的情況)補足語跟在賓語后，表明賓語的狀態(tài)。

S+V+

DO+OC.FormsofobjectcomplementsExamplesTheynamedthecatBob.Ifoundthemovieboring.Theyconsidertheideatheirs.Theylefthimathome.Iaskedhertohelp.Isawhimrunning.NounornounphraseAdjectivePronounPrepositionalphraseInfinitiveParticipleSummarizedifferentformsofobjectcomplementsThedesertDesertsaredifficultplacesforanimalstolive.Littlerainandtoomuchsunshinemakedesertsdry.Manydesertplantsgiveanimalswater.Theseplantsstorewaterintheirleaves.Someanimalsfeedontheleaves,andthewatercankeepthemhealthy.Quiteafewdesertplantsalsogiveanimalsfood.Theirflowersandfruitscanprovideanimalswithenergy.S+V+O+OS+V+O+CS+V+O+CS+V+O+OAmyiswritingaboutthedesert.ReadherwritingandwritethemainstructuresoftheunderlinedsentencesusingS+V+O+OorS+V+O+C.PracticeActivity2Learntouseand,but,or,soWeuseconjunctionslikeand,but,orandsotojoinideastogether.Rainforestsarehot.Theygetalotofrain.Rainforestsarehot,andtheygetalotofrain.Whenjoiningmorethantwoexpressions,weusuallyonlyputandbeforethelast.Thedesertishot,dryandcoveredbysand.Oceansprovidefoodformanyanimals,produceoxygenandstoreheatfromthesun.Weusebuttojoinideasthataredifferent.Thiskindoffishcanfindenoughspacehere.Theycanfindlittlefood.Thiskindoffishcanfindenoughspacehere,buttheycanfindlittlefood.Weuseandtojoinsimilarorrelatedideas.Birdscanliveintheforest.Theycanalsoliveinthewetland.Birdscanliveintheforestorinthewetland.Innegativesentences,weuseortojointwoormoreideas.Thedeepoceanisn’twarm.Thedeepoceanisn’tbright.Thedeepoceanisn’tnoisy.Thedeepoceanisn’twarm,brightornoisy.Weusesotoexpresstheresultofsomething.Desertsaredry.Someplantskeepwaterintheirleaves.Desertsaredry,sosomeplantskeepwaterintheirleaves.Weuseortointroduceanotherpossibility.從句子結構上來說，句子有三種：簡單句、并列句和復合句。①簡單句有一個主語或多個主語和一個謂語；一個主語和多個謂語。Apples,grapesandorangesaremyfavoritefruit.Mymothercleanedthefloor,spreadthetableclothandthenpreparedthedishes.②

并列句是由并列連詞連接的兩個或多個簡單句.Weadmirehimandhethinkshighlyofus.Ioffertohelpbutsherefused.Studyhard,oryou’llfail.③復合句指的是含有兩個或更多的主謂結構的句子，復合句中的主句和從句都具有完整的主語和謂語。連詞and、but、or、so的用法:1.and:用于連接相似的想法或并列的成分,表示“和;并且”。e.g.Heistallandstrong.他又高又壯。特殊情況:連接兩個以上的表達時,通常只在最后一個前用and。e.g.Thedesertishot,dryandcoveredbysand.沙漠炎熱、干燥且被沙子覆蓋。2.but:用于連接不同的想法,表示轉折,意為“但是”。e.g.It'ssunnytoday,butit'salittlecold.今天天氣晴朗，但有點冷。Thiskindoffishcanfindenoughspacehere,buttheycanfindlittlefood.這種魚在這里能找到足夠的空間，但是幾乎找不到食物。3.or（或者;也不）用法1:用于引出另一種可能性,表示“或者，否則”，在否定句中連接兩個或多個并列成分。e.g.Youcangototheparkorstayathome.你可以去公園或者待在家里。用法2:在否定句中，連接兩個或多個觀點。e.g.Thedeepoceanisn’twarm,brightornoisy.深海不溫暖、不明亮，也不嘈雜。4.so:表示結果,意為“所以；因此”。e.g.Hewasill,sohedidn'tgotoschool.他生病了,所以沒去上學。PracticeDavidiswritingaboutecosystems.Helphimjoinhisideasusingand,but,orandso.Davidiswritingaboutecosystems.Helphimjoinhisideasusingand,but,orandso.1Grasslandscanbehot.Animalssitundertheshadeoftrees._____________________________________________________________2Wetlandscanhavesaltwater.Theycanhavefreshwater._____________________________________________________________3ThereareforestsinAsia.ThereareforestsinEurope._____________________________________________________________4Desertsaredry.Theyarenotalwayshot.